考點15初中語態(tài)基本考點動詞的語態(tài)是表示句子主語與謂語動詞之間關(guān)系的一種動詞形式。英語中的動詞語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示的主語是動作的執(zhí)行者或發(fā)出者，被動語態(tài)表示的主語是動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)是中考中的必考內(nèi)容之一，其中考查的重點是一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時和含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。考向一：被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be+動詞的過去分詞各種時態(tài)的主動、被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)如下表（以動詞do為例）時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時do/doesam/is/are+done一般過去時didwas/were+done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/are+doingam/is/are+beingdone現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+donehave/has+beendone一般將來時will/shall/begoingto+dowill/shall/begoingto+bedone過去進(jìn)行時Was/were+doingwas/were+beingdone過去完成時had+donehad+beendone過去將來時would/should/begoingto+dowould/should/begoingto+bedone含有情態(tài)動詞can/may/must+docan/may/must+bedone課堂練習(xí)：根據(jù)要求改寫句子1.TheheadmasterpraisedBenforhishonesty.(改為被動語態(tài)）Benforhishonestytheheadmaster.2.Thefiremenareusinglongladdersforrescuingpeopleintallbuildings.(改為被動語態(tài))Longladdersforrescuingpeopleintallbuildingsbythefiremen.3.MotherwillbuyJackanewshirt.(改為被動語態(tài)）AnewshirtJackbyMother.4.Youhadbettertakethewoundedsoldierstohospitalatonce.(改為被動語態(tài)）Thewoundedsoldiershadbettertohospitalatonce.5.Theadultstellthechildrennottoswiminthatdeepriver.(改為被動語態(tài)）Thechildrennottoswiminthatdeepriver.6.CansomeagedChineseunderstandRussian?(改為被動語態(tài)）CanbysomeagedChinese?7.Thebossmadetheemployeesworktenhoursaday.(改為被動語態(tài)）Theemployeesweremadetenhoursaday.8.Wholooksafterthechildreninthekindergarten?(改為被動語態(tài)）Bythechildrenafterinthekindergarten?.9.TheSpringFestivaliswelcomedbytheChineseallovertheworld.(改為主動語態(tài))TheChineseallovertheworldtheSpringFestival.10.Thepriceofmeathasrisenfromtenyuantofifteenyuanrecently.(保持原句意思)Thepriceofmeatfromtenyuantofifteenyuanrecently.考向二：被動語態(tài)的句法功能1.當(dāng)不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時。e.g.:Japaneseistaughtinthatschool.(類似warmingup中的“飯吃過了”，英漢說話習(xí)慣的相似性)2.當(dāng)需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者而不是執(zhí)行者時。e.g.:Herbookwillbebroughttomorrowmorning.看圖學(xué)知識，來發(fā)揮你的潛力吧，找到主動變被動語態(tài)的小技巧！！總結(jié)：上面例句的小規(guī)律：△主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的方法：主動語態(tài)：主語+謂語動詞+賓語（執(zhí)行者）（承受者）被動語態(tài)：主語+be+過去分詞（+by+執(zhí)行者）（承受者）一般省略當(dāng)堂練習(xí)：用所給動詞的適當(dāng)時態(tài)和語態(tài)填空。1. Children(notallow)toplayfrighteninggames.2. Atlastthetwopictures(hang)sidebyside.3. TheGreatWall(know)bypeopleallovertheworld.4. Allthebuildings(turn)intohospitalsrecently.5. Howlongcanthesemagazines(keep)?6. Thevegetables(plant)inthefieldsnextweek.7. Thesoldierwasveryillwhenhe(operate)onbyDr.Bethune.8. Thepasswordofyouremailboxshould (memorize). .9. Liquidscan(turn)intogasesiftheirtemperatures(make)hotenough.10. Thenextmorningthey (find)thatsometrees(blow)downduringthenight.考向三：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換1.主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)=1\*GB3①要將主動句里的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳渲械闹髡Z，若主動句中的賓語是人稱代詞，要將賓格變成主格。=2\*GB3②把主動句中的主語變?yōu)楸粍泳渲械馁e語，主格代詞變成賓格代詞，并由by引導(dǎo)。=3\*GB3③謂語動詞變成相應(yīng)的被動形式。WeaskedhimtosinganEnglishsong.HewasaskedtosinganEnglishsongbyus.主動語態(tài)：動作執(zhí)行者+謂語動詞主動形式+動作承受者被動語態(tài)：動作承受者+謂語動詞被動形式+動作執(zhí)行者6．帶雙賓語的謂語動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)=1\*GB3①謂語動詞帶雙賓語時，既可以將間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語，也可以將直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語；=2\*GB3②若將間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語，則保留直接賓語；=3\*GB3③若將直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語則保留間接賓語，且在被保留的間接賓語前加上介詞to或for；Shegavemeabook.(變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài))Iwasgivenabookbyher.（間接賓語me改為了主語）Abookwasgiventomebyher.（直接賓語abook改為了主語）3.動詞短語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)許多由不及物動詞和介詞、副詞構(gòu)成的動詞短語相當(dāng)于及物動詞，可以有賓語，也可以有被動語態(tài)動詞短語是一個不可分割的整體，在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，不可丟掉構(gòu)成動詞短語的介詞或副詞。Weshouldspeaktooldmenpolitely.Oldmenshouldbespokentopolitely.4.帶賓語補(bǔ)足語的被動語態(tài)賓語后若有賓補(bǔ)，變被動語態(tài)時，只把賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，賓語補(bǔ)足語保留在原處，成為主語補(bǔ)足語。IheardJaneplayingthepianoinherroom.Janewasheardplayingthepianoinherroom.5.變被動語態(tài)后動詞形式的選擇主動句中的感官動詞see,hear,watch,feel,notice等，及使役動詞let,make,have等后跟省略to的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，應(yīng)加上不定式符號to.Hemakesthegirlstayathome.Thegirlismadetostayathomebyhim.備注：一感二聽三讓四看，變被動還原to.例題講解：【例1】Manyaccidents__

bycarelessdriverslastyear.A.arecaused

B.werecausedC.havecaused

D.willcause【例2】Drivingafterdrinkingwine

inChina.

A.allows

B.doesn'tallow

C.isallowed

D.isn'tallowed【例3】Manytreesandflowers________inourcityeveryyear.A.planted

B.areplanted

C.wereplanted

D.plants1．（2021·上海浦東新·二模）Earlyrobots________todosimplethingsinfactories,butnowtheyhaveenteredourlife.A．werebuilt B．built C．build D．a(chǎn)rebuilding2．（2021·上海金山·九年級階段練習(xí)）Theancientbuildingispartofthecity’shistory.It________duringtheMingDynasty.A．wasbuilt B．builds C．isbuilt D．built3．（2022·上海奉賢·九年級期中）Theflowers_______often.A．mustbewater B．mustbewatered C．mustwatered D．mustwater4．（2022·上海松江·二模）Theexhibition________tillnextweekiftheycan’tsolvethelightingproblems.A．hasputoff B．willputoff C．hasbeenputoff D．willbeputoff5．（2022·上海寶山·二模）Look,thepapertigerlooksverylovely.It________bymygrandfatherjustnow.A．made B．ismade C．hasbeenmade D．wasmade6．（2022·上海·九年級單元測試）Allparentswill________tocomeandseeTheWrongTrousers,ourEnglish-languageplay.A．a(chǎn)reinvited B．invited C．beinvited D．invite7．（2022·上海嘉定·模擬預(yù)測）Jennyisaresponsibleperson.She________astheleaderofourteamafewdaysago.A．chooses B．chose C．ischosen D．waschosen8．（2022·上海·九年級期中）ProfessorYiZhongtian________tothetalkshowonCCTV-1lastweekend.A．invites B．invited C．invite D．wasinvited9．（2022·上海·九年級期末）Nick________ajobinabank,buthedidn’ttakeit.A．isoffered B．offered C．wasoffered D．hasoffered10．（2022·上海·九年級期中）—________anEnglishcontest________inNo.1HighSchoolnextFridayevening?—Yes,itwill.A．Will;hold B．Will;beheld C．Does;hold D．Does;beheld11．（2022·上海·九年級期中）English_________widely_________intheworld.A．is;spoken B．a(chǎn)re;spoken C．is;speaking D．a(chǎn)re;speaking12．（2022·上海黃浦·二模）Lastmonth,theworld’slargesteverreportintoclimatechange________byIPCC．A．isreleased B．wasreleased C．hasbeenreleased D．willbereleased13．（2022·上海·九年級單元測試）Thesewindows________.Nowtheyareveryclean.A．werewashed B．willbewashed C．havebeenwashed D．a(chǎn)rewashed14．（2022·上海長寧·二模）TheNationalCartoonExhibition________inShanghaieveryyearforfansofallages.A．isheld B．washeld C．hasbeenheld D．willbeheld15．（2022·上海·模擬預(yù)測）Highschoolstudentsarerequired________partinthevolunteerprojecteveryterm.A．take B．taking C．took D．totake16．（2022·上海普陀·一模）Ifeveryoneputsinmoreeffort,thetasks________infivedays.A．werefinished B．a(chǎn)refinishedC．havebeenfinished D．willbefinished17．（2022·上海·模擬預(yù)測）Ahigh-techship________aftertheMayflowerthatsetsailfromPlymouthin1620.A．names B．named C．benamed D．wasnamed18．（2022·上海·一模）Soonthefiremenarrivedatthescene,andtheoldmaninthefire________atlast.A．wassaved B．saved C．hassaved D．hasbeensaved19．（2022·上海·二模）Itwassaidthatenoughmoney________forthechildrenintheearthquakearea.A．raised B．willraise C．wasraised D．hasraised20．（2022·上海嘉定·一模）Worriesinlifeifyouspeakouttoyourclosefriend.A．willreduce B．werereducingC．willbereduced D．werereduced21．（2022·上海市曹楊中學(xué)附屬學(xué)校模擬預(yù)測）Greatprogress________instudyingthenewmedicineforcancer(癌癥)recently.A．willbemade B．ismadeC．hasbeenmade D．wasmade22．（2021·上海松江·二模）Twowideroads_________inthatsmallmountainvillageinthepasttwoyears.A．werebuilt B．a(chǎn)rebuilt C．havebeenbuilt D．hadbeenbuilt23．（2021·上海嘉定·二模）Thestudents_______intosixgroupsforgroupdiscussionjustnow.A．divided B．havedivided C．havebeendivided D．weredivided24．（2021·上海普陀·二模）Nextweekaboutsixnewdishes________bythecoolsinourrestaurant.A．wascreated B．iscreated C．hasbeencreate D．willbecreated25．（2021·上海金山·二模）Finland_______thehappiestcountryintheworldthelastfouryears.A．hasnamed B．hasbeennamed C．named D．wasnamed26．（2022·上海·模擬預(yù)測）TheEnglishexam________twoparts,________objectiveitem（客觀題）andsubjectiveitem（主觀題）.Pleasecompleteeachpartcarefully.A．dividesinto;includes B．dividedinto;includingC．isdividedinto;included D．isdividedinto;including27．（2022·上海·模擬預(yù)測）—CanIgointothemeetingroomnow?—Ofcourse,ifyou________.A．invite B．a(chǎn)reinviting C．wereinvited D．willbeinvited28．（2022·上海·模擬預(yù)測）TheMonkeyKingisatraditionalChinesecartoonhero.Todayhe________still________bypeopleofallages.A．is;loved B．was;loved C．will;beloved D．will;love29．（2022·上海·模擬預(yù)測）NowChinesecouples________tohavethreechildrentoreducethepressureofanagingpopulation.A．encourage B．encouraged C．a(chǎn)reencouraged D．wereencouraged30．（2022·上海·模擬預(yù)測）Breaking(霹靂舞),moreofanartformthanasport,________intheParisOlympicGames!A．willsee B．isseen C．saw D．willbeseen31．（2022·上海·模擬預(yù)測）Therubbish________fromthegrass,andthenthecampsitewascleanagain.A．removed B．isremoved C．wasremoved D．beremoved32．（2022·上海寶山·一模）Nowadays,thecitizensinShanghai________todividethewastefromdailylifeintofourdifferentgroups.A．required B．a(chǎn)rerequired C．require D．a(chǎn)rerequiring33．（2022·上海虹口·一模）Anewfactory________todealwithwaterpollutionlastmonth.A．wasbuilt B．willbebuilt C．hasbeenbuilt D．hasbuilt34．（2022·上海長寧·一模）Inthepastseveralmonthsanewcommunitypark________andwillbeopentothepublicsoon.A．isbuilt B．wasbuilt C．hasbeenbuilt D．willbebuilt35．（2022·上海·一模）ItissaidChinaInternationalImportExpo_________inShanghailastyear.A．washeld B．a(chǎn)reheld C．hasbeenheld D．hadbeenheld36．（2021·上海黃浦·九年級期中）TheNobelPrizeforLiteraturethisyear________toanAfricanwriter,Abdulrazak,whichturnsouttobeabigsurprise.A．wasawarded B．hasawarded C．willaward D．willbeawarded37．（2021·上海市進(jìn)才中學(xué)北校九年級期中）Manychildrendon’tknowthatwood________paper.A．usedtomake B．isusedtomake C．isusedtomaking D．a(chǎn)reusedfor38．（2021·上海奉賢·二模）Thestudents________totakepartintheShanghaiYouthScienceIdeasandPracticeChallenge.A．a(chǎn)reencouraging B．a(chǎn)reencouraged C．haveencouraged D．willencourage39．（2021·上海楊浦·二模）Peoplecomefromallovertoourvillagetoseeviewsthatcannot_______anywhereelse.A．enjoy B．beenjoyed C．a(chǎn)reenjoyed D．beenjoying40．（2021·上海市民辦新復(fù)興初級中學(xué)九年級期中）Whenthesun_______inthemorning,ournationalflag_______.A．israised.willberaised B．rises,willberisenC．rises,willberaised D．israised,willrise1．（2011·上海·中考真題）Anofficial_____bysomereportersonfoodproblemsinShanghaiyesterday.A．isinterviewing B．isinterviewed C．wasinterviewing D．wasinterviewed2．（2022·遼寧朝陽·中考真題）It’ssaidthattea__________byaccidentaboutfivethousandyearsago.A．wasinvented B．isinvented C．willbeinvented D．wereinvented3．（2022·廣西·中考真題）Chinese_________bymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.A．speak B．speaks C．isspeaking D．isspoken4．（2022·遼寧遼寧·中考真題）Fivemoreclubs________nextweektomakeourschoolliferichandcolorful.A．setup B．a(chǎn)resetup C．willbesetup D．weresetup5．（2022·遼寧營口·中考真題）Aspeechonrobots________intheschoolhallnextFridayafternoon.A．isgiven B．willbegivenC．wasgiven D．hasbeengiven6．（2022·遼寧盤錦·中考真題）It’ssaidthattea_________forthefirsttimeabout5,000yearsago.A．drinks B．drank C．isdrunk D．wasdrunk7．（2022·山東濱州·中考真題）The24thWinterOlympics________inBeijingandZhangjiakouin2022,fromFebruary4thto20th.A．held B．washeld C．willbeheld D．hasbeenheld8．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特·中考真題）Thesecond“TiangongLecture”kickedoff!BingDwenDwen________ateachingtool!A．isusedfor B．wasusedfor C．isusedas D．wasusedas9．（2012·上海·中考真題）I'msurethatstricterrolestocontrolcigarettesmoking______verysoon.A．made B．willmake C．weremade D．willbemade10．（2017·上海·中考真題）（2017?上海中考）Themuseum____________nextmonthtocelebratetheScience&TechnologyFestival.A．isdecorated B．willdecorate C．isdecorating D．willbedecorated11．（2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·中考真題）It’salongtime!Ican’trememberwhenthispicture_______inJinshanPark.A．wastaken B．takes C．istaken D．took12．（2022·廣西貴港·中考真題）—People________totaketheirtemperaturesbeforetheygointothesupermarketduringtheCOVID-19pandemic(新冠疫情).—Ithinkit’sagoodwaytoprotectourselves.A．a(chǎn)reasking B．a(chǎn)reasked C．a(chǎn)sked D．a(chǎn)sk13．（2022·北京·中考真題）Onourfarm,thetealeaves________byhandwhentheyareready.A．pick B．picked C．a(chǎn)repicked D．werepicked14．（2022·江蘇徐州·中考真題）I________byaliensonmywayhometheotherday.Doyoubelieveme?A．haveattacked B．wasattacked C．wasattacking D．a(chǎn)mattacked15．（2022·貴州銅仁·中考真題）—Mum,couldIwatchthemovieTheBattleatChangjinLaketonight?—Ofcourse,ifyourhomework______.A．finishes B．finished C．wasfinished D．isfinished16．（2022·貴州畢節(jié)·中考真題）TheForbiddenCity(紫禁城),thelargestpalaceintheworld,________morethan600yearsago.A．built B．werebuilt C．wasbuiltup D．wasbuilding17．（2022·廣西賀州·中考真題）Aftertheboy’shomework________,hewentouttoplay.A．finished B．finishes C．wasfinished D．isfinished18．（2019·上海·中考真題）Worriesinlifeifyouspeakouttoyourclosefriend.A．willreduce B．werereducingC．willbereduced D．werereduced19．（2015·上海·中考真題）Over$30,000______forachildren’shospitalbyaBritishgirlseveralmonthsago.A．israised B．wasraisedC．willberaised D．hasbeenraised20．（2022·四川雅安·中考真題）The24thWinterOlympicGames________inFebruary,2022,Beijing.A．hold B．held C．isheld D．washeld考點15初中語態(tài)基本考點動詞的語態(tài)是表示句子主語與謂語動詞之間關(guān)系的一種動詞形式。英語中的動詞語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示的主語是動作的執(zhí)行者或發(fā)出者，被動語態(tài)表示的主語是動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)是中考中的必考內(nèi)容之一，其中考查的重點是一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時和含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。考向一：被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be+動詞的過去分詞各種時態(tài)的主動、被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)如下表（以動詞do為例）時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時do/doesam/is/are+done一般過去時didwas/were+done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/are+doingam/is/are+beingdone現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+donehave/has+beendone一般將來時will/shall/begoingto+dowill/shall/begoingto+bedone過去進(jìn)行時Was/were+doingwas/were+beingdone過去完成時had+donehad+beendone過去將來時would/should/begoingto+dowould/should/begoingto+bedone含有情態(tài)動詞can/may/must+docan/may/must+bedone課堂練習(xí)：根據(jù)要求改寫句子1.TheheadmasterpraisedBenforhishonesty.(改為被動語態(tài)）Benforhishonestytheheadmaster.2.Thefiremenareusinglongladdersforrescuingpeopleintallbuildings.(改為被動語態(tài))Longladdersforrescuingpeopleintallbuildingsbythefiremen.3.MotherwillbuyJackanewshirt.(改為被動語態(tài)）AnewshirtJackbyMother.4.Youhadbettertakethewoundedsoldierstohospitalatonce.(改為被動語態(tài)）Thewoundedsoldiershadbettertohospitalatonce.5.Theadultstellthechildrennottoswiminthatdeepriver.(改為被動語態(tài)）Thechildrennottoswiminthatdeepriver.6.CansomeagedChineseunderstandRussian?(改為被動語態(tài)）CanbysomeagedChinese?7.Thebossmadetheemployeesworktenhoursaday.(改為被動語態(tài)）Theemployeesweremadetenhoursaday.8.Wholooksafterthechildreninthekindergarten?(改為被動語態(tài)）Bythechildrenafterinthekindergarten?.9.TheSpringFestivaliswelcomedbytheChineseallovertheworld.(改為主動語態(tài))TheChineseallovertheworldtheSpringFestival.10.Thepriceofmeathasrisenfromtenyuantofifteenyuanrecently.(保持原句意思)Thepriceofmeatfromtenyuantofifteenyuanrecently.keys:1. waspraised，by 2.arebeingused 3.willbeboughtfor4. betaken 5.aretold 6.Russianbeunderstood7.towork 8.whomare,looked 9.welcome10. hasbeenraised考向二：被動語態(tài)的句法功能1.當(dāng)不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時。e.g.:Japaneseistaughtinthatschool.(類似warmingup中的“飯吃過了”，英漢說話習(xí)慣的相似性)2.當(dāng)需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者而不是執(zhí)行者時。e.g.:Herbookwillbebroughttomorrowmorning.看圖學(xué)知識，來發(fā)揮你的潛力吧，找到主動變被動語態(tài)的小技巧！！總結(jié)：上面例句的小規(guī)律：△主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的方法：主動語態(tài)：主語+謂語動詞+賓語（執(zhí)行者）（承受者）被動語態(tài)：主語+be+過去分詞（+by+執(zhí)行者）（承受者）一般省略當(dāng)堂練習(xí)：用所給動詞的適當(dāng)時態(tài)和語態(tài)填空。1. Children(notallow)toplayfrighteninggames.2. Atlastthetwopictures(hang)sidebyside.3. TheGreatWall(know)bypeopleallovertheworld.4. Allthebuildings(turn)intohospitalsrecently.5. Howlongcanthesemagazines(keep)?6. Thevegetables(plant)inthefieldsnextweek.7. Thesoldierwasveryillwhenhe(operate)onbyDr.Bethune.8. Thepasswordofyouremailboxshould (memorize). .9. Liquidscan(turn)intogasesiftheirtemperatures(make)hotenough.10. Thenextmorningthey (find)thatsometrees(blow)downduringthenight.keys:1. arenotallowed 2.werehung 3.isknown4. havebeenturned 5.bekept 6.willbeplanted7. wasbeingoperated 8.bememorized 9.turn(beturned)，aremade10. found,wereblown 考向三：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換1.主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)=1\*GB3①要將主動句里的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳渲械闹髡Z，若主動句中的賓語是人稱代詞，要將賓格變成主格。=2\*GB3②把主動句中的主語變?yōu)楸粍泳渲械馁e語，主格代詞變成賓格代詞，并由by引導(dǎo)。=3\*GB3③謂語動詞變成相應(yīng)的被動形式。WeaskedhimtosinganEnglishsong.HewasaskedtosinganEnglishsongbyus.主動語態(tài)：動作執(zhí)行者+謂語動詞主動形式+動作承受者被動語態(tài)：動作承受者+謂語動詞被動形式+動作執(zhí)行者6．帶雙賓語的謂語動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)=1\*GB3①謂語動詞帶雙賓語時，既可以將間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語，也可以將直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語；=2\*GB3②若將間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語，則保留直接賓語；=3\*GB3③若將直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語則保留間接賓語，且在被保留的間接賓語前加上介詞to或for；Shegavemeabook.(變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài))Iwasgivenabookbyher.（間接賓語me改為了主語）Abookwasgiventomebyher.（直接賓語abook改為了主語）3.動詞短語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)許多由不及物動詞和介詞、副詞構(gòu)成的動詞短語相當(dāng)于及物動詞，可以有賓語，也可以有被動語態(tài)動詞短語是一個不可分割的整體，在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，不可丟掉構(gòu)成動詞短語的介詞或副詞。Weshouldspeaktooldmenpolitely.Oldmenshouldbespokentopolitely.4.帶賓語補(bǔ)足語的被動語態(tài)賓語后若有賓補(bǔ)，變被動語態(tài)時，只把賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，賓語補(bǔ)足語保留在原處，成為主語補(bǔ)足語。IheardJaneplayingthepianoinherroom.Janewasheardplayingthepianoinherroom.5.變被動語態(tài)后動詞形式的選擇主動句中的感官動詞see,hear,watch,feel,notice等，及使役動詞let,make,have等后跟省略to的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，應(yīng)加上不定式符號to.Hemakesthegirlstayathome.Thegirlismadetostayathomebyhim.備注：一感二聽三讓四看，變被動還原to.例題講解：【例1】Manyaccidents__

bycarelessdriverslastyear.A.arecaused

B.werecausedC.havecaused

D.willcause【答案】答案：B【例2】Drivingafterdrinkingwine

inChina.

A.allows

B.doesn'tallow

C.isallowed

D.isn'tallowed【答案】答案：D【例3】Manytreesandflowers________inourcityeveryyear.A.planted

B.areplanted

C.wereplanted

D.plants【答案】答案：B1．（2021·上海浦東新·二模）Earlyrobots________todosimplethingsinfactories,butnowtheyhaveenteredourlife.A．werebuilt B．built C．build D．a(chǎn)rebuilding2．（2021·上海金山·九年級階段練習(xí)）Theancientbuildingispartofthecity’shistory.It________duringtheMingDynasty.A．wasbuilt B．builds C．isbuilt D．built3．（2022·上海奉賢·九年級期中）Theflowers_______often.A．mustbewater B．mustbewatered C．mustwatered D．mustwater4．（2022·上海松江·二模）Theexhibition________tillnextweekiftheycan’tsolvethelightingproblems.A．hasputoff B．willputoff C．hasbeenputoff D．willbeputoff5．（2022·上海寶山·二模）Look,thepapertigerlooksverylovely.It________bymygrandfatherjustnow.A．made B．ismade C．hasbeenmade D．wasmade6．（2022·上海·九年級單元測試）Allparentswill________tocomeandseeTheWrongTrousers,ourEnglish-languageplay.A．a(chǎn)reinvited B．invited C．beinvited D．invite7．（2022·上海嘉定·模擬預(yù)測）Jennyisaresponsibleperson.She________astheleaderofourteamafewdaysago.A．chooses B．chose C．ischosen D．waschosen8．（2022·上海·九年級期中）ProfessorYiZhongtian________tothetalkshowonCCTV-1lastweekend.A．invites B．invited C．invite D．wasinvited9．（2022·上海·九年級期末）Nick________ajobinabank,buthedidn’ttakeit.A．isoffered B．offered C．wasoffered D．hasoffered10．（2022·上海·九年級期中）—________anEnglishcontest________inNo.1HighSchoolnextFridayevening?—Yes,itwill.A．Will;hold B．Will;beheld C．Does;hold D．Does;beheld11．（2022·上海·九年級期中）English_________widely_________intheworld.A．is;spoken B．a(chǎn)re;spoken C．is;speaking D．a(chǎn)re;speaking12．（2022·上海黃浦·二模）Lastmonth,theworld’slargesteverreportintoclimatechange________byIPCC．A．isreleased B．wasreleased C．hasbeenreleased D．willbereleased13．（2022·上海·九年級單元測試）Thesewindows________.Nowtheyareveryclean.A．werewashed B．willbewashed C．havebeenwashed D．a(chǎn)rewashed14．（2022·上海長寧·二模）TheNationalCartoonExhibition________inShanghaieveryyearforfansofallages.A．isheld B．washeld C．hasbeenheld D．willbeheld15．（2022·上海·模擬預(yù)測）Highschoolstudentsarerequired________partinthevolunteerprojecteveryterm.A．take B．taking C．took D．totake16．（2022·上海普陀·一模）Ifeveryoneputsinmoreeffort,thetasks________infivedays.A．werefinished B．a(chǎn)refinishedC．havebeenfinished D．willbefinished17．（2022·上海·模擬預(yù)測）Ahigh-techship________aftertheMayflowerthatsetsailfromPlymouthin1620.A．names B．named C．benamed D．wasnamed18．（2022·上海·一模）Soonthefiremenarrivedatthescene,andtheoldmaninthefire________atlast.A．wassaved B．saved C．hassaved D．hasbeensaved19．（2022·上海·二模）Itwassaidthatenoughmoney________forthechildrenintheearthquakearea.A．raised B．willraise C．wasraised D．hasraised20．（2022·上海嘉定·一模）Worriesinlifeifyouspeakouttoyourclosefriend.A．willreduce B．werereducingC．willbereduced D．werereduced參考答案：1．A【詳解】句意：早期的機(jī)器人在工廠里是用來做簡單的事情的，但是現(xiàn)在它們已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了我們的生活。考查一般過去時被動語態(tài)。“robots”與動詞“build”之間是被動關(guān)系，且根據(jù)“butnow”可知，前一句描述的是過去的事情，用一般過去時被動語態(tài)was/weredone的結(jié)構(gòu)，故選A。2．A【詳解】句意：這座古老的建筑是這座城市歷史的一部分。它建于明朝。考查被動語態(tài)。“建筑”與“修建”之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，即建筑被修建，故本句是被動語態(tài)；根據(jù)“duringtheMingDynasty”可知，本句是一般過去時，故本句是一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故選A。3．B【詳解】句意：這些花必須經(jīng)常澆水。考查被動語態(tài)。主語flowers與動詞water之間是被動關(guān)系，此處應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，含有情態(tài)動詞must的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)是mustbedone，故選B。4．D【詳解】句意：如果他們不能解決照明問題，展覽將推遲到下周舉行。考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。本句是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，根據(jù)“主將從現(xiàn)”和“nextweek”可知，主句用一般將來時，且主語Theexhibition是動詞putoff的承受者，所以用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)（willbedone）。故選D。5．D【詳解】句意：看，紙老虎看起來很可愛。它是我祖父剛才做的。考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語“justnow”可知此句用一般過去時，排除B和C；由“It…bymygrandfatherjustnow.”可知主語和謂語動詞是被動關(guān)系，用被動語態(tài)，故選D。6．C【詳解】句意：所有的家長都將被邀請來觀看我們的英語戲劇《錯誤的褲子》。考查被動語態(tài)。分析句子可知主語和動詞invite之間是被動關(guān)系，結(jié)合will可知是一般將來時的被動語態(tài)：willbedone，故選C。7．D【詳解】句意：珍妮是一個負(fù)責(zé)任的人。幾天前，她被選為我們隊伍的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了。考查被動語態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“she”和“choose”之間是被動關(guān)系，且根據(jù)時間狀語“afewdaysago”，句子應(yīng)用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故選D。8．D【詳解】句意：上周末易中天教授被邀請去中央一臺的訪談節(jié)目。考查被動語態(tài)。主語ProfessorYiZhongtian和謂語動詞invite“邀請”之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，其謂語結(jié)構(gòu)為“be+done”，而根據(jù)“l(fā)astweekend”可知時態(tài)應(yīng)為一般過去時，主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，be動詞應(yīng)為was，故選D。9．C【詳解】句意：銀行提供給尼克一份工作，但他沒有接受。考查被動語態(tài)和時態(tài)。offer“提供”。isoffered現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)；offered過去式；wasoffered過去時的被動語態(tài)；hasoffered現(xiàn)在完成時。offer與主語Nick之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，根據(jù)didn’t可知是過去時。故選C。10．B【詳解】句意：——下周五晚上一個英語比賽將在第一高中被舉行嗎？——是的。考查一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)“itwill”可知問句應(yīng)用一般將來時；主語anEnglishcontest和謂語動詞held“舉行”之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。一般將來時的被動語態(tài)的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)為“will+be+done”，故選B。11．A【詳解】句意：英語在世界范圍內(nèi)被廣泛使用。考查被動語態(tài)。句子主語English和謂語speak“說”之間是被動關(guān)系，用被動語態(tài)bedone，排除CD；主語是English，be動詞用is。故選A。12．B【詳解】句意：上個月，IPCC發(fā)布了全球有史以來規(guī)模最大的氣候變化報告。考查被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)“Lastmonth”可知此處應(yīng)用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)was/weredone。故選B。13．C【詳解】句意：這些窗戶已經(jīng)被洗過了。現(xiàn)在他們非常干凈。考查現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)“現(xiàn)在他們非常干凈”可知，是因為“這些窗戶已經(jīng)清洗過”而對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，又因為主語“這些窗戶”是謂語動詞“洗”的動作承受者，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，故該空白處應(yīng)選現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)：havebeen+動詞的過去分詞。故選C。14．A【詳解】句意：國家動畫展每年在上海舉行，面向各個年齡段的粉絲。考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)“everyyear”可知，用一般現(xiàn)在時，而且“TheNationalCartoonExhibition”與“hold”之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：bedone，主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，be動詞使用is。故選A。15．D【詳解】句意：高中生每學(xué)期都被要求參加志愿者項目。考查非謂語動詞。固定短語requiresb.todosth.“要求某人做某事”，故選D。16．D【詳解】句意：如果每個人都更加努力，任務(wù)將在五天內(nèi)完成。考查一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。finish“完成”，根據(jù)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則以及主語“thetasks”和動詞“finish”是被動關(guān)系可知，空缺處應(yīng)該用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)，故選D。17．D【詳解】句意：一艘高科技船以1620年從普利茅斯啟航的五月花號命名的。考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)“in1620”可知句子時態(tài)應(yīng)用一般過去時，句子的主語Ahigh-techship和謂語動詞name之間存在被動關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)；一般過去時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為was/were+動詞的過去分詞，主語是單數(shù)，用was，name的過去分詞是named，故選D。18．A【詳解】句意：很快消防隊員趕到現(xiàn)場，火災(zāi)中的老人終于得救了。考查被動語態(tài)。A項為一般過去時被動語態(tài)；B項為一般過去時；C項為現(xiàn)在完成時；D項為現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)atlast可知，應(yīng)該使用過去時態(tài)；根據(jù)theoldman和save之間的關(guān)系，應(yīng)該使用被動。故選A。19．C【詳解】句意：據(jù)說足夠的錢被籌集給了地震災(zāi)區(qū)的孩子們。考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。raise意為“籌集”，主語“enoughmoney”與動詞raise之間是動賓關(guān)系，此處用被動語態(tài)；主句用一般過去時，從句也要用過去時態(tài)。故選C。20．C【詳解】句意：如果你和你的密友說話，生活中的憂慮就會減少。A.willreduce會減少，一般將來時；B.werereducing正在減少，過去進(jìn)行時；C.willbereduced將被減少，將來時被動語態(tài)；D.werereduced被減少，一般過去時態(tài)被動語態(tài)。這里是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，遵循主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，根據(jù)主語是Worries可知這里是將來時的被動語態(tài)，其結(jié)構(gòu)是willbedone的形式。根據(jù)題意，故選C。21．（2022·上海市曹楊中學(xué)附屬學(xué)校模擬預(yù)測）Greatprogress________instudyingthenewmedicineforcancer(癌癥)recently.A．willbemade B．ismadeC．hasbeenmade D．wasmade22．（2021·上海松江·二模）Twowideroads_________inthatsmallmountainvillageinthepasttwoyears.A．werebuilt B．a(chǎn)rebuilt C．havebeenbuilt D．hadbeenbuilt23．（2021·上海嘉定·二模）Thestudents_______intosixgroupsforgroupdiscussionjustnow.A．divided B．havedivided C．havebeendivided D．weredivided24．（2021·上海普陀·二模）Nextweekaboutsixnewdishes________bythecoolsinourrestaurant.A．wascreated B．iscreated C．hasbeencreate D．willbecreated25．（2021·上海金山·二模）Finland_______thehappiestcountryintheworldthelastfouryears.A．hasnamed B．hasbeennamed C．named D．wasnamed26．（2022·上海·模擬預(yù)測）TheEnglishexam________twoparts,________objectiveitem（客觀題）andsubjectiveitem（主觀題）.Pleasecompleteeachpartcarefully.A．dividesinto;includes B．dividedinto;includingC．isdividedinto;included D．isdividedinto;including27．（2022·上海·模擬預(yù)測）—CanIgointothemeetingroomnow?—Ofcourse,ifyou________.A．invite B．a(chǎn)reinviting C．wereinvited D．willbeinvited28．（2022·上海·模擬預(yù)測）TheMonkeyKingisatraditionalChinesecartoonhero.Todayhe________still________bypeopleofallages.A．is;loved B．was;loved C．will;beloved D．will;love29．（2022·上海·模擬預(yù)測）NowChinesecouples________tohavethreechildrentoreducethepressureofanagingpopulation.A．encourage B．encouraged C．a(chǎn)reencouraged D．wereencouraged30．（2022·上海·模擬預(yù)測）Breaking(霹靂舞),moreofanartformthanasport,________intheParisOlympicGames!A．willsee B．isseen C．saw D．willbeseen31．（2022·上海·模擬預(yù)測）Therubbish________fromthegrass,andthenthecampsitewascleanagain.A．removed B．isremoved C．wasremoved D．beremoved32．（2022·上海寶山·一模）Nowadays,thecitizensinShanghai________todividethewastefromdailylifeintofourdifferentgroups.A．required B．a(chǎn)rerequired C．require D．a(chǎn)rerequiring33．（2022·上海虹口·一模）Anewfactory________todealwithwaterpollutionlastmonth.A．wasbuilt B．willbebuilt C．hasbeenbuilt D．hasbuilt34．（2022·上海長寧·一模）Inthepastseveralmonthsanewcommunitypark________andwillbeopentothepublicsoon.A．isbuilt B．wasbuilt C．hasbeenbuilt D．willbebuilt35．（2022·上海·一模）ItissaidChinaInternationalImportExpo_________inShanghailastyear.A．washeld B．a(chǎn)reheld C．hasbeenheld D．hadbeenheld36．（2021·上海黃浦·九年級期中）TheNobelPrizefor