2021屆北京中醫學院附屬中學高三英語上學期期末考試試題及參考答案第一部分閱讀（共兩節，滿分40分）

第一節（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項AForsomepeople,there’snobettercompanionthanmansbestfriend-adog.Thisfour-leggedpetcanbringcomfortandjoyandprovidemuch-neededexerciseforyouwhenitneedswalkies!ThisprobablyexplainswhydogownershipincreasedlastyearbecausepeoplespentmoretimeathomeduringheCovID-I9lockdown.However,asdemandforanewdogincreased,sodidthepricetag.Popularbreeds,suchasCockapoosandCockerSpaniels,sawevensharperpriceincreases,andpuppieshavebeensellingfor$3,000ormore.Animalwelfarecharitiesfearthathighpricescouldencouragepuppyfarming,smuggling(走私)ordogtheft.Aninvestigationfoundsomebreedershavebeensellingpuppiesandkittensonsocialmediasites--somethingcharitieshavecalled“extremelyirresponsible”.Butdespitesomenewownerspurchasingadoglegally,maybefromarescuecenterorregisteredbreeder,they’veprovedtobeill-preparedforlifewithanewpet,andthepetitselfhasfoundithardtocometotermswithlifeinanewhome.Lookingtothefuture,thereareconcernsaboutthewelfareofthesemuch-lovedpets.LanAlkinmanageroftheOxfordshireAnimalSanctuaryintheUK,notes:“Atthemoment,thedogsarehavingagreattime,butseparationanxietycouldstillsurfacewhenpeoplegobacktowork.”AndCliareCalderfromtheUKsDogsTrustrescuecharitysays,“Theeconomicsituationalsomeansthatsomepeoplemayfindtheycan’taffordtolookafteradog.”Themessageisnottobuyadoginhasteandtopickonethatfitsintoourlifestyle.1.Thegreaterdemandfordogscancausethefollowingproblemsexcept________.A.illegaltradeofdogsB.lessdogfarmingC.highpricesofdogsD.onlinesaleofdogs2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"cometotermswith"inparagraph4mean?A.FitinwithB.GoinforC.Makeupfor.D.Endupwith3.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Despitetheproblems,dogsarelivinghappily.B.Thewriterhasapositiveattitudetowardsdogsfuture.C.Expertsareworriedthatdogswillbeunaffordabletopeople.D.Thewriteradvisespeopletothinktwicebeforekeepingdogsaspets.BWhenJenniferDoudnawasinsixthgrade,shecamehomeonedaytofindthatherdadhadleftabooktitledTheDoubleHelixonherbed.Sheputitaside,thinkingitwasoneofthosedetectivetalessheloved.OnarainySaturday,shepickedupthebook.Asshespedthroughthepages,shebecamefascinatedbythedrama,whichencouragedhertoexplorenature'swonders.Eventhoughherhighschoolteachertoldherthatgirlsdidn'tbecomescientists,shedecidedshewould.Sheworkedwithabiologist,Charpentier,toturnacuriosityofnatureintoaninvention—aneasy-to-usetoolthatcaneditDNA.KnownasCrispr,thetoolwilltransformthehumanrace.JamesWatson,theauthorofTheDoubleHelix,latertoldheritwasthemostimportantbiologicaladvance:sinceheandFrancisCrickdiscoveredthestructureofDNA.Forthisachievement,DoudnaandCharpentierwereawardedtheNobelPrizeinChemistryin2020.Untilnow,onlyfivewomen,beginningwithMarieCuriein1911,hadwonorsharedtheNobelforChemistryoutof184awardwinners.Whenthisyear'sprizewasannounced,Dr.Charpentiersaiditwouldprovideamessagespecificallytoyounggirlswhowouldliketofollowthepathofscienceandtoshowthemthatwomencanalsobeawardedprizes.Afewdecadesfromnow,ifitbecomespossibleandsatetoeditDNA,shouldweallowparentstoimprovetheIQandphysicalstrengthoftheirkids?Shouldweletthemdecideeyecolor1?Skincolor1?Height?AfterhelpingtodiscoverCrispr,Dr.Doudnahasbecomealeaderinconsideringthesemoralissues.That'sthemainmessageweshouldtakefromthisNobel:Newtechnologiescanbeahugebenefittothehumanrace,butinordertomakesuretheyareusedwisely,it'simportantforpeopletounderstandthem.4.JenniferDoudnadecidedtobecomeascientistbecause,__________A.herfatherpushedherB.abookinspiredherC.herteacherencouragedherD.JamesWatsonmotivatedher5.Dr.DoudnawasawardedtheNobelPrizebecause,__________.A.shewrotethebook“TheDoubleHelix"B.shediscoveredthestructureofDNAC.sheisahardworkingwomanscientistD.shehelpedinventatoolforeditingDNA6.Accordingtopassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Thetwowomen'ssuccesswillinspiremoregirlstobedevotedtoscience.B.Since1911,therehavebeen184peoplewhowontheNobelforchemistry.C.Ifgirlsfollowthepathofscience,theywillsurelyachievetheirgoals.D.Crisprwillmakeabigdifferencetothehumanrace.7.WhichwordscanbestdescribeJenniferDoudna?A.Determinedandresponsible.B.Ambitiousandhumorous.C.Cruelandindifferent.D.Fearlessandstubborn.CGlobalfooddemandwilldoubleby2050,accordingtoanewprojection,andthefarmingtechniquesusedtomeetthatunprecedented(空前的)demandwillsignificantlydeterminehowseveretheimpactisontheenvironment,researcherssaid.Thestudyresearcherswarnedthatmeetingthedemandforfoodwouldclearmoreland,increasenitrogen(氮)useandsignificantlyaddtocarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasemissions.“Agriculture’sgreenhousegasemissionscoulddoubleby2050ifcurrenttrendsinglobalfoodproductioncontinue,”studyresearcherDavidTilman,oftheUniversityofMinnesota,saidinastatement.“Thiswouldbeamajorproblem,sinceglobalagriculturealreadyaccountsforathirdofallgreenhousegasemissions.”Theresearchersstudiedvariouswaysinwhichtheincreasingfooddemandcouldbementioned.Theyfoundthatthemostenvironmentallyfriendlyandcost-effectiveapproachwouldbeformorefoodproducerstoadoptthenitrogen-efficient“intensive”farmingmethod,whichinvolvestheheavyuseoflaborandtheproductionofmorecropsperacre.Thisapproachwasshowntobemoreeffectivethanthe“extensive”farmingcurrentlypracticedbymanypoornations,amethodthatincludesclearingmorenewlandtoproducemorefood.Differentfarmingmethodsproducesignificantlydifferentyields,theresearchersfound—in2005,thecropyieldsforthewealthiestnationsweremorethan300percenthigherthanwhatthepoorestnationsproduced.Accordingtotheiranalysisoftheeffectsofextensivefarming,ifpoorernationscontinueusingthismethod,by2050theywillhaveclearedanarealargerthantheUnitedStates,about2.5billionacres.However,ifwealthynationshelppoorernationstoimprovefoodyieldsbyincorporating(吸收)intensivefarmingpractices,thatnumbercouldbereducedtohalfabillionacres.Theresearchersstressthattheenvironmentaleffectsofmeetingfuturefooddemanddependonhowglobalagricultureexpandsanddevelops.“OuranalysesshowthatwecansavemostoftheEarth’sremainingecosystemsbyhelpingthepoorernationsoftheworldfeedthemselves,”Tilmansaid.8.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.TheWorldWillNeedDoubleFoodby2050B.ManWillFacetheRiskofLackingFoodintheFutureC.FutureFarmersHoldEnvironment’sFateinTheirHandsD.DifferentFarmingMethodsProduceSignificantlyDifferentYields9.Thecharacteroftheextensivefarmingis________.A.verycost-effectiveB.toproducemorecropsperacreC.atcostofmorenewlandtoproducemorefoodD.veryenvironmentallyfriendly10.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A.poorernationsmainlyusetheintensivefarmingB.wealthynationsmainlyusetheextensivefarmingC.theintensivefarmingneedslessfoodproducersD.theextensivefarminghasaworseeffectonecosystems11.Accordingtothepassage,theunderlinedword“they”inthe7thparagraphrefersto“________”.A.poorernationsB.theeffectsofextensivefarmingC.wealthynationsD.futurefooddemandDImaginaryfriendsinchildhoodrefertotheinvisiblebeingsthatachildgivesapersonalitytoandplayswithforoverthreemonths.Crabbycrab（蟹）appearedonaholidayinNorwaybyrunningoutofmyfour-year-oldsonFisher'searafteranightoftearsfromanearache.Likeotherchildhoodimaginaryfriends,CrabbyshouldbeasignthatFisher'smindisgrowinganddevelopingpositively.Indeed,researchshowsthatimaginaryfriendscanhelpdevelopchildren'ssocialskills.Researchhasshownthatthepositiveeffectsofhavingimaginaryfriendsasachildcontinueintoadulthood.Adolescentswhoremembertheirimaginaryplaymateshavebeenfoundtousemoreactivecoping（應對）styles,suchasseekingadvicefromlovedonesratherthanbottlethingsupinside.Evenadolescentswithbehavioralproblemswhohadimaginaryfriendsaschildrenhavebeenfoundtohavebettercopingskillsthroughtheteenageyears.Scientiststhinkthiscouldbebecausetheseteenshavebeenabletoadjustthemselvestothesocialworldwithimaginationratherthanchoosetobeinvolvedinrelationshipswithmoredifficultclassmates.Itcouldalsobebecausetheimaginaryfriendshelptoreducetheseadolescents,loneliness.Theseteensarealsomorelikelytoseekoutsocialconnections-theytendtoturntoothersforadvice.CurrentresearchbyToriWatsonistakingthisevidenceandlookingathowadolescentswhohaveimaginaryfriendsaschildrendealwithbullying（欺凌）atschool.Itisfoundthatteenswhoremembertheirimaginaryfriendsarebetteratdealingwithbullying.WhileweknowalotaboutchildhoodimaginaryfriendssuchasCrabbyCrabandthepositiveeffectstheycanhave,thereisstillalottolearnaboutimaginaryfriends.12.WhatisCrabbycrab?A.ItisacrabFishercaughtinNorway.B.ItisFisher'simaginaryfriend.C.ItisatoyFisherlikemuch.D.Itisacauseofearache.13.Whydochildrenwithimaginaryfriendshavebettercopingskills?A.Imaginaryfriendshelpimprovetheiradjustment.B.Havingimaginaryfriendsmakesthemsmarter.C.Theyhaverichimagination.D.Theyarenolongeralone.14.Whatwillachildwithimaginaryfriendsprobablydoifheisbullied?A.Escapefromthebully.B.Fightwiththebullybravely.C.Keepsilentaboutbeingbullied.D.Askaparentorateacherforhelp.15.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheeffectofimaginaryfriends?A.Concerned.B.Doubtful.C.Optimistic.D.Indifferent.第二節（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項Manystudentsstudywithlittlethoughtaboutwhatcomesaftertheirstudysession.___16___.Nowwewillexploresomeno-costwaysthatcanhelpyouimproveyourlearning.___17___.Perhapstheylookattheirphoneorcomputer.Theymightevenplayavideogameorwatchtelevision.Butresearchsuggeststhatrestingafteryoustudymayhelpyourememberwhatyoustudies.AstudypublishedinthejournalPLOSOneexaminedhowwellolderpeoplewhowereingoodhealthcouldremembercertainwords.Intwodifferentexperiments,researchersfoundthatolderadultswhorestedfor10minutesafterlearningnewwordshadbettermemoryofthosewords.“Aperiodofwakefulrestimmediatelyafternewlearningincreasesfreerecallofverbalmaterial,”theresearcherswrote.___18___.”Inadditiontowakefulrest,sleepisalsoimportantforlearning.AreportonthewebsiteofHarvardMedicalSchoolexplainsthatapersonlackingsleepcannotfocusattentionandthereforecannotlearnefficiently.___19___.Thatisessentialforlearningnewinformation.RobertStickgoldisadoctorandsleepexpertatHarvardMedicalSchool.“___20___,”hesaid.“Whenwefirstformmemories,they’reinaveryrawandfragileform.Sleepisimportantforformingmemories.”Stickgoldsuggestedthatadultsbetweentheagesof18and64getbetween7and9hoursofsleepperday.Teenagersmayneedslightlymore,andpeopleovertheageof65mayneedalittleless.A.NewmemoriescanbehardtokeepB.TheresultswerestrongevenaftersevendaysC.ButwhatyoudoafterstudyingcouldhaveaneffectonhowwellyoulearnD.NowyouhavetwosuggestionsforhowtolearnnewinformationE.ManystudentsoftengostraighttoanotheractivityafterfinishingstudyF.Byreducingyouractivityafterstudy,yourbraingetsachancetorestG.Italsosayssleepitselfhasaroleinstrengtheningmemory第二部分語言運用（共兩節，滿分45分）

第一節（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項LongagoIcametothecitynearmyhometowntofindajob.Imetallkindsof___21___andsoIusedupallmymoneysoon.Oneday,I___22___abusquietlyatduskwhenmostpeoplegotoffwork.Suddenly,a___23___criedloudly,“Someonehas___24___mymoney!”Ifelt___25___,becausehismoneywasinmy___26___.Somepeoplesuggestedthebusbe___27___tothepolicestation,butsomewereagainstit___28___theywereinahurrytogobackhome.Thewholebuswasvery___29___.Thedriverthen___30___thebusbytheroadandturnedonthelightsto___31___themoney.Atthattime,onepassengersaid,“Turnoffthelightsandgivethethiefachancetotakeoutthemoney.”Thenthebusgot___32___.WhenIwasstillstruggling(斗爭)inmindwhethertotakeoutthemoneyornot,thelightswereonagain.Therewasno___33___onthefloor.Someonesaidagain,“Givehimonemore___34___.”Thenthelightswereoffagain.Myheartkeptbeatingfast.Thelightswereonagainbuttheygotthe___35___result.Thepassengerswereinheateddiscussionagain.Atthattime,someonesaidagain,“Givehimthe___36___chance!”SuddenlyIfelt___37___andtookoutallthemoneywhenthelightswereoffagain.FormanyyearsIhavefelt___38___totheonewhogavemethreechancesto___39___mymistake.Whenthefirstandsecondopportunitiescome,youmaynotbepreparedwellordon’thaveenough___40___toact.Whenthethirdopportunitycomesyoushouldknowclearlywhatyoushoulddo.21.A.difficultiesB.strangersC.dangersD.chances22.A.gotonB.waitedforC.ranforD.passedby23.A.thiefB.driverC.passengerD.policeman24.A.borrowedB.receivedC.paidD.stolen25.A.sadB.calmC.nervousD.disappointed26.A.mindB.bankC.houseD.hand27.A.pushedB.drivenC.drawnD.carried28.A.becauseB.thoughC.ifD.once29.A.noisyB.dirtyC.brightD.empty30.A.lostB.stoppedC.missedD.found31.A.takeoutB.givebackC.searchforD.throwaway32.A.coldB.darkC.cleanD.crowded33.A.moneyB.waterC.paperD.space34.A.reasonB.wayC.opportunityD.choice35.A.strangeB.excitingC.secondD.same36.A.lastB.onlyC.fairD.good37.A.upsetB.awakenedC.pleasedD.interested38.A.painfulB.sorryC.luckyD.grateful39.A.makeB.tryC.repeatD.correct40.A.strengthB.skillC.courageD.experience第二節（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式Abreakdancingvideoofamiddle-agedmanhasgoneviralonsocialmediainrecentdays.ThemaninthevideoisDuanLifu,____41.____(direct)oftheQianweiCountyEducationBureauinLeshan.Onthedaythevideowasbeingmade,DuanpaidavisittoQianweiFirstHighSchool____42.____(deliver)aspeechtodiscusseducationalissueswithteachersandparents.After____43.____hour-and-a-halflongspeech,Duanperformedthisbreakdance,through____44.____heexpectedtohelprelievestudents'pressure."Aftergivingthespeech,Igavestudentsmyphonenumberandinvitedthemtoaskquestionsaboutthings____45.____areinterestedin.Thenfelta(n)____46.____(enthusiastic)atmospherethanbefore,soIaskedmycolleaguestoconnectcellphoneswithBluetooth,andimprovised(即興表演)theshortbreakdance,"Duansaid.Duansaidthathisbreakdancingwasself-taught____47.____hewasastudent30yearsago.Hehadn'tdancedfornearlyadecade."IlearnedtobreakdancewhenIwasatasimilaragetothesestudents."Withaseriesofprofessionaldancemoves,includingspaceslidingandmechanicaldancing,Duan'sdance____48.____(draw)cheersfromthestudents.Thevideowas____49.____(wide)postedonsocialmediaandmanynetizensalsocheeredforDuan,_____50._____(praise)himasaverylovelyleader.第四部分寫作（共兩節，滿分40分）第一節短文改錯（滿分10分）51.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤,每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加:在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(劃掉。修改:在錯的詞下畫一橫線,并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意:1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞;只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計分。Itriedanewlifestyle.IgaveuptheInternet,butevendidn’twatchTV.IthoughtIwouldfeelveryboring.However,Ihadverydifferentday.Iwrotetwoarticlethatmorning.Inthepast,Ialwayswanttowriteone,butIdidn’thavetime.WhileIwasseparatedfromtheNetandTV,Icoulddevotemetowriting.Ioncereadanarticle,thatsaidthateverymorningawriterspenttwohourswritewithouttheNet.Atthattime,Ithoughtofshewastoostrict.AfterItriedthemethodmyself,Ifounditrealworthwhile.第二節書面表達（滿分25分）52.閱讀下面短文，根據所給情節進行續寫，使之構成一個完整的故事。Theeight-year-oldCarollivedwithherfatherDavid,MotherMayandelderbrotherRob.Thelittlefamilyhappilylivedinabeautifulvillagesurroundedwithbeautifulnature.Thevillagewasatthefootofamountain,withbeautifulviewsofthesnowymountain.Thefamilysurvivedongrowingseasonalplantsandtrees.Theirlifeistotallysurroundedbynatureandbeauty.Whiletheylivedaveryhappylife,Caroldidnotlovethebeautifulatmosphereofthevillage.Shereallywantedtomoveintothecityandenjoythecitylife.Shewantedtoshop,movearoundthecity,watchmovies,andeatinfantasticrestaurantsandcafes,etc.However,therewashardlyanychancethatCarol'sfamilymovedtothecityastheyhadeverythinginthevillage.Oneday,Carolfellasleepduringtheearlynoonandshehadasoundsleep.Ofcourse,shehadastrangedream.Shesawhergrandmotherinherdreamasafairyandherdeceasedgrandmothergrantedherawish.Carol