高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1遼寧省大連市2024-2025學年高三上學期期末雙基考試英語試題第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AThatyourparentsarefootingthebillrightnowdoesn’tmeanyou’relivingfreeofexpense.Asateenager,youmayneedcashondailyactivities,nottomentionprovidingfuturefundsforcollegeinyourownright.Thechallengeliesinfindingajobthatfitsyourholidayschedule.Here’salistoftoppicksthatmaytickallyourrightboxes.HyreCarOwnerEstimatedpay:$35/dayIfyouliketheideaofAirbnb,HyreCarissimilar,butforcars.HyreCarisanonlineplatformwhereyoucanlistyourcarandrentitouttobackground-checkeddeliveryserviceandridesharedrivers.HyreCarcoversyourvehiclewithupto$1millioncoverageintheeventoftheftorphysicaldamage.PetSitter&DogWalkerEstimatedpay:$30/dayFindingatrustedpetsitterisessentialfortravelingpetowners.Payvariesbylocation,withhigherearningsinurbanareas.Petownersremainloyaltosittersanddogwalkerstheylike.StartbuildingyourclientbasethroughRover,anonlineplatformconnectingpetownerswithlocalsittersandwalkers.ProofreaderEstimatedpay:$40/dayIfyoufeelawkwardwhensomeoneusestheincorrectverbtenseorconfuses“their”and“there”,proofreadingmightbeidealforyou.Proofreaderspolishwrittencontentforbloggers,websiteownersandmore.WithaccesstotheInternetandalaptop,proofreadingisanexcellentoptionforstay-at-homeparents,students,oranyoneseekingalocation-independentrole.LifeguardEstimatedpay:$15/hourStudleyCastleisseekingpassionatelifeguardstojointhedynamicteam.You’llplayaroleinensuringguestsafetywithamaximumof20hoursperweek.Enjoybenefitssuchasfreegymaccess,discountedfood,andpromotionopportunities.Fulltrainingwillbeprovided.SendyourupdatedCVviaApplyNow.Qualifiedapplicantswillbecontacted.1.HowdoesHyreCarprovideprotectionforcarowners?A.Byofferingfreemaintenance. B.Byassistingwithcardelivery.C.Byprovidingmotorinsurance. D.Byguaranteeingrentalincome.2.Whatqualityismostdesirableforaproofreader?A.Grammaticalsensitivity. B.Publicspeakingskills.C.Independentpersonality. D.Creativethinkingability.3.Whichjobcouldpossiblymakethemostmoneyweekly?A.HyreCarowner. B.Petsitter&dogwalker.C.Proofreader. D.Lifeguard.【答案】1.C2.A3.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了四種工作的情況。【1題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HyreCarOwner部分中“HyreCarcoversyourvehiclewithupto$1millioncoverageintheeventoftheftorphysicaldamage.(如果發(fā)生盜竊或物理損壞，HyreCar將為您的車輛提供高達100萬美元的保險)”可知，HyreCar通過提供汽車保險為車主提供保護。故選C。【2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Proofreader部分中“Ifyoufeelawkwardwhensomeoneusestheincorrectverbtenseorconfuses“their”and“there”,proofreadingmightbeidealforyou.(如果有人用錯了動詞時態(tài)，或者把“their”和“there”搞混了，你覺得很尷尬，那么校對對你來說可能是最理想的選擇)”可知，校對人員最需要的素質是語法敏感性。故選A。【3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)HyreCarOwner部分中“Estimatedpay:$35/day(估計工資：35美元/天)”；PetSitter&DogWalker部分中“Estimatedpay:$30/day(估計工資：30美元/天)”；Proofreader部分中“Estimatedpay:$40/day(估計工資：40美元/天)”；Lifeguard部分中“Estimatedpay:$15/hour(預計工資：每小時15美元)”可知，救生員按小時計費，推測可能每周賺最多的錢。故選D。BLastwinter,IwokeupinastonebedroominAlmeria,Spain,whereIwasworkingonavolunteerproject.Mymorningwalksoftenledmepastafarmwitharottingpileofeggplantsthatgrewlargerovertwomonths,alongwithunsoldoranges.Ithoughtthattheanswertosomuchwastemightbeasimpleone,butinsteaditscomplicationsurprisedme.IinquiredRichard,thefounderofanenvironmentalNGOworkingcloselywithfarmerswhythisdumpinghappenedandheletoutadeepsighoffrustration.“Mostofthetimeit’sjustapureamounthere…thereistheinfrastructuremissing,theknowledgemissing.”Theregion’slargegreenhousesarevisiblefromspace,yetthediversityoffarmsmakesitdifficulttodealwiththewasteissueuniformly.RichardandIdiscussedthechallengesfacedbyfarmers,whooftenlackwastemanagementfacilities,especiallysmalleronesstrugglingtomakeendsmeet.Biowaste,includingplasticclipsandtwine,endsupintheocean,visiblealongAlmeria’sbeaches.Whilesomefarmersareawareoftheproblem,thecostsoftacklingitareoftenprohibitive.Spanishagricultureextendsbeyondfruitandvegetables;in2015,SpainbecametheEU’slargestexporterofpork.ThefarmingsectorinSpainhasadaptedtochangingconsumerdemandsandincreasedanimalproductconsumption.Onesolutionproposedistorecyclebiowasteasanimalfeed,reducingtheneedforimportsofsoyandcorn,primarilyfromBrazil.However,thedistancebetweencropandlivestockareasmakesthissolutionenergy-consumingandcostlyforsmall-scalefarmers.Thankfully,therearesomeverypromisingapproachesbeingcarriedout,suchasbiochar(生物炭)andregenerativeenergyproduction.Afterwitnessingthewaste,Ifeeladeepcompassionforfarmers,whoarepartofasmallcommunityfeedingmuchofEurope.Theydesirechangeandlongforconcretesupport.Theissueoffoodproductionandmanagementisourcommonresponsibility,andwemustworktogetherwithfarmerstohealourworld.4.WhatdoestheauthorimplyaboutthewasteprobleminAlmeria?A.Asituationlargelyignored. B.Aproblemeasytomanage.C.AchallengeuniquetoAlmeria. D.Anissuecomplextoapproach.5.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph3?A.Thesamesolutionsapplyacrossfarms.B.Smallfarmsstrugglefinanciallywithwaste.C.Farmersareunconsciousofthewasteproblem.D.Manyfarmscomplicatethewastemanagement.6.Whyisturningplantwasteintoanimalfeedimpractical?A.Hightransportationcosts. B.Expensivehigh-techequipment.C.Multi-stepprocessingtechniques. D.Lownutritionalvalueforanimals.7.Whatisthekeytosolvingfoodwaste?A.Self-changebyfarmers. B.Innovationintechnology.C.Widespreadsocialparticipation. D.Directgovernmentinvolvement.【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。主要介紹的是阿爾梅里亞地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物問題的復雜性，探討其成因及可能的解決方案，強調社會共同參與的重要性。【4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Ithoughtthattheanswertosomuchwastemightbeasimpleone,butinsteaditscomplicationsurprisedme.IinquiredRichard,thefounderofanenvironmentalNGOworkingcloselywithfarmerswhythisdumpinghappenedandheletoutadeepsighoffrustration.“Mostofthetimeit’sjustapureamounthere…thereistheinfrastructuremissing,theknowledgemissing.”(我原以為解決這么多浪費的辦法很簡單，但它的復雜性卻讓我大吃一驚。理查德是一家與農(nóng)民密切合作的環(huán)保非政府組織的創(chuàng)始人，我問他為什么會發(fā)生這種傾倒，他沮喪地嘆了口氣。“大多數(shù)時候，這只是一個純粹的數(shù)量……基礎設施缺失，知識缺失。”)”可知，阿爾梅里亞的垃圾問題是難以處理的復雜問題。故選D項。【5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theregion’slargegreenhousesarevisiblefromspace,yetthediversityoffarmsmakesitdifficulttodealwiththewasteissueuniformly.RichardandIdiscussedthechallengesfacedbyfarmers,whooftenlackwastemanagementfacilities,especiallysmalleronesstrugglingtomakeendsmeet.Biowaste,includingplasticclipsandtwine,endsupintheocean,visiblealongAlmeria’sbeaches.Whilesomefarmersareawareoftheproblem,thecostsoftacklingitareoftenprohibitive.(從太空中都能看到該地區(qū)龐大的溫室，但農(nóng)場的多樣性使得難以統(tǒng)一處理浪費問題。理查德和我討論了農(nóng)民面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，他們往往缺乏廢物管理設施，尤其是那些勉強維持生計的小農(nóng)戶。包括塑料夾子和麻繩在內的生物廢物最終流入海洋，在阿爾梅里亞的海灘上隨處可見。雖然一些農(nóng)民意識到了這個問題，但解決它的成本往往讓他們望而卻步)”可知，從本段可知，小農(nóng)場在經(jīng)濟上與浪費作斗爭。故選B項。【6題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Onesolutionproposedistorecyclebiowasteasanimalfeed,reducingtheneedforimportsofsoyandcorn,primarilyfromBrazil.However,thedistancebetweencropandlivestockareasmakesthissolutionenergy-consumingandcostlyforsmall-scalefarmers.Thankfully,therearesomeverypromisingapproachesbeingcarriedout,suchasbiochar(生物炭)andregenerativeenergyproduction.(有人提出的一個解決方案是將生物廢物回收作為動物飼料，減少對主要從巴西進口的大豆和玉米的需求。然而，作物種植區(qū)和牲畜飼養(yǎng)區(qū)之間的距離使得這一方案對小型農(nóng)戶來說既耗能又昂貴。值得慶幸的是，目前正在實施一些非常有前景的方法，如生物炭和再生能源生產(chǎn))”可知，高昂的運輸成本，讓植物廢料變成動物飼料這個主意變得不切實際。故選A項。【7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Afterwitnessingthewaste,Ifeeladeepcompassionforfarmers,whoarepartofasmallcommunityfeedingmuchofEurope.Theydesirechangeandlongforconcretesupport.Theissueoffoodproductionandmanagementisourcommonresponsibility,andwemustworktogetherwithfarmerstohealourworld.(目睹了這些浪費后，我對農(nóng)民們深感同情，他們是滋養(yǎng)歐洲大部分地區(qū)的一個小社區(qū)的一部分。他們渴望改變，并期待得到具體的支持。糧食生產(chǎn)和管理的問題是我們共同的責任，我們必須與農(nóng)民攜手合作，共同治愈我們的世界)”可知，解決食物浪費的關鍵是社會的廣泛參與。故選C項。CThebrainofafruitflyissmallenoughtofitontheheadofapin,yetitcontainsnearly140,000neurons(神經(jīng)元).Nowondermappingthiscomplexstructuretook5yearsandover200people—amonumentalprojectdiscussedinabodyofpapers.Brainmappingisoneofthemostcomplextasksinneuroscience,whereminorerrorscansignificantlyaffectoutcomes.Remarkably,somecontributorstotheprojectwerevolunteersfromdiversebackgrounds,teamingupwithneuroscientiststoconfirmresultsproducedbyartificialintelligence(AI),showcasinghowamateursciencecanenhancedata-hungryresearch.TheFlyWireconnectome(連接組)mapdevelopedbyMalaMurthy’steamatPrincetonUniversity,ishelpingtoadvanceneuroscience.Thisprojectcreateda“wiringdiagram”ofneuronconnectionsanddiscovered4,581celltypes,manyinlesser-studiedbrainregions.Researchersworldwideareusingthismaptostudyneuronalcontroloffeedingbehaviorsofflies.Additionally,ateamfromtheUniversityofCaliforniausesittounderstandhowspecializedneuronsintheflybrainprocessvisualinformation.Bystudyingtheintricatestructureofitsbrain,scientistscanbetterunderstandhowhumanbrainworksandthefundamentalmechanismsthatgovernneuralsystem.Volunteerswerecrucialinlabelingthemapanddouble-checkingitsaccuracy.Theprojectinitiatedwithelectronmicroscopyimagesoftheflybrain,whichwereusedtotrainAItocreateawiringdiagram.Fact-checkingmillionsofdatapointswaslabor-intensive;thus,projectco-leaderSebastiandevelopedEyeWire,aninteractivegame-likeplatformwheretop-performingvolunteerswerepicked.ThoseshortlistedwerethentrainedtoproofreadAI-generateddataintherealproject,ataskthatwouldhaverequired33full-timeneuroscientistsforayear.Murthynotedthatthiscooperativeapproachcouldbeappliedtolargerprojects.Increasingly,amateurscientistsareinvolvedinmoreresearchareas,helpingfilldatagap.Theuniqueaspectofthefly-brainprojectisthatcitizenscientistsassistfull-timescientistsconfirmingtheirfindings,amodelthatmayhavebroaderapplicationsinourdata-richworld.8.Whatisahighlightofthebrainmappingproject?A.Gettingridofunwantedoutcomes. B.Partneringamateurswithscientists.C.UsingAItoproducedesiredresults. D.Makingcontributionstouniversities.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmeaninparagraph3?A.Straightforward. B.Administrative. C.Mature. D.Delicate.10.WhydidresearchersdevelopEyeWire?A.Toinitiatetheproject. B.Toselectcandidates.C.Toenhanceinteraction. D.Toconstructplatforms.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A.Understandingflybehavior:citizenscience’sroleinpublichealth.B.Unlockingflybrainsecrets:concertedscienceandamateurpower.C.Decodingflybrainforhumanemotions:findingsfromvolunteers.D.Probingintoflybrainconnections:insectsputscientiststothetest.【答案】8.B9.D10.B11.B【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了果蠅大腦連接組映射項目的相關信息，包括項目的規(guī)模、意義、參與人員以及其對神經(jīng)科學研究的推動作用，同時還闡述了業(yè)余科學家在數(shù)據(jù)密集型研究中的重要作用。【8題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Remarkably,somecontributorstotheprojectwerevolunteersfromdiversebackgrounds,teamingupwithneuroscientiststoconfirmresultsproducedbyartificialintelligence(AI),showcasinghowamateursciencecanenhancedata-hungryresearch.(值得注意的是，該項目的一些貢獻者是來自不同背景的志愿者，他們與神經(jīng)科學家合作，確認人工智能（AI）產(chǎn)生的結果，展示了業(yè)余科學如何增強數(shù)據(jù)饑渴的研究)”可知，大腦測繪項目的亮點是業(yè)余愛好者與科學家合作。故選B項。【9題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)前文“Thisprojectcreateda“wiringdiagram”ofneuronconnectionsanddiscovered4,581celltypes,manyinlesser-studiedbrainregions.Researchersworldwideareusingthismaptostudyneuronalcontroloffeedingbehaviorsofflies.

(該項目創(chuàng)建了神經(jīng)元連接的“接線圖”，并發(fā)現(xiàn)了4581種細胞類型，其中許多位于研究較少的大腦區(qū)域。全世界的研究人員都在使用這張圖來研究果蠅攝食行為的神經(jīng)元控制)”可知，果蠅的大腦結構是復雜的精密的，通過研究其復雜的大腦結構，科學家可以更好地了解人類大腦是如何工作的，以及控制神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的基本機。由此猜測intricate應是“復雜的，精密的”之意，和D項意思相近。故選D項。【10題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Volunteerswerecrucialinlabelingthemapanddouble-checkingitsaccuracy.Theprojectinitiatedwithelectronmicroscopyimagesoftheflybrain,whichwereusedtotrainAItocreateawiringdiagram.Fact-checkingmillionsofdatapointswaslabor-intensive;thus,projectco-leaderSebastiandevelopedEyeWire,aninteractivegame-likeplatformwheretop-performingvolunteerswerepicked.(志愿者在給地圖貼上標簽和再次檢查其準確性方面發(fā)揮了至關重要的作用。該項目以蒼蠅大腦的電子顯微鏡圖像開始，這些圖像被用來訓練人工智能創(chuàng)建接線圖。對數(shù)百萬個數(shù)據(jù)點進行事實核查是一項勞動密集型工作；因此，項目聯(lián)合負責人塞巴斯蒂安開發(fā)了EyeWire，這是一個類似互動游戲的平臺，可以挑選出表現(xiàn)最好的志愿者)”可知，研究人員開發(fā)EyeWire是為了選擇候選人。故選B項。【11題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Brainmappingisoneofthemostcomplextasksinneuroscience,whereminorerrorscansignificantlyaffectoutcomes.Remarkably,somecontributorstotheprojectwerevolunteersfromdiversebackgrounds,teamingupwithneuroscientiststoconfirmresultsproducedbyartificialintelligence(AI),showcasinghowamateursciencecanenhancedata-hungryresearch.(大腦繪圖是神經(jīng)科學中最復雜的任務之一，其中微小的錯誤可能會顯著影響結果。值得注意的是，該項目的一些貢獻者是來自不同背景的志愿者，他們與神經(jīng)科學家合作，確認人工智能（Al）產(chǎn)生的結果，展示了業(yè)余科學如何增強數(shù)據(jù)饑渴的研究)”以及最后一段“Increasingly,amateurscientistsareinvolvedinmoreresearchareas,helpingfilldatagapTheuniqueaspectofthefly-brainprojectisthatcitizenscientistsassistfull-timescientistsconfirmingtheirfindings,amodelthatmayhavebroaderapplicationsinourdata-richworld.(越來越多的業(yè)余科學家參與到更多的研究領域，幫助填補數(shù)據(jù)空白。蒼蠅大腦項目的獨特之處在于，公民科學家?guī)椭毧茖W家確認他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種模式在我們這個數(shù)據(jù)豐富的世界可能會有更廣泛的應用)”可知，本文主要介紹了果蠅大腦連接組映射項目的相關信息以及業(yè)余科學家在數(shù)據(jù)密集型研究中的重要作用，所以B項“解開蒼蠅大腦的秘密：協(xié)調一致的科學和業(yè)余力量。”是本文最好的標題。故選B項。DIfyouproudlybelieveyou’rerightinadisagreementwithafriendorcolleague,anewstudysuggestswhyyoumayactuallybewrong.Researchersfoundthatpeoplenaturallyassumetheyhavealltheinformationtheyneedtomakeadecisionorsupporttheirposition,evenwhentheydonot.Theresearcherscalleditthe“illusionofinformationadequacy”.“Wefoundthat,ingeneral,peopledon’tstoptothinkwhethertheremightbemoreinformationthatwouldhelpthemmakeamoreinformeddecision,”saidstudyco-authorAngusFletcher,aprofessorofEnglishatTheOhioStateUniversity.“Ifyougivepeopleafewpiecesofinformationthatseemstolineup,mostwillsay‘thatsoundsaboutright’andgowiththat.”Thestudy,publishedinthejournalPLOSONE,involved1,261Americanswhoparticipatedonline.Theyweresplitintothreegroupswhoreadanarticleaboutafictionalschoolthatlackedadequatewater.Onegroupreadanarticlethatonlygavereasonswhytheschoolshouldmergewithanotherthathadadequatewater;asecondgroup’sarticleonlygavereasonsforstayingseparateandhopingforothersolutions;andthethirdgroupreadalltheargumentsfortheschoolsmergingandforstayingseparate.Thefindingsshowedthatthetwogroupswhoreadhalfthestory—eitherjustthepro-mergingorjusttheanti-mergingarguments—stillbelievedtheyhadenoughinformationtomakeagooddecision.“Thosewithhalftheinformationactuallyshowgreatercertaintyintheirdecisiontomergeorremainseparatethanthosewhohadthecompletestory,”Fletchersaid.Thesediscoveriesenhanceourunderstandingofna?verealism,whereindividualsperceivetheirpersonalviewpointsasthefactualreality,asFletchernoted.Researchonna?verealismoftenfocusesonhowpeoplehavedifferentunderstandingsofthesamesituation.“Yourfirstmovewhenyoudisagreewithsomeoneshouldbetothink,‘IstheresomethingthatI’mmissingthatwouldhelpmeseetheirperspectiveandunderstandtheirpositionbetter?’”Fletchersaid,“That’sthewaytofightthisillusionofinformationadequacy.”12.Whatwill“illusionofinformationadequacy”makeusdo?A.Believewehaveenoughinformation.B.Judgeifwehaveenoughinformation.C.Seekallinformationtomakeadecision.D.Hesitatetodecidewithoutfullinformation.13.Inthestudy,whoaremoreconfidentindecision-making?A.Criticalinformationreaders. B.Balancedinformationreaders.C.Overloadedinformationreaders. D.One-sidedinformationreaders.14.Whichoftheexamplescanillustratena?verealism?A.Ateacherencouragesmultipleviewpoints.B.Ascientistdrawsaconclusionbasedondata.C.Adriverinsiststheotherpartyisfullyresponsible.D.Astudentwritesanessaywithlimitedsearchresults.15.WhatdoesFletcheradviseustodointhetext?A.Torelyonyourowninformation. B.Tolistentothosewhoagreewithyou.C.Tothinkaboutoverlookedviewpoints. D.Toassumeyouhavealltherelevantfacts.【答案】12.A13.D14.C15.C【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了一項新研究，該研究揭示了人們在爭論中為何可能堅信自己是正確的，而實際上可能是錯誤的，即“信息充足錯覺”現(xiàn)象，并通過實驗進行了說明，最后給出了應對這種錯覺的建議。【12題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Ifyouproudlybelieveyou’rerightinadisagreementwithafriendorcolleague,anewstudysuggestswhyyoumayactuallybewrong.Researchersfoundthatpeoplenaturallyassumetheyhavealltheinformationtheyneedtomakeadecisionorsupporttheirposition,evenwhentheydonot.Theresearcherscalleditthe“illusionofinformationadequacy”.(如果你驕傲地認為自己在與朋友或同事的分歧中是對的，一項新的研究揭示了為什么你實際上可能是錯的。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們很自然地認為自己掌握了做出決定或支持自己立場所需的所有信息，即使事實并非如此。研究人員稱之為“信息充足的錯覺”)”可知，“信息充足的錯覺”會讓人們很自然地認為自己掌握了做出決定或支持自己立場所需的所有信息。故選A項。【13題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Thefindingsshowedthatthetwogroupswhoreadhalfthestory—eitherjustthepro-mergingorjusttheanti-mergingarguments—stillbelievedtheyhadenoughinformationtomakeagooddecision.“Thosewithhalftheinformationactuallyshowgreatercertaintyintheirdecisiontomergeorremainseparatethanthosewhohadthecompletestory,”Fletchersaid.(研究結果表明，兩組只讀了一半故事的人——要么只讀了支持合并的觀點，要么只讀了反對合并的觀點——仍然認為他們有足夠的信息來做出正確的決定。弗萊徹說：“那些掌握了一半信息的人實際上比那些掌握了全部信息的人在決定合并或保持分離時表現(xiàn)出更大的確定性。”)”可推知，片面的信息閱讀者對決策更有信心。故選D項。【14題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thesediscoveriesenhanceourunderstandingofna?verealism,whereindividualsperceivetheirpersonalviewpointsasthefactualreality,asFletchernoted.Researchonna?verealismoftenfocusesonhowpeoplehavedifferentunderstandingsofthesamesituation.(這些發(fā)現(xiàn)增進了我們對天真現(xiàn)實主義的理解，即如弗萊徹所指出的，個體將其個人觀點視為事實真相。關于天真現(xiàn)實主義的研究通常關注人們如何對同一情境有不同的理解)”可知，天真現(xiàn)實主義指的是個人將他們的個人觀點視為事實現(xiàn)實，所以C項“一名司機堅稱，對方應負全部責任。”可以說明天真現(xiàn)實主義。故選C項。【15題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Yourfirstmovewhenyoudisagreewithsomeoneshouldbetothink,‘IstheresomethingthatI’mmissingthatwouldhelpmeseetheirperspectiveandunderstandtheirpositionbetter?””Fletchersaid,“That’sthewaytofightthisillusionofinformationadequacy.”(“當你不同意別人的觀點時，你的第一步應該是想，‘我是否遺漏了一些東西，可以幫助我更好地理解他們的觀點和立場？’”弗萊徹說，“這就是對抗信息充足錯覺的方法。”)”可知，弗萊徹建議思考被忽視的觀點。故選C項。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Whetherafriendhasbrokenupwiththeirlong-termpartner,acolleagueislosinghisjob,oralovedonehasbeendiagnosedwithahealthcondition,therearetimeswhenpeoplesharedifficultnewswithus.Wemaybeunsureabouthowbesttohelporfeelawkwardanduncomfortable.____16____ShowyoucareRuth,apsychologistatStonyBrookUniversity,recommendstryingtofindsomewherequiettohavetheconversationifpossible.____17____“Goodeyecontactandrelaxednon-verbalcues,suchasleaningforwardslightly,noddingandusingappropriatefacialexpressionsthatconveywarmthandempathycanputthepersonatease.Acknowledgingtheirfeelingsthroughstatementshelpspeoplefeelheard,”Ruthcontinues.AskwhattheyneedSometimespeopleneedtoletoffsteamandothertimestheywantsolutions,soit’sbesttoaskhowyoucansupportthem.Checkwhethertheywouldlikeadviceorjusttosharetheirexperience.Ruthsays,“____18____”____19____Accidentallywetendtounderstatetheperson’sexperiencewithcommentslike“____20____”Thiscaninvalidate(駁斥)theirfeelingsandexperiences.Ruthalsorecommendstryingtoavoidofferinguninvitedadvice,orpushingthepersonintoproblem-solvingbeforetheyfeelready.“Theymayalreadybeoverwhelmedandabarrageofpossibilitiesandsolutions,withoutagoodunderstandingofallthefactors,canbeunhelpfulandmakethepersonfeelunheard,”shesays.“Trytoavoidmakingyourselfthefocusoftheconversation,”addsRuth.A.Itcouldhavebeenworse.B.ItistheworstnewsI’veheard.C.Trynottominimizeormakeitaboutyou.D.Avoidlookingatyourphoneorotherdistractions.E.Listeningismorepowerfulthancomfortingwords.F.Here,welookatwhattodowhensomeonesharestheirdifficultnewswithyou.G.Askingcanofferthepersonasenseofbeingheardwhentheyfeeloverwhelmed.【答案】16.F17.D18.G19.C20.A【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要說明了當有人與你分享他們的壞消息時，你應該如何做，給出了一些具體的建議，如表現(xiàn)出關心、詢問對方需要什么、盡量不要輕描淡寫或把話題引到自己身上等。【16題詳析】設空位于首段段尾，應是起到點明本文主題，引出下文的作用，根據(jù)前文“Whetherafriendhasbrokenupwiththeirlong-termpartner,acolleagueislosinghisjob,oralovedonehasbeendiagnosedwithahealthcondition,therearetimeswhenpeoplesharedifficultnewswithus.Wemaybeunsureabouthowbesttohelporfeelawkwardanduncomfortable.(不管是朋友和長期伴侶分手了，同事失業(yè)了，還是愛人被診斷出患有疾病，總有一些時候人們會和我們分享不幸的消息。我們可能不確定如何最好地幫助或感到尷尬和不舒服)”可知，本文主題，應是有人和你分享不幸的消息時如何處理，所以F項“Here,welookatwhattodowhensomeonesharestheirdifficultnewswithyou.(在這里，我們來看看當有人和你分享他們艱難的消息時該怎么做)”符合文意，承接上文，點明主題。故選F項。【17題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Ruth,apsychologistatStonyBrookUniversity,recommendstryingtofindsomewherequiettohavetheconversationifpossible.(石溪大學的心理學家魯斯建議，如果可能的話，盡量找一個安靜的地方進行對話)”可知，D項“Avoidlookingatyourphoneorotherdistractions.(避免看手機或其他讓人分心的東西)”是對前文的進一步說明，符合文意。故選D項。【18題詳析】設空位于段尾，是對前文的總結，根據(jù)前文“Sometimespeopleneedtoletoffsteamandothertimestheywantsolutions,soit’sbesttoaskhowyoucansupportthem.Checkwhethertheywouldlikeadviceorjusttosharetheirexperience.(有時人們需要發(fā)泄，有時他們需要解決方案，所以最好問問你如何支持他們。看看他們是需要建議還是只是分享他們的經(jīng)驗)”可知，本段主要講述可以詢問對方的需求，所以G項“Askingcanofferthepersonasenseofbeingheardwhentheyfeeloverwhelmed.(當他們感到不知所措時，詢問可以給他們一種被傾聽的感覺)”是對前文的總結，符合本段主題。故選G項。【19題詳析】設空為本段小標題，根據(jù)后文“Ruthalsorecommendstryingtoavoidofferinguninvitedadvice,orpushingthepersonintoproblem-solvingbeforetheyfeelready.“Theymayalreadybeoverwhelmedandabarrageofpossibilitiesandsolutions,withoutagoodunderstandingofallthefactors,canbeunhelpfulandmakethepersonfeelunheard,”shesays.“Trytoavoidmakingyourselfthefocusoftheconversation,”addsRuth.(魯斯還建議，盡量避免主動提供未經(jīng)請求的建議，或者在對方還沒準備好之前就催促他們解決問題。她說：“他們可能已經(jīng)不知所措，而在沒有充分了解所有因素的情況下，一大堆可能性和解決方案可能會讓他們覺得無助，并感覺自己沒有被傾聽。”魯斯補充道：“盡量不要讓自己成為談話的焦點。”)”可知，本段主要講述不要在沒有充分了解所有因素的情況下，給出一大堆可能性和解決方案，或把話題引到自己身上。所以C項“Trynottominimizeormakeitaboutyou.(盡量不要輕描淡寫或把話題引到自己身上)”符合本段主題，為本段小標題。故選C項。【20題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Accidentallywetendtounderstatetheperson’sexperiencewithcommentslike(我們無意中傾向于低估別人的經(jīng)歷，比如)”可知，空處應是針對低估別人的經(jīng)歷這件事，進行舉例，所以A項“Itcouldhavebeenworse.(本來可能更糟)”符合此處主題，是對前文的舉例。故選A項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。It’salwaysdarkestbeforedawn.Althoughdawnpromiseslight,itbringssomepain.StandinginfrontofUnsicht-Bar,Iwashalf-readyformysensestobe____21____astheyhadadvertised,thoughIfeltsomewhatuncertainaboutwhatwouldhappennext.Iwasn’tleft____22____forlongwhenawaiterarrivedand____23____metofollowhimthroughtheentrance.DiningintheDarkisaconceptthat____24____aninnovativediningexperience,enhancingsensorystimulationforguests,withprovidingjobsforvisually____25____individuals.Lightsout,darknessfelluponme.Intheabsenceofsight,thefamiliartransformedintothe____26____.Ittookmeseveral____27____tofinallylocatemyglass.Celebratingthat____28____,Ididn’trealizekeepingitfromspilling(溢出)wasevenharder.Oftenempty-forked,Iknewitwastimeformyhandstotakeover,soI____29____myhandsforfoodasiftodrinkfromastream.Thefoodwassimilarly____30____inmystery(神秘).Withmy____31____gone,mysenseofsmellfailed,andthetasteoffooddidn’tdelivertheexpected____32____experience.Theexperiencehighlightsmyinabilitytocopewithsightlessness,whichgoesbeyonddailytaskslikediningormaking____33____soundswhenwalkingonthepavementto____34____danger.I’mgratefultohavethis____35____experiencewithblindindividuals.21.A.praised B.heightened C.lowered D.recovered22.A.weeping B.talking C.running D.wondering23.A.ordered B.forced C.signaled D.persuaded24.A.illustrates B.describes C.combines D.contrasts25.A.challenged B.engaging C.enhanced D.pleasing26.A.unknown B.unrest C.unconscious D.unfortunate27.A.thoughts B.items C.attempts D.successes28.A.victory B.diversity C.liberty D.anniversary29.A.washed B.cupped C.shook D.clapped30.A.absorbed B.invested C.occupied D.blanketed31.A.enthusiasm B.trust C.wealth D.vision32.A.time-consuming B.mind-blowing C.pain-relieving D.risk-taking33.A.clicking B.documented C.agreeable D.elegant34.A.giveriseto B.losetrackof C.keepclearof D.getusedto35.A.extensive B.shared C.previous D.abnormal【答案】21.B22.D23.C24.C25.A26.A27.C28.A29.B30.D31.D32.B33.A34.C35.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章記敘了作者在Unsicht-Bar（一家黑暗餐廳）的一次特別的在黑暗中用餐的經(jīng)歷。【21題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：站在Unsicht-Bar前，我已經(jīng)準備好了像他們宣傳的那樣提高我的感覺，盡管我對接下來會發(fā)生什么感到有些不確定。A.praised贊揚；B.heightened加強，提高；C.lowered降低；D.recovered恢復。根據(jù)后文“DiningintheDarkisaconceptthat

_____

aninnovativediningexperience,enhancingsensorystimulationforguests”可知，此處是指在黑暗中看不見的情況下用餐使其他感覺得到增強。故選B項。【22題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：沒等我想多久，一個服務員來了，示意我跟著他穿過入口。A.weeping哭泣；B.talking談話；C.running跑步；D.wondering想知道，琢磨，好奇。根據(jù)前文“Ifeltsomewhatuncertainaboutwhatwouldhappennext”可知，作者對接下來會發(fā)生什么感到有些不確定，作者沒有琢磨多長時間，服務員來了。故選D項。【23題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：沒等我想多久，一個服務員來了，示意我跟著他穿過入口。A.ordered命令；B.forced強迫；C.signaled發(fā)信號，示意；D.persuaded勸說。根據(jù)后文“tofollowhimthroughtheentrance”結合選項可知，此處應是“服務員示意我跟著他穿過入口”。故選C項。【24題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“DiningintheDark”是一個概念，它將創(chuàng)新的用餐體驗、增強客人的感官刺激以及為視覺障礙人士提供工作機會相結合。A.illustrates說明；B.describes描述；C.combines結合；D.contrasts對比。根據(jù)后文“aninnovativediningexperience,enhancingsensorystimulationforguests,withprovidingjobsforvisually_____individuals.”可知，此處指“DiningintheDark”這一概念是將創(chuàng)新的用餐體驗、增強客人的感官刺激以及為視覺障礙人士提供工作機會相結合。故選C項。【25題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“DiningintheDark”是一個概念，它將為視覺障礙人士提供工作機會與一種創(chuàng)新的用餐體驗相結合，為客人增強感官刺激。A.challenged傷殘的，（生理或精神狀況）有障礙的；B.engaging吸引人的；C.enhanced提高的；D.pleasing令人愉快的。根據(jù)后文“I’mgratefultohavethis_______experiencewithblindindividuals.”可知，此處指為盲人提供工作機會，也就是視覺障礙人士。故選A項。【26題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在看不見的情況下，熟悉的東西變成了未知的東西。A.unknown未知的事物；B.unrest動蕩；C.unconscious無意識；D.unfortunate不幸的人。根據(jù)前文“