細菌生長繁殖的規律主講老師：王利沙ThelawsofbacterialgrowthandreproductionWeifangNursingVocationalCollege濰坊護理職業學院細菌個體的生長繁殖規律Thegrowthandreproductionpatternsofindividualbacteria

二分裂：

核質DNA復制，細胞成分增加，

胞體增大，細胞開始分裂。

Twosplits:

NuclearcytoplasmicDNAreplicationleads

toanincreaseincellularcomponents,

enlargementofthecellbody,andinitiation

ofcelldivision.

核質DNANucleocytoplasmicDNADNA復制

DNAreplication細胞伸長

Cellelongation形成隔膜Formadiaphragm分裂成兩個子細胞Splitintotwodaughtercells

代時：細菌分裂倍增的時間。

Generationtime:thetimewhenbacteria

divideandmultiply.

將一定數量的細菌接種于適宜的液體培養基中培養，

間隔一定時間取樣檢測活菌數，繪制細菌的生長曲線。

Inoculateacertainnumberofbacteriaintoasuitableliquidculturemediumforcultivation,

take

samplesatregularintervalstodetectthenumberofviablebacteria,andplotthegrowth

curveofthebacteria.遲緩期Delayedperiod

細菌不分裂，菌數不增加，代謝活躍為細菌的分裂做準備。Bacteriadonotdivide,thenumberofbacteriadoesnotincrease,andmetabolicactivitypreparesforbacterialdivision.對數期Logarithmicperiod細菌生長繁殖迅速，形態、染色性、生物活性都很典型。

Bacteriagrowandreproducerapidly,withtypicalmorphology,staining,andbiologicalactivity.穩定期Stableperiod細菌繁殖速度下降，繁殖數和死亡數趨于平衡，產生芽胞和代謝產物。Thespeedofbacterialreproductiondecreases,andthenumberofreproductionanddeathtendstobalance,producingsporesandmetabolites.衰退期Declineperiod細菌繁殖速度變慢，死亡數>繁殖數，菌體畸變。Thespeedofbacterialreproductionslowsdown,thenumberofdeathsexceedsthenumberofreproduction,andthebacterialcellsbecomedistorted.觀察細菌的形態、代謝、遺傳性狀和測定藥物或環境因素對細菌的影響，宜采用對數生長末期的細菌；Observingthemorphology,metabolism,genetictraitsofbacteriaanddeterminingtheeffectsofdrugsorenvironmentalfactorsonbacteria,itisadvisabletousebacteriaattheendoflogarithmicgrowth.計數細菌的最大生長量，應采用穩定期的培養物。Themaximumgrowthrateofbacteriashouldbecountedusingstableculture.研究意義Researchmeaning細菌生長曲線只有在體外人工培養的條件下才能觀察到。Thebacterialgrowthcurvecanonlybeobservedunderartificialcultivationconditionsinvitro.注意Note在自然界或人類、動物體內，細菌的生長繁殖情況復雜，并不存在典型的生長曲線。Thegrowthandreproductionof