沖刺2022年高考語法填空專訓（二）語法填空——并列連詞和三大從句對連接詞的考查涉及到并列句和三大從句，是高考語法填空的重點和難點，也是學生的易錯點。分析句子成分，牢記從句規則用法是解題的關鍵。在書面表達中靈活運用三大從句也是吸引閱卷老師的法寶之一。如何判斷填連詞解題攻略?第一步：如何確定并列連詞：如果兩個單詞、短語、句子相并列的成分相互之間存在并列、轉折、選擇、因果關系填并列連詞。?第二步：如何確定引導詞：如果空處引導從句，則首先要看它所引導的是哪一種從句，然后根據引導詞的種類和功能來確定填哪一個引導詞。典例印證[典例][2021·新高考全國卷Ⅰ]Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain，stillithighlightsthewholeadventure________offersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyourachinglegs.分析：第一步：如何確定并列連詞分析句子結構可知，highlights與offers是兩個并列謂語。第二步：如何確定連詞本空連接兩個謂語動詞(highlights和offers)，表示順接關系，因此這里填并列連詞。自主解答：________技法1并列連詞——關系分析法＋句型法當空格前后是兩個并列成分，如兩個單詞、短語、或主謂結構完整的句子等，而且并列成分相互之間存在并列、轉折、選擇、因果關系等時，空格處一般填并列連詞and,but,or等。典例導引1.[2021·浙江卷1月]Inastudyof33yearsoftrendsinBodyMassIndex(體重指數)across200countries，thescientistsfoundthatpeopleworldwidearegettingheavier________thatmostoftheriseisduetogainsinBMIinruralareas.2．[2020·新高考卷Ⅰ]Theykepttheircollectionathomeuntilitgottoobig________untiltheydied，andthenitwasgiventoamuseum.3．[2021·安陽市高三二模]Itwasestimatedthatabout500millionpeople________one-thirdoftheworld'spopulationofthattimebecameinfectedwiththisvirus.4．[2021·長春市高三質量監測一]GrandpaAmuinsiststhatheisn'tanInternetcelebrity(名人)________justanordinaryfarmer.5.Oneday,thecowwaseatinggrass____________itbegantorainheavily.6．Pleasesenduspostcards____________wewillknowwhereyouhavevisited.7．[2020·全國卷Ⅱ]Hardlyhadwearrivedatthefarm________wesawmanyorangeshangingfromthebranches.快捷思維1.關系分析法分析設空前后單詞、短語或分句之間的關系，確定用哪個連詞。①表示并列或遞進關系的有：and,both...and...兩者都，notonly...but(also)...不但……而且……等。②表示選擇關系的有：or,either...or...或者……或者……；neither...nor...既不……也不……。③表示轉折或對比關系的有：but,while,not...but...等。④表示因果關系的有：so,for等。2.句型法①祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句。②bedoingsth.when...正在做某事這時……beabouttodosth.when...正要做某事這時……hadjustdonesth.when...剛做完某事這時……hardly...when...一……就……技法2定語從句——4步法確定關系詞典例導引1.[2021·浙江卷1月]BMIisaninternationallyrecognizedmeasurementtool________givesanindicationofwhethersomeoneisahealthyweight.2．[2021·天津卷3月]WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakesfrom________wecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.3.[2021·山西太原高三押寶題]Becauseofthegreatincreaseinrainfall,riversarefullofwater,________givesrisetogreattastingfishandshrimps.4．[2021·廣東省高考模擬測試二]TheRioCarnivaliswithoutdoubtsomething________everyoneshouldaddtohisorherbucketlist.5．[2020·天津卷]________isdescribedinParagraph4,takingasmallkidtoahalf-hourStoryTimeallowstheparenttoenjoyquietreading.6.[2021·西安中學第二次仿真練習]In2005,MaoGe,________specializedinarchitecture,startedresearchintotraditionalhouses.7．[2021·襄陽五中高三5月沖刺]Forthosewholovenature,Zhangjiajieisaplace________wemustvisit.8．[2020·全國卷Ⅲ]InancientChinalivedanartist________paintingswerealmostlifelike.9.[2021·安徽師大附中5月卷]TheJapanesegovernmentandTokyoElectricPowerCompany(TEPCO),thefirm________runsthesite,haveemphasizedthatthemainradionuclide(放射性核)remainingistritium(氚).10．[2020·天津5月高考]Mr.Smithownedthisoilpaintinguntiltheearly1990s,__________hegaveittohisgrandson.11．[2021·云南師大附中高三熱身]TwootherlettersarefromafathertohischildreninTorquay,________themuseumbelievestheymayhaveescaped.快捷思維第一步：確定是定語從句分析句子結構，設空處是無提示詞，設空后的句子不完整，且對設空前的某一名詞、代詞或整個主句起限定作用，就要考慮填定語從句關系詞。第二步：分清限制與非限制在先行詞的后面出現逗號的，是非限制性定語從句。①that不能引導非限制性定語從句；②which引導非限制性定語從句可代表主句的全部或部分內容，which意為“這一點”；③as引導非限制性定語從句，可置于句中或句首，意為“正如”。第三步：尋找先行詞，判斷屬性(指人還是指物，表時間、地點、還是原因)①先行詞指人：that/who/whom/whose；②先行詞指物：that/which/whose等；③表時間/地點/原因：when/where/why。第四步：判斷從句中所缺成分，確定關系詞①缺少主語：that/which/who；②缺少動詞的賓語：that/which/who/whom；③缺少介詞的賓語：whom/which；④缺少定語：whose；⑤缺少時間、地點或原因狀語時，分別用when,where,why。技法3名詞性從句——搞定名詞性從句5方向設空處無提示詞，先確定主句主謂結構，再確定設空處和空后的內容在主句中充當的成分：主語、賓語、表語或同位語。典例導引1.[2019·全國卷Ⅰ]ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°，thereisevidence________theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.2．[2021·宜春市高三模擬]TouristdestinationsinEuropeareconfident________thestronggrowthofChina'swintersportsindustrywillbenefittheireconomies.3.[2021·陜西省寶雞市高三聯考]Butthereissomedebateover________itwasNOLAorMobile,AlabamathathadthefirstMardiGrasbackinthe1700s.4．[2017·天津高考改編]Sheaskedme________Ihadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn't.5.[2021·新高考卷Ⅰ]GoingtoMountHuangshanremindsmeofthepopularBeatles'song“TheLongandWindingRoad”．________issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.6．[2020·天津7月高考]Thestudentcompletedthisexperimenttomakecometrue____________ProfessorJosephhadsaid.7.[2021·廈門市第三次質量檢測]However,recentresearchfromHarvardMedicalSchoolhasshownthat,onaverage,approximately4，400stepsadayisenoughtosignificantlyreducetheriskofdeathinwomen.Thiswas________itwascomparedtoonlywalkingaround2，700stepsdaily.8．[2021·福州一中第四次適應性考試]Naturalbirdhabitatsaremostcommonlyfound________thereisanamplesupplyofwaterfordrinking,swimming,andbathing.9.[2021·大連市二模]Itislikely________FASTwillhelpmakemanynewNobel-leveldiscoveries.10．[2021·黔東南州高考模擬]Itiswarned________thepandemiccouldcreatea“lost”generationwhowillbeaffectedby“lifelong”mentalillnesses.快捷思維方向一：從句中不缺句子成分且句意完整分析句子結構，不缺任何成分且句子意義完整，考慮that引導同位語從句、表語從句和that引導的賓語從句，此時that沒有詞義，也不作任何成分。方向二：從句中不缺句子成分但句意不完整分析句子結構，不缺任何成分，且引導詞表示是否，考慮whether引導名詞性從句，if可以用于引導賓語從句。方向三：從句中缺少主/賓/表語分析句子結構，缺少主語、賓語、表語：用連接代詞what，who,whom,which,whatever等。方向四：從句中缺少狀語缺少狀語(結合句意判斷)：用連接副詞where(表地點)，when(表時間)，how(表方式)，why(表原因)等。方向五：it句型①Itbe＋adj.＋主語從句……②Itbe＋過去分詞＋that從句……③Itbe＋名詞詞組(apity;asurprise;goodnews)＋that從句技法4狀語從句——句意法＋固定句式法典例導引1.[2021·貴州省適應性測試]EverydayMeiwatchedthem________theyflew,whichhelpedhimtodeveloptheexpressiveeyemovementsthatweresoimportanttohisart.2．[2019·天津高考改編]Tomissoindependentthatheneveraskshisparents'opinion________hewantstheirsupport.3．[2021·福建省莆田市5月模擬]InChina,fooddeliverymenarealwaysinarushbetweentrafficregardlessofwindorrain.________theymakeourlifemoreconvenient,thiscancomeatacostforthem.4.[2021·全國卷乙]Itwasnotwidelyacceptedasatravelconcept________thelate1980s.Duringthattime，increasingenvironmentalawarenessmadeitdesirable.5．[2017·北京高考改編]Ifyoudon'tunderstandsomething,youmayresearch,study,andtalktootherpeople________youfigureitout.6．[2020·浙江1月高考]Iwasrunningsofast________Ibouncedoffthetrunkandlandedonmybackside.7．[2021·河南省高考適應性練習]________ornotyouagree,thesayingdoesreflectitsvitalroleinthecity'sevolution(演變).快捷思維1.句意法確定狀語從句引導詞①while/when/as/since引導的時間狀語從句②before/after引導的時間狀語從句③if/unless/once引導的條件狀語從句④though/although引導的讓步狀語從句⑤where引導的地點狀語從句⑥whether...or...引導的讓步狀語從句2.固定句式法狀語從句引導詞①so/such...that...如此……以至于……②not...until...直到……才……③Itwill/won'tbe＋一段時間＋before...過了多少時間才/沒過多長時間就……④Itissometime(一段時間)＋since...自從……多長時間⑤whether...ornot...無論……還是……，引導讓步狀語從句Test1[2021·河北省九校聯考]WangHongmei,amasterintheForbiddenCity,specializesinrestoringdamagedpaintings.“Ifoundconservationofpaintingsextremely1.________(challenge)inthebeginningwhenIoftenhadtostandforhoursalldaylongduetothenatureofthework，”Wang2.________(recall).“Commitmentandtime3.________(gradual)calmeddownmyheart.”IttakesaseasonedrestorerlikeWangawholeyear4.________(restore)justthreetofourpaintings.Sometimestheworkcouldtakeeven5.________(long).Apaintingover170squaremetersinsize,6.________wascreatedforEmperorQianlongforhisretirement,wasworn.Wangandhercolleaguesspentfiveyearsrestoringthepaintingtoitspreviousbrilliance.“Thesetreasuresarenotsimplyindividualitems,7.________legacies(遺產)ofthecraftandspiritpassedonbytheartists,collectorsandrestorersofthepast，”QuFeng,oneofWang's8.________(workmate),said.“Strengthenedconservationeffortssymbolizeincreasingnationalpowerand9.________(proud).Ifwecanprotectourculturalheritagetothebestofourabilities,ournationwillcometobelieve10.________itselfmorefirmly.”DuetotheeffortsbythemastersintheForbiddenCity,thepublicnowcanhaveafurtherunderstandingofculturalheritage.Test2[2021·河南省高考適應性測試]Someteachersaresoinspirational(鼓舞人心的)thattheirinfluencelivesonlongaftertheirdeath.ThisistrueoftheChinesephilosopherConfucius,1.________hemaybeoneofthemostquoted(引用)peopleinhistory.Confucius2.________(think)educationshouldbeforallpeople.ThismadehimstandoutinancientChina.Atthattime,itwasmostlyroyalandwealthy3.________(family)thateducatedtheirchildren.Confuciusbelievedeveryoneshouldbeabletolearnabouttheworldandimprovehimself.Inpolitics,Confuciussethishumanistideasintoaction.He4.________(quick)learnedthatmanypeopleinpowerweren'treadyforhisideas.HewanderedthroughChina,5.________(look)forotherplaceshecouldhelp.Severalofhisstudentsfollowedhim.Afterreturninghome,Confuciuscontinuedteaching.ThisisalsowhenConfuciusdidmuchofhiswriting.Today,manypeoplelearnaboutConfucius6.________readingTheAnalects.That'swhereConfucius'sversionofTheGoldenRuleshowsup,7.________says,“Donotdotootherswhatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself.”ConfuciuswrotepartsofTheAnalects.Otherparts8.________(write)byhisstudentsafterhisdeath.Itwasalsoafterhisdeath9.________Confucius'sideasbecameknownasConfucianism.Confucianismismorelikeawaytolookattheworld.Itpushespeople10.________(have)self-disciplineandaloveforhumanity.Today,Confucianisminfluencesmanypeopleacrosstheworld.ItismostcommoninAsiancultures.Test3[2021·淄博市高三一模]China'sTaijiquan,alsoknownasTaiChi—amajorpartoftheopeningceremonyofthe2008BeijingOlympicGamesandrepresentedbymillionsofpracticersworldwide—1.________(add)toUNESCO'sRepresentativeListoftheIntangibleCulturalHeritageofHumanityinDecember,2020.UNESCOdescribedit2.________atraditionalphysicalpracticecharacterizedbyrelaxedandcircularmovements.Taijiquan,3.________originatedduringthemid-17thcenturyinWenxiancountyinJiaozuo,HenanProvince,ispractisedthroughoutthecountrybypeopleofallagesandethnicgroups.4.________(influence)byTaoistandConfucianthoughtandtheoriesofChinesemedicine,5.________practicehasdevelopedintoseveralschoolsorstylesnamedafteraclan(家族)oramaster'spersonalsurname,suchasChenstyleorYangstyle.Theyarepasseddownthroughclan-basedformorthemaster-apprentice(師徒)model,6.________builtupontheyinandyangcycleandtheculturalunderstandingoftheunityofheavenandhumanity.Thesuccessfulbidisofgreat7.________(significant)tothepromotionofwushu,and8.________(especial)Taijiquan,globally.Weshouldworkmorecloselywithscientificinstitution9.________(show)theconnectionbetweenTaijiquanand10.________(people)physicalandpsychologicalhealth.Test4[2021·煙臺市高考診斷性測試]BusyColombianslivinginacitycanbepressured.ButthereisaplaceforpeopletorelievestressinBogota.1.________(sit)atthetopofMonserrateHill,eastofthecity,theplaceisaprotectedparkforhummingbirds.Theareacontainsaforestthathasturnedintoapeacefuland2.________(harmony)worldforbothpeopleandbirds.Withthehummingbirdsflyingfromflowertoflower,somepeoplestudythemthroughbinoculars(雙筒鏡)and3.________(other)takepictureswithcamerasorphones.“Sometimesitdoesn'tseemrealbecauseweareclosetoacityofeightmillionresidents4.________generatenoiseeveryday，”saysCamiloCantor,acaretakerinthepark,whosejobistomixwaterandsugarandputitinbirdfeedersalonga300-meterpath.“Theparkis5.________(true)aspecialplace,likeanoasis(綠洲).Itisaplacewherepeoplecango6.________(ease)stress,forgetabouttroublesandget7.________breakfrombusycitylife，”headded.Tenyearsago,thehill8.________(destroy),mercilesslyandcompletely,meaningtherewerenotreesleftonit.Butworkersbegantoreplantlocaltreesandflowerstobringtheforestback9.________life.Presently,visitorstotheparkcanseeover100speciesofbirdsthere.Hummingbirdscan10.________(find)onlyontheAmericancontinentandColombiaishometomanydifferentkinds.Test5[2021·東北三校二模]InChina,fooddeliverymenarealwaysin1.________rushbetweentrafficregardlessofwindorrain.2.________theymakeourlifemoreconvenient,thiscancomeatacosttothem.Onfooddeliveryserviceplatforms,thetimelimitiscalculatedbyanalgorithm(算法).Butitdoesn'tconsiderreal-life3.________(situation),suchasredlightsandspeedlimits.Fordeliverymen,delaymeansadecreaseinpay.Sotheyspeedupandoftenbreaktrafficrules,4.________(put)notonlytheirownlivesatrisk,butalsothelivesofothers.Manypeoplescoldedtheplatformsandaskedthemtoimprovetheregulationsondelivery.5.________response,Elemeannouncedthatitwouldaddabuttontotheapp,6.________allowscustomerstoextendthetimelimit.Butthiscreatedmore7.________(heat)debate,assomefeltthecompanywasdistractingattention.TheShanghaiConsumerCouncilcommentedthatthe