2025屆河源市高三畢業班調研模擬測試（二）英語注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號等填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第二部分閱讀（共兩節，滿分50分）第一節（共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AThankyouforyourinterestinTheUCLAHealthVolunteenSummerProgram.Onceyouareacceptedintotheprogram,youmaybeginyourvolunteeringinthefollowingcriticalareas:WayfindingWayfindersarestationedathospitalentrancesandgreeteachvisitor/patientalongwithprovidingwheelchairassistance.Wayfindersmustbefriendlyandhavegoodcommunicationskills2-hourshiftsareavailableMonday-Fridaybetween8:00a.m.-4:00p.m.Duetothestandingnatureofthisposition,4hourswillberewardedfor2hoursofWayfindingservice.FloatersFloatershelpdeliverpatientmailandnewspapers.Assignmentscanchangeeachshiftdependingonneedsofthedepartment,VolunteersareassignedtotheVolunteerOfficeforone4-hourshiftperweekMonday-Fridaybetween9:00a.m.-4:00p.m.PatientTransportPatientTransportvolunteersareresponsiblefordischargingpatientsandhelpingthepatienttransportstaff.Thisisagreatopportunityforstudentstoseeallareasofthehospitalandgetclinicalexposure.Shiftsareavailablesevendaysaweekanytimebetween8:00a.m.-8:00p.m.ApplyingtotheSummerVolunteenProgramStep1:SignupforanInformationSessiononzoom.Sign-upsareonafirstcome,firstservebasis.Step2:Submitallrequiredapplicationformsonlineforreviewandapproval.Step3:AttendoneIn-PersonOrientation(培訓).Thereisonlyonesession,andwewillnothavemake-upsessions.step4:Complete50volunteerhoursbyAugust31,2025.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutWayfinding?ATimebonuswillbegiven. B.Itisavailableonweekends.C.Assignmentschangewithneeds. D.Ittrainsvolunteerstofindways.2.WhatisanadvantageofPatientTransport?A.Itoffersclinicaltraining. B.Itassistsintreatingpatients.C.Itprovidesflexibleshifts. D.Ithelpsshowpatientsaround.3.Whatareapplicantsexpectedtodowhenapplyingfortheprogram?A.Signupassoonaspossible. B.Trackvolunteerhours.C.Attendamake-uporientation. D.Reviewapplicationforms.【答案】1.A2.C3.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了加州大學洛杉磯分校健康志愿者暑期項目，包括其工作內容和申請方法。【1題詳解】細節理解題。根據Wayfinding中“Duetothestandingnatureofthisposition,4hourswillberewardedfor2hoursofWayfindingservice.(由于該職位的站立性質，提供2小時尋路服務可獲得4小時獎勵)”可知，尋路志愿者可以獲得時間獎勵。故選A項。【2題詳解】細節理解題。根據PatientTransport中“Shiftsareavailablesevendaysaweekanytimebetween8:00a.m.-8:00p.m.(每周7天，從早上8點到晚上8點的任何時間都可以輪班)”可知，病人轉運崗位的優勢是上班時間非常靈活。故選C項。【3題詳解】細節理解題。根據ApplyingtotheSummerVolunteenProgram中“SignupforanInformationSessiononzoom.Sign-upsareonafirstcome,firstservebasis.(報名參加一個關于zoom的信息會議。報名是先到先得的)”可知，申請該項目時，申請人需要盡快報名。故選A項。BGrowingupinCyprus,Elenafeltshewasdifferentfromothergirls—shewasinterestedinbiology.Butitwasafamilytragedythathelpedshapeherdeterminationtomajorinmedicine.“MyparentslosttheirfirstchildbecausehehadDown’ssyndrome.HepassedawaywhenIwasaboutsevenyearsold,”shesays.“AndIguessthat’salwaysbeenplayingonmymindandIgraduallyformedtheideaofstudyingmedicine.”Atabout14,shesethersightsonstudyingmedicineintheUK.“Despitebeingastudentfromaforeigncountry,IachievedA-levelsinallmysubjects,consideredsuitableformedicine,”shesays.Nowasaconsultantsurgeonatoneofthebusiestmajortrauma(創傷)unitsinEngland,Elenahasspokenofhersuccessfulcareerandthechallengesshehasencounteredasafemaledoctorincludingsometimeshavingtoremindpatientssuspiciousofherthat“Iamthesurgeon”.Elena’smainjobisworkingwiththemajortraumateam,butisalsoinvolvedintheteamdealingwithpatientsthathaveseveresurgicalissues.“WhenI’maconsultant,Ihaveapositionofresponsibilitynotonlytowardsmypatients,butalsotowardstheteamthatIcooperatewith,”shesays.Workinghard,shehasneverexperiencedprejudicefromothermalesurgeons,whoshowgreatrespectforher.Elenadoesnotshyawayfromthefactthatbeingawomanhassometimesfeltlikeadisadvantage.“Findwhatyoulovedoingdayafterday,becauseyourprofessionalcareerisalongtime,andittakesalot—probablylike20or30yearsofyourlife.Therefore,it’sofgreatsignificancetodowhatyouarefondofandthenjustgoforit,”shesays.4.WhatinspiredElenatopursueacareerinmedicine?A.Achildhoodincident. B.Herdesireforbeingdifferent.C.Herinterestinbiology. D.Encouragementfromherparents.5.WhatwasonechallengeElenafaced?A.Gainingacceptancefromherpatients. B.AchievingA-levelsinherEnglishstudies.C.Obtaininggoodscoresasaforeignstudent. D.Remindingherselfaboutherbeingadoctor.6.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Respectfromothersurgeons. B.Elena’smainresponsibilities.C.PrejudicefromElena’spatients. D.Medicalstaff’sdevotiontothejob.7.WhatisElena’sadviceonchoosingacareer?A.Makealong-termprofessionalplan. B.Knowyourstrengthsandweaknesses.C.Followyourpassionanddetermination. D.Understandyourcareerresponsibilities.【答案】4.A5.A6.B7.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了埃琳娜受家庭悲劇的影響，決心從醫，并介紹了她作為一名女醫生的成功職業生涯以及她所遇到的挑戰。【4題詳解】細節理解題。根據第一段中“Butitwasafamilytragedythathelpedshapeherdeterminationtomajorinmedicine.‘MyparentslosttheirfirstchildbecausehehadDown’ssyndrome.HepassedawaywhenIwasaboutsevenyearsold,’shesays.‘AndIguessthat’salwaysbeenplayingonmymindandIgraduallyformedtheideaofstudyingmedicine.’(但正是一場家庭悲劇幫助她下定決心主修醫學。“我父母失去了他們的第一個孩子，因為他患有唐氏綜合癥。我七歲左右的時候，他就去世了，”她說。“我想這件事一直縈繞在我的腦海中，我逐漸形成了學醫的想法。”)”可知，是童年時期的一場家庭悲劇激發了埃琳娜追求醫學事業的決心。故選A項。【5題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二段中“Elenahasspokenofhersuccessfulcareerandthechallengesshehasencounteredasafemaledoctorincludingsometimeshavingtoremindpatientssuspiciousofherthat‘Iamthesurgeon’.(埃琳娜談到了她成功的職業生涯以及她作為一名女醫生所遇到的挑戰，包括有時不得不提醒對她表示懷疑的病人“我是外科醫生”)”可知，埃琳娜面臨的一個挑戰是獲得病人的接受。故選A項。【6題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第三段“Elena’smainjobisworkingwiththemajortraumateam,butisalsoinvolvedintheteamdealingwithpatientsthathaveseveresurgicalissues.“WhenI’maconsultant,Ihaveapositionofresponsibilitynotonlytowardsmypatients,butalsotowardstheteamthatIcooperatewith,”shesays.Workinghard,shehasneverexperiencedprejudicefromothermalesurgeons,whoshowgreatrespectforher.(埃琳娜的主要工作是與主要創傷小組合作，但也參與了處理有嚴重手術問題的病人的小組。“當我是一名顧問時，我不僅要對我的病人負責，還要對我合作的團隊負責，”她說。由于努力工作，她從未受到其他男外科醫生的偏見，他們對她非常尊重)”可知，本段介紹了埃琳娜的主要職責。故選B項。【7題詳解】細節理解題。根據最后一段中“‘Findwhatyoulovedoingdayafterday,becauseyourprofessionalcareerisalongtime,andittakesalot—probablylike20or30yearsofyourlife.Therefore,it’sofgreatsignificancetodowhatyouarefondofandthenjustgoforit,’shesays.”(她說：“找到你每天都喜歡做的事情，因為你的職業生涯很長，需要花費很多時間——可能像你生命中的20或30年。因此，做你喜歡的事情，然后放手去做，這是非常有意義的。”)可知，埃琳娜建議選擇職業時要追隨自己的熱情和決心。故選C項。CPlasticbottlesandbagscanbevaporizedintochemicalbuildingblocksandturnedintonewplasticswithallthepropertiesoforiginalmaterials.Therearehurdles(障礙)stilltoovercome,butthenewprocessisabigsteptowardatrulycirculareconomyforplastic.About5billiontonnesofplastichasgonetolandfillsincethe1950s,andrecyclingeffortshaveonlytackled9percentofwhatwehaveproduced.Withcurrenttechniques,plasticsdegradeineachrecyclingroundandendupinlandfillafteronlyafewcyclesoftheprocess.JohnHartwigattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,andhiscolleagueshadpreviouslydevelopedaprocessthatbrokedownwasteplasticintoitsconstituentparts,butitreliedontheexpensivemetalcatalysts(催化劑).Now,histeamhasdiscoveredanimprovedprocessthatworksonbothpolyethylene,fromwhichmostplasticbagsaremade,andpolypropylene,whichisusedtomakeharderobjects.Anditreliesonlyoncatalystsconsideredsocommonthattheyareessentially“dirt”,saysHartwig.Inexperiments,theteamusedtwocatalyststoturnamixtureofpolyethyleneandpolypropyleneintooriginalchemicalsforplasticwiththeefficiencyofnearly90percent.However,Hartwigwarnsthattherearestillmanyhurdlestoovercome,andthattheprocesshasonlybeentestedinthepresenceofasmallnumberofcommonadditives(添加物).“Therewillbeadditivesthatwillaffectthecatalysts,”hesays.Thismaymeanhavingawaytoseparatethoseadditivesorfindingcatalyststhatareresistanttothem.CressidaBowyerattheUniversityofPortsmouth,U.K.,saysthatevenifwehaveaprocessthatcansplitwasteplasticintoconstituentpartsandwithstandadditives,otherissuesremain.Thedegreeofpoisonousnessanddisposalofthecatalystsandadditivesmustbeconsidered,shesays.“Thesecouldoutweighanyperceivedbenefitsofrecyclingtechnologies.Recyclingshouldnotbeseenasanykindofsolutiontomaintainingorincreasingproductionofsingle-useandunnecessaryplasticsandcontinuingthecurrentprevailingtake-make-wasteculture,”sheadds.8.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Theharmplasticwastesdotohumans.B.Thealarmingspeedofmakingplasticwastes.C.Thelowefficiencyofcurrentplasticrecycling.D.Thepressingenvironmentalpollutionbyplasticwastes.9.Whichhastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedword“dirt”inparagraph3?A.Materialsquiteessential. B.Materialseasilyaccessible.C.Materialsabundantinplastics. D.Materialsbasictotheproducts.10.WhatdoesHartwigthinkoftheimprovedprocess?A.Itisnotfullypreparedforpracticaluse.B.Itreducestheneedforsingle-useplastics.CItneedsfurtherresearchtodevelopnewmaterials.D.Itcanbeappliedtoalimitednumberofcommonplastics.11.WhatcanbeinferredfromCressidaBowyer’swords?A.Recyclingdoesn’tproduceanyharmfulsubstancesandpoisons.B.Healthandenvironmentalpollutionshouldbethebiggestconcern.C.Recyclingcanberelieduponasasolutiontowidespreaduseofplastics.D.Theimprovedprocessisasbeneficialandsustainableasitisthought.【答案】8.C9.B10.A11.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了塑料回收領域的一項新進展，即通過使用常見催化劑將廢棄塑料分解為原始化學成分，從而制造出具有原生材料所有特性的新塑料。盡管這項技術展示了實現塑料循環經濟的巨大潛力，但仍有許多挑戰需要克服，包括處理塑料中的添加劑問題和考慮催化劑及添加劑的毒性和處置方法。【8題詳解】主旨大意題。根據文章第二段“About5billiontonnesofplastichasgonetolandfillsincethe1950s,andrecyclingeffortshaveonlytackled9percentofwhatwehaveproduced(自20世紀50年代以來，約有50億噸塑料被送往垃圾填埋場，而回收工作僅處理了我們所生產塑料的9%)”可知，這段主要講的是當前塑料回收效率很低，故選C項。【9題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據原文第三段“Now,histeamhasdiscoveredanimprovedprocessthatworksonbothpolyethylene,fromwhichmostplasticbagsaremade,andpolypropylene,whichisusedtomakeharderobjects.Anditreliesonlyoncatalystsconsideredsocommonthattheyareessentially“…”,saysHartwig.(現在，他的團隊發現了一種改進的工藝，該工藝既適用于制造大多數塑料袋的聚乙烯，也適用于制造較硬物體的聚丙烯。哈特維格說，它只依賴于被認為非常常見的催化劑，這些催化劑本質上就是“……”)”可知，此處說的催化劑很常見，也就是容易獲取的材料，所以“dirt”在這里的意思接近“Materialseasilyaccessible”，故選B項。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據原文第四段“However,Hartwigwarnsthattherearestillmanyhurdlestoovercome,andthattheprocesshasonlybeentestedinthepresenceofasmallnumberofcommonadditives(添加物).“Therewillbeadditivesthatwillaffectthecatalysts,”hesays.Thismaymeanhavingawaytoseparatethoseadditivesorfindingcatalyststhatareresistanttothem.(然而，哈特維格警告說，仍有許多障礙需要克服，而且該工藝只在少量常見添加劑存在的情況下進行了測試。他說：“會有添加劑影響催化劑。”這可能意味著要有一種方法來分離這些添加劑，或者找到對它們有抵抗力的催化劑)”可知，哈特維格認為改進后的工藝還沒有完全為實際應用做好準備，還有很多問題需要解決，故選A項。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據原文最后一段“CressidaBowyerattheUniversityofPortsmouth,U.K.,saysthatevenifwehaveaprocessthatcansplitwasteplasticintoconstituentpartsandwithstandadditives,otherissuesremain.Thedegreeofpoisonousnessanddisposalofthecatalystsandadditivesmustbeconsidered,shesays.“Thesecouldoutweighanyperceivedbenefitsofrecyclingtechnologies.Recyclingshouldnotbeseenasanykindofsolutiontomaintainingorincreasingproductionofsingle-useandunnecessaryplasticsandcontinuingthecurrentprevailingtake-make-wasteculture,”sheadds.(英國樸茨茅斯大學的克雷斯達?鮑耶說，即使我們有了一種可以將廢塑料分解成組成部分并能耐受添加劑的工藝，其他問題仍然存在。她說，必須考慮催化劑和添加劑的毒性程度以及處置問題。“這些可能會超過回收技術帶來的任何可感知的好處。回收不應被視為維持或增加一次性和不必要塑料生產以及延續當前盛行的“取—造—廢”文化的任何解決方案。”)”可知克雷斯達?鮑耶說即使我們有了一種可以將廢塑料分解成組成部分并能耐受添加劑的工藝，其他問題仍然存在，必須考慮催化劑和添加劑的毒性程度以及處置問題，可以推斷出，克雷斯達?鮑耶認為健康和環境污染應該是最大的關注點，不能只看到回收工藝的好處而忽視了其他方面帶來的不良影響，故選B項。DTop-downprocessingistheprocessofusingcontextorgeneralknowledgetounderstandwhatweperceive(感知).In1970,psychologistRichardGregoryintroducedtheconcept.Heclaimedthatperceptionisconstructive.Theprocessingplaysanimportantroleinourinteractionswithourenvironment.Ourfivesensesareconstantlytakingininformation.Atanygiventime,weareexperiencingdifferentsights,sounds,tastes,smells,andwaysthingsfeelwhenwetouchthem.Ifwepaidattentiontoeachoneofoursensesallthetime,we’dneverdoanythingelse.Itenablesustosimplifytheprocessbyrelyingoncontextandourpre-existingknowledgetounderstandwhatwenotice.Ifourbrainsdidn’temploytop-downprocessingoursenseswouldoverwhelmus.Top-downprocessinghelpsusunderstandwhatoursensesareperceivinginourdailylives.Forexample,supposeyoureceiveanimportantletterbutafewdropsofwaterhaveruinedpartofthetext.Afewlettersindifferentwordsarenowjustsmudges(污跡).Yet,you’restillabletoreadtheletterinitsentiretyusingtop-downprocessing.Youusethecontextofthewordsandsentencesinwhichthesmudgesappearandyourknowledgeofreadingtocomprehendthemeaningoftheletter’smessage.SeeawordLO*E,withoneletterknockeddown,yetyouarestillabletoquicklyrecognizethewordasLOVE.Ontheonehand,top-downprocessingservesapositivefunctionbysimplifyingthewaywecomprehendoursensoryperceptions.Itenablesustoshortcutthecognitivepathbetweenourperceptionsandtheirmeaning.Ontheotherhand,patternscanalsopreventusfromperceivingthingsinuniqueways.Sowemayunderstandthepatternofhowtouseamobilephone,butifthemanufacturercomesoutwithanewphonethatemployscompletelyuniqueinteractionpatterns,wemaynotbeabletofigureouthowtouseit.Besides,asourknowledgeislimitedandbiased(片面的)incertainways,itcanleadtoperceptualerrors.12.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingparagraph2?A.Toexplainmainreasons. B.Togivepracticalexamples.C.Todrawspecificconclusions. D.Toanalysetheoreticalframeworks.13.Whatmaybethekeytounderstandingatextwithmissingletters?A.Pre-existingknowledge. B.Activeinteractions.C.Fivephysicalsenses. D.Lessonsfrommistakes14.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Seeingisbelieving. B.Practicemakesperfect.C.Everycoinhastwosides. D.Experienceisthebestteacher.15.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoaccordingtothetext?A.Introduceareadingmethod. B.Deepenunderlyingmeanings.C.Illustrateacognitivestrategy. D.Clarifyaproducingprocess.【答案】12.A13.A14.C15.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了自上而下的處理信息幫助我們理解感知到的事物，文章主要解釋了這一認知過程。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第二段“Theprocessingplaysanimportantroleinourinteractionswithourenvironment.Ourfivesensesareconstantlytakingininformation.Atanygiventime,weareexperiencingdifferentsights,sounds,tastes,smells,andwaysthingsfeelwhenwetouchthem.Ifwepaidattentiontoeachoneofoursensesallthetime,we’dneverdoanythingelse.Itenablesustosimplifytheprocessbyrelyingoncontextandourpre-existingknowledgetounderstandwhatwenotice.Ifourbrainsdidn’temploytop-downprocessingoursenseswouldoverwhelmus.(這個過程在我們與環境的互動中起著重要的作用。我們的五種感官不斷地接收信息。在任何給定的時間，我們都在體驗不同的視覺、聲音、味道、氣味，以及觸摸事物時的感覺。如果我們一直關注我們的每一種感官，我們就永遠不會做其他事情。它使我們能夠通過依賴上下文和我們已有的知識來理解我們注意到的東西，從而簡化這個過程。如果我們的大腦不采用自上而下的處理方式，我們的感官就會壓倒我們)”可知，作者寫第二段的目的是分析自上而下的處理是至關重要的主要原因。故選A。【13題詳解】細節理解題。根據第三段“Youusethecontextofthewordsandsentencesinwhichthesmudgesappearandyourknowledgeofreadingtocomprehendthemeaningoftheletter’smessage.SeeawordLO*E,withoneletterknockeddown,yetyouarestillabletoquicklyrecognizethewordasLOVE.(你可以利用出現污跡的單詞和句子的上下文以及你的閱讀知識來理解信件的意思。看到一個單詞“LO*E”，一個字母被敲掉了，但你仍然能很快認出這個單詞是“LOVE”)”可知，理解一篇缺少字母的文章的關鍵是已有的信息。故選A。【14題詳解】細節理解題。根據最后一段中“Ontheonehand,top-downprocessingservesapositivefunctionbysimplifyingthewaywecomprehendoursensoryperceptions.Itenablesustoshortcutthecognitivepathbetweenourperceptionsandtheirmeaning.Ontheotherhand,patternscanalsopreventusfromperceivingthingsinuniqueways.(一方面，自上而下的處理通過簡化我們理解感官知覺的方式起到了積極的作用。它使我們能夠縮短我們的感知和它們的意義之間的認知路徑。另一方面，模式也可以阻止我們以獨特的方式感知事物)”可知，自上而下的處理通常是有益的，但它也有局限性，有時會阻礙我們以新穎的方式感知事物或適應不熟悉的情況的能力。因此，事物都有兩面性。故選C。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段“Top-downprocessingistheprocessofusingcontextorgeneralknowledgetounderstandwhatweperceive(感知).In1970,psychologistRichardGregoryintroducedtheconcept.Heclaimedthatperceptionisconstructive.(自上而下的處理是使用上下文或一般知識來理解我們所感知的東西的過程。1970年，心理學家理查德·格雷戈里提出了這個概念。他聲稱感知是建設性的)”，結合文章主要說明了自上而下的處理信息幫助我們理解感知到的事物，文章主要解釋了這一認知過程。可知，作者想要說明一個認知策略。故選C。第二節（共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。It’swellknownthatkidsbenefitfromeatingdinnerwiththeirfamilies.Infact,childrenwhospendthisqualitytimewiththeirparentsdobetterinschoolandhavelargervocabularies.____16____Butwhatyoumaynotknowisthateatingtogetherasafamilyhasbenefitsinotheraspectstoo.Healthyeatingcanbepromoted.Whenfamilieseattogether,theyusuallyhavehealthierhome-cookedmealsandconsumemorefruitsandvegetables.____17____Sotheytendtogiveupdestructivebehaviorandeatmoremindfullywhentheirchildrenarewatching.____18____Ithasbeenfoundthatfamilymealsmayleadtosocialbenefitsforparentsincludingthosewhohavelowerlevelsofthesymptoms(癥狀)ofdepressionandstress.Parentswhoeatwiththeirchildrenalsosaythattheyaremorelikelytobeinagoodmood.Whenparentsandkidseattogether,theyaredevelopinglinks.Inotherwords,theycanbuildstrongerconnections.TheywillturnofftheTV,putawaytheircellphonesandjusthaveface-to-faceconversations.Keeptheconversationspositiveandencouragekidstodiscusstheirday.____19____Eatingtogetherhelpspassonfamilytradition.____20____Whenteensgrowupinhomesthathaveregularfamilymeals,theyarefarmorelikelytocopythatpracticeintheirhomes.AstudypublishedintheJournalofFamilyPsychologyshowsthemorefrequentlyachildeatsfamilymealswithhisparents,themorebeeatswithhisownchildren.A.Socialskillscanalsobeakeyfactor.B.Eatingtogetherprofitsparents’mentalhealth.C.Plus,parentsshouldkeeplisteningmoreoften.D.Parentswanttobeamodelofgoodeatinghabits.E.Eatingasafamilyhandsdowngoodparentingskills.F.Themorethefamilycommunicate,thebettertheirrelationship.G.Theyalsohavelowerratesofanxietyandmanageemotionsmoresensibly.【答案】16.G17.D18.B19.F20.E【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了家人們一起吃飯不僅對孩子有益，同時也會在其他方面給人們帶來好處。【16題詳解】根據前文“It’swellknownthatkidsbenefitfromeatingdinnerwiththeirfamilies.Infact,childrenwhospendthisqualitytimewiththeirparentsdobetterinschoolandhavelargervocabularies.(眾所周知，孩子們從與家人共進晚餐中受益。事實上，與父母共度這段美好時光的孩子在學校表現更好，詞匯量也更大)”可知，此處在講述和家人共進晚餐的好處；G項“Theyalsohavelowerratesofanxietyandmanageemotionsmoresensibly.(他們也有更低的焦慮率和更明智地管理情緒)”承接上文，進一步闡述與父母共度用餐時光給孩子心理健康和情緒上帶來的益處，其中also說明與上文構成并列遞進關系。故選G項。【17題詳解】根據前文“Whenfamilieseattogether,theyusuallyhavehealthierhome-cookedmealsandconsumemorefruitsandvegetables.(當家人一起吃飯時，他們通常會吃更健康的家常菜，吃更多的水果和蔬菜)”可知，本段主要講述，孩子們和家人共進晚餐，會吃的更健康，所以D項“Parentswanttobeamodelofgoodeatinghabits.(父母想成為良好飲食習慣的榜樣)”解釋為什么會吃的健康的原因，符合本段主題；且D選項與下文“Sotheytendtogiveupdestructivebehaviorandeatmoremindfullywhentheirchildrenarewatching.(因此，當孩子們看著他們時，他們往往會放棄破壞性的行為，吃得更用心。)”構成因果關系。故選D項。【18題詳解】設空位于段首，為本段中心句；根據后文“Ithasbeenfoundthatfamilymealsmayleadtosocialbenefitsforparentsincludingthosewhohavelowerlevelsofthesymptoms(癥狀)ofdepressionandstress.Parentswhoeatwiththeirchildrenalsosaythattheyaremorelikelytobeinagoodmood.(研究發現，家庭聚餐可能會給父母帶來社會效益，包括那些抑郁和壓力癥狀較低的父母。和孩子一起吃飯的父母也表示，他們更有可能心情愉快)”可知，一起吃飯可以有利于父母的心理健康，所以B項“Eatingtogetherprofitsparents’mentalhealth.(一起吃飯有利于父母的心理健康)”符合本段主題。故選B項。【19題詳解】設空位于段尾，是對前文的總結；根據前文“Whenparentsandkidseattogether,theyaredevelopinglinks.Inotherwords,theycanbuildstrongerconnections.TheywillturnofftheTV,putawaytheircellphonesandjusthaveface-to-faceconversations.Keeptheconversationspositiveandencouragekidstodiscusstheirday.(當父母和孩子一起吃飯時，他們正在建立聯系。換句話說，他們可以建立更強的聯系。他們會關掉電視，放下手機，只進行面對面的交談。保持積極的對話，鼓勵孩子們討論他們的一天)”可知，本段主要講述父母和孩子一起吃飯，他們可以加強溝通，建立聯系，所以F項“Themorethefamilycommunicate,thebettertheirrelationship.(家庭溝通越多，他們的關系就越好)”是對前文的總結。故選F項。20題詳解】根據前文“Eatingtogetherhelpspassonfamilytradition.(一起吃飯有助于傳承家庭傳統)”闡述關于家庭聚餐對家族傳統延續的益處；E項“Eatingasafamilyhandsdowngoodparentingskills.(作為一個家庭，飲食傳承了良好的育兒技巧)”可知，是對前文的進一步解釋，符合文意。故選E項。第三部分語言運用（共兩節，滿分30分）第一節（共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。I’venevermetMrs.Poddar,theownerofthehousewhereIamlivinginthisforeigncountry.Ifinishedmy____21____throughapropertyagent.Mrs.Poddarisacomplete____22____forme.Yet,afewmonthslater,Mrs.Poddarinstructedmyagentto____23____myrent,andthenewrentisonlyhalfoftheoriginal!Feeling____24____,Iaskedmyagentaboutthereason.HetoldmethatMrs.Poddar____25____Iwasfromabroadstudyingherealoneandwasstill____26____thenewenvironment.Shedidthisjusttooffermesome____27____.Beingawayfrommyfamilyto____28____mycollegedegree,Ihavefoundthelifehere____29____inthepastfewmonths:nofriends,nofamiliarfood….Butthe_____30_____Mrs.Poddarshowedmeopenedanewworldtome,_____31_____menottoindulge(沉湎)innegativefeelingsandtoestablishnewrelationships.SoIdecidedto_____32_____withpeopleinmylocalareabyfirstlendingahandtoothers.Ononeoccasion,Ishoppedforgroceriesforanoldcouple,who_____33_____metoaheavymealtheymade.Actually,abouthalfofmysparetimeis_____34_____withofferinghelptopeopleinmyneighborhood.Weareindeedfromdifferent_____35_____,butthatdoesn’tloosenthetiesbetweenus.21.A.moving B.purchasing C.selling D.renting22.A.newcomer B.stranger C.friend D.helper23.A.lower B.cancel C.collect D.raise24.A.motivated B.confused C.excited D.annoyed25.A.anticipated B.suspected C.discovered D.argued26.A.wonderingat B.adjustingto C.lookinginto D.workingon27.A.convenience B.advice C.comfort D.freedom28.A.pursue B.change C.polish D.support29.A.boring B.adventurous C.tough D.eventful30.A.trust B.wisdom C.respect D.kindness31.A.forcing B.expecting C.encouraging D.commanding32.A.negotiate B.live C.correspond D.connect33A.treated B.entitled C.guided D.welcomed34.A.ready B.occupied C.stuck D.consistent35.A.neighborhoods B.families C.generations D.backgrounds【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.B25.C26.B27.C28.A29.C30.D31.C32.D33.A34.B35.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在國外租房時，房東Poddar夫人雖然與作者素未謀面，卻主動降低房租，給予作者溫暖，促使作者積極與他人建立聯系，幫助鄰里，感悟到盡管人們來自不同的背景，但彼此之間的聯系并不會因此減弱。【21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我是通過房產中介完成租房的。A.moving移動；B.purchasing購買；C.selling售賣；D.renting租賃。根據前文“I’venevermetMrs.Poddar,theownerofthehousewhereIamlivinginthisforeigncountry.”和后文“throughapropertyagent.”可知，作者從未見過房東，所以是通過房產中介完成租賃程序。故選D項。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Poddar夫人對我來說完全是個陌生人。A.newcomer新來的人；B.stranger陌生人；C.friend朋友；D.helper幫手。根據前文“I’venevermetMrs.Poddar”可知，作者從未見過Poddar夫人，所以她對作者來說是個陌生人。故選B項。【23題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，幾個月后，Poddar夫人讓我的中介降低我的房租，新房租只是原來的一半！A.lower降低；B.cancel取消；C.collect收集；D.raise提高。根據后文“thenewrentisonlyhalfoftheoriginal”可知，新房租只是原來的一半，即房東讓中介降低了房租。故選A項。【24題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我感到困惑，于是問我的中介原因。A.motivated有動力的；B.confused困惑的；C.excited興奮的；D.annoyed惱怒的。根據后文“Iaskedmyagentaboutthereason”可知，作者不知道房東為何降低房租，所以感到困惑。故選B項。【25題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他告訴我，Poddar夫人發現我是從國外來這里獨自學習的，還在適應新環境。A.anticipated預料；B.suspected懷疑；C.discovered發現；D.argued爭論。根據后文“Iwasfromabroadstudyingherealone”可知，房東發現了作者是從國外來這里獨自學習的。故選C項。【26題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：他告訴我，Poddar夫人發現我是從國外來這里獨自學習的，還在適應新環境。A.wonderingat對……感到驚奇；B.adjustingto適應；C.lookinginto調查；D.workingon致力于。根據前文“Iwasfromabroadstudyingherealone”和后文“thenewenvironment”可知，作者從國外獨自來這里求學，還在適應新環境。故選B項。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她這樣做只是為了給我一些安慰。A.convenience便利；B.advice建議；C.comfort安慰；D.freedom自由。根據前文可知，Poddar夫人發現作者是從國外來這里獨自求學，還在適應新環境，由此推知，房東降低房租是為了給作者一些安慰。故選C項。【28題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：離開家人去追求我的大學學位，我發現過去幾個月這里的生活很艱難：沒有朋友，沒有熟悉的食物……A.pursue追求；B.change改變；C.polish打磨；D.support支持。根據后文“mycollegedegree”可知，作者離開家人是為了追求大學學位。故選A項。【29題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：離開家人去追求我的大學學位，我發現過去幾個月這里的生活很艱難：沒有朋友，沒有熟悉的食物……A.boring無聊的；B.adventurous冒險的；C.tough艱難的；D.eventful多事的。根據后文“nofriends,nofamiliarfood”可知，作者在這里沒有朋友，沒有熟悉的食物，所以生活很艱難。故選C項。【30題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但Poddar夫人對我表現出的善意為我打開了一個新世界，鼓勵我不要沉湎于負面情緒，建立新的關系。A.trust信任；B.wisdom智慧；C.respect尊重；D.kindness善意。根據前文“Yet,afewmonthslater,Mrs.Poddarinstructedmyagentto3myrent,andthenewrentisonlyhalfoftheoriginal!”可知，房東主動給作者降了房租，這是對作者表現出的善意。故選D項。【31題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但Poddar夫人對我表現出的善意為我打開了一個新世界，鼓勵我不要沉湎于負面情緒，建立新的關系。A.forcing強迫；B.expecting期待；C.encouraging鼓勵；D.commanding命令。根據后文“menottoindulge(沉湎)innegativefeelingsandtoestablishnewrelationships”可知，房東的善意鼓勵作者不要沉湎于負面情緒，建立新的關系。故選C項。【32題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：所以我決定先幫助別人，與當地人建立聯系。A.negotiate談判；B.live生活；C.correspond符合；D.connect聯系。根據后文“withpeopleinmylocalareabyfirstlendingahandtoothers”可知，作者決定先幫助別人，與當地人建立聯系。故選D項。【33題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：有一次，我給一對老夫婦買雜貨，他們請我吃了一頓豐盛飯。A.treated請客，招待；B.entitled使有權；C.guided指導；D.welcomed歡迎。根據后文“metoaheavymealtheymade”可知，老夫婦請作者吃了一頓豐盛的飯。故選A項。【34題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：實際上，我大約一半的空閑時間都忙于幫助鄰居上。A.ready準備好的；B.occupied忙于……的，從事……；C.stuck卡住的；D.consistent一致的。根據前文“halfofmysparetime”和后文“withofferinghelptopeopleinmyneighborhood”可知，作者大約一半的空閑時間都花在幫助鄰居上，即忙于幫助鄰居上。故選B項。【35題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們確實來自不同的背景，但這并不會弱化我們之間的聯系。A.neighborhoods街區；B.families家庭；C.generations一代人；D.backgrounds背景。根據前文“Iwasfromabroadstudyingherealone”和“SoIdecidedto12withpeopleinmylocalareabyfirstlendingahandtoothers.”可知，在國外租房求學的作者和當地的鄰居們來自不同的背景。故選D項。第二節（共10小題，每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。Liuisathird-yearstudentatXi’anInternationalStudiesUniversitymajoringi