PAGE1-課時分層作業(十六)Ⅰ.單詞拼法1．Smokingandalcoholdrinkinginjureone'shealthagreatdeal，andtherefore(因此)shouldbegivenup.2．Floodingislikelyinsomecoastalregion(地區)ofthenortheastduringtheearlypartoftheweek.3．Weplanttreeseveryyearsoastoprotectthesoil(土壤)onthehill.4．Thiskindofstampisdesigned(設計)bysomestudentswhoarelearningartatouruniversity.5．You'dbetterpracticeswimminginashallow(淺的)pool.6．Fishandchips，oftenwrapped(包)inapieceofpaper，arestillafavouriteamongEnglishdiners.7．Asisknowntousall，therarevasedatesbacktotheMingDynasty(朝代)．8．Ahealthysoilreducesdiseaseandhelpscrops(作物)growstrongandhealthy.Ⅱ.閱讀理解ASpringliftsourspirits.It'satimeforNaturetobringusbacktolifeafteracoldseason.IlivenotfarfromtheKairakuPark，whichisoneofthelargestgardensinJapan，andfamousforitsnearly1,000plum(梅子)trees.Iamfortunatetohavethemalloutsidemybackyard(后院)，andtakeadvantageofthewalkingpathsdaily.Iseethesametreesandswans(天鵝)everyday，butthatdaywasdifferent.Attheedgeofthesmalllake，Isawsomenew-bornblackswans.Theywereprettyandcute.Theystayedwiththeirmom.Whiletakingafewphotosofthesunset，Iwasinterrupted(打斷)byahighsoundgoingonforsometime.So，Iturnedaroundandsawonelittleswanwasstuckbytwostones.Itsmotherwastryingtomakeitoutbutfailed.Itriedtogetnearbutthemotherwaseversoangry!Shewouldn'tallowmetogetclose，soIturnedtoanoldmansittingonthebench.Hehelpedmeandshooedthemotherawaywithaneffort.Iwasabletogetthereandpushthelittleswanoutofthegap.Oh，Ireallyhopeditwasn'tinjured，butatleastitwasaliveandswimming!Inspring，Ibecomemorephysicallyactive.Thingsarounddon'tmakeus，butNaturedoes，anditkeepsusgoing.Iampositivethatallofushavealittlepieceofnatureinourownneighborhoods；Somewherewewillberemindedwhynaturallifeissoimportant—becausewegrowwithit!Personally，Iamhappythatbabybirdscanputasmileonmyface!Istruggleforhavingasmallnumberof“things”inlife，andbeingfilledwithsimplereality—atonewithNature.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。作者居住在日本聞名的KairakuPark旁邊，她酷愛大自然，有一天漫步的時候救助了一只小天鵝。1．WhatcanweknowabouttheauthorfromParagraph1?A．Herfavoriteseasonisspring.B．Sheenjoysdoingoutdoorsports.C．Herbackyardisfilledwithplumtrees.D．Sheissatisfiedwithherlivingenvironment.D[推理推斷題。依據第一段“whichisoneofthelargestgardens...Iamfortunatetohavethem...takeadvantageofthewalkingpathsdaily.”可推知，作者很滿足自己的居住環境。]2．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“shooedthemotheraway”inParagraph3mean?A．Fedthemother.B．Droveawaythemother.C．Helpedthemothercalmdown.D．Pushedthemotheroutofthegap.B[詞義揣測題。依據其次段“Itriedtogetnearbutthemother...soIturnedtoanoldmansittingonthebench.”以及第三段“Hehelpedme...Iwasabletogetthereandpushthelittleswanoutofthegap.”可知是老人把天鵝媽媽趕開了，作者才能過去把小天鵝推出縫隙。]3．Whatmakesusmorephysicallyactiveaccordingtotheauthor?A．Nature. B．Kindness.C．Thegarden. D．Thethingsaround.A[細微環節理解題。依據最終一段“Inspring，Ibecomemorephysicallyactive.Thingsarounddon'tmakeus，butNaturedoes...”可知，是自然使得作者更活躍。]BTheLifecycleofaT-shirtWeallprobablyhavealotofT-shirts，butdoyoueverstopandthinkabouttheinfluenceofaT-shirtontheplanet?You'dprobablybesurprisedtolearnwhat'sinvolvedinthelifecycleofjustoneT-shirt.Thereare5majorstages：material，production，shipping，useanddisposal.Thematerialstageinvolvesfarming，irrigating，fertilizing，harvestingandginning(軋花)．Whilecottonisanaturalfiber(纖維)andnotasharmfultotheenvironmentasmanmadefibers，itstilltakesatollinthematerialandproductionstages.Commercialcottonfarmingusesalargeamountofwater，andtheuseofpesticides(殺蟲劑)iswidespreadacrosstheglobe，especiallyincottonfarming.Studieshaveshownthatfarmersspendaround$4.1billiononpesticidesannually，ofwhich25%wasspentoncottoncropsintheUS.Oncethecottonisgrownandharvested，sobeginstheproductionstage：spinning，knitting(編織)，bleaching，dyeing，cutting，sewing，etc.—theseprocessesalsouseagreatdealofwaterandenergy.Commercialdyesandbleachesareharmfulpollutantsandcaneventuallypollutegroundwater.AftertheT-shirtisproduced，itentersthetransportationstage.Thisofteninvolvesoverseasshipping.Takealookinyourcloset.Chancesarethatmostofyourcottongarments(衣服)aremadeinChinaorIndia.Garmentscanbeshippedviaplane，shiportruck...，allofwhichspillCO2intotheatmosphere.CalculationsshowthatCO2emissionsfromlighttrucksaloneamountto1.15poundspermile.OncetheT-shirtreachestheretailmarket，itispurchased.Thisstagemayseemliketheleastenvironmentallydamagingpart.Butconsiderthenumberoftimesyou'vewashedanddriedyourfavoriteT-shirt.Washingmachinesarecertainlybecomingmoreefficient.However，theaverageAmericanhouseholddoes400loadsoflaundryperyear，usingabout40gallonsofwaterperload.Suchexcessivewateruseiscombinedwiththelargeamountofenergyusedbydryers.Thefinalstageofitslifeisdisposal.Thisreleasesharmfulemissions，orinvolvesalandfillwherecottontakesyearstobreakdown.CurrentUSrecordsshowthatanestimated15%ofclothesandshoesarerecycled，whichmeansthatconsumerssendashocking85%ofthesematerialstolandfills.Weallneednewclotheseveryonceinawhile，butlet'salltrytokeepinmindwhatgoesintotheproductionofclothing...Ithasarealimpactontheplanet.Therearealotofthingsyoucandotohelpreduceyourimpact.Reuseandrecycleclothes.Ifthey'retoowornouttowear，cutthemupandusethemascleaningrags.Donatethemtocharityoranotherorganizationthatrecyclestextiles.Whenpossible，makeanefforttobuyorganiccotton.Turndownthethermostat(恒溫器)onyourwasher，andlinedryyourclotheswhentheweatherwillallowit.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過介紹T恤從原材料生產到運輸，再到運用以及處理的過程中對環境造成的危害，呼吁人們要從自身穿衣起先為環保做貢獻。4．Theunderlinedphrase“takesatoll”probablymeans“”A．wasteswater B．takesalotoftimeC．usesenergy D．hasabadeffectD[詞義理解題。依據文章其次段開頭可知，一件T恤要經驗五個步驟：原材料，生產，運輸，運用和處理，原材料的生產階段又包括播種，澆灌，施肥，收獲和軋棉這幾步。再依據第三句“Whilecottonisanaturalfiber(纖維)andnotasharmfultotheenvironmentasmanmadefibers，itstilltakesatollinthematerialandproductionstages.”可知，雖然棉花是自然纖維，不像人造纖維一樣對環境有害。可知下面講的是棉花對環境也有影響。]5．WecanlearnfromthepassagethatintheUS，.A．pesticidesincottonfarmingcostover4billiondollarseveryyearB．CO2emissionsoflandtransportamountto1.15poundspermileC．about15%oftheclothesandshoesaremadeofmaterialsthatarerecycledD．about16,000gallonsofwaterisusedannuallybyanaveragefamilyonlaundryD[細微環節理解題。依據第五段“However，theaverageAmericanhouseholddoes400loadsoflaundryperyear，usingabout40gallonsofwaterperload.”可知，每年一個美國家庭平均要洗400次衣服，每次要用大約40加侖水，所以40×400＝16,000加侖。]6．Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage?A．Theproductionprocessmayaffectwatersafety.B．TheclothingcostisrelativelylowinChinaandIndia.C．Cottonclothesareburiedbecausetheyarehardtobreakdown.D．Theusestageistheleastenvironmentallyharmfulofthefivestages.A[推理推斷題。依據文章第三段“...theseprocessesalsouseagreatdealofwaterandenergy.Commercialdyesandbleachesareharmfulpollutantsandcaneventuallypollutegroundwater.”可知，生產過程費水費電。而印染原料和漂白劑是有害的污染物，會嚴峻污染地下水。]7．Whatisthepurposeofthisarticle?A．Toencouragepeopletodonateclothestocharity.B．Topromoteeco-friendlyactionsrelatedtoclothes.C．Topersuadepeopletopurchasemoreorganiccotton.D．Tointroducethefivestagesinthelifecycleofclothing.B[寫作意圖題。依據文章最終一段第一句“Therearealotofthingsyoucandotohelpreduceyourimpact.”可知，本文主旨是列舉許多我們可以做的環保的事情。所以文章的寫作意圖是提高人們的環保意識，為環保做出自己的貢獻。]Ⅲ.閱讀七選五OneofthemostimportantdecisionsanAmericanparenthastomakeiswheretoplacehisorherchildintoschool.Itisthesecondmostimportantdecisionyouwillmakeasaparent，apartfromdecidingtohavechildreninthefirstplace.1Soparentsmustthinktwicebeforemakingachoice.2Someofthesepointsarehavingastrongteacherandchildrelationship，ensuringtheschoolyouchooseisskillfulinMathandEnglishstudies，andpickingaschoolyourchildiscomfortablewith.Theconnectionbetweenachildandateacherismoreimportantthananycourse.Thinkofitthisway：your3or4-year-oldisusedtobeingaroundbylovingpeoplelikeparentsorbrothersandsistersallovertheday，andtheschoolisyourchild'sfirsttimetospendalargeamountofhisdayawayfromthosepeople.3Heorshetakesprideinhisorherstudents'progress，andisalwaysopentotheirimprovement.EnglishandMathabilityisthekeytoasuccessfulacademic(學術的)career.4Pickaschoolthathasshownaperfecthistoryofstudentacademicsuccessinthesesubjects.Ifaschoolisgoodatteachingthesebasicskills，thenthereisagoodchancethatyourchildwillbenefitfromit.Anotherthingtorememberisthechildren'sfeelings.Childrenaremoreperceptive(感知