.chassisdrivingsysteminternalcombustionenginesteeringsystembrakingsystemdieselengineswaterpumptheignitiondistributoroilpantiminggearcylinderblockcylinderheadoilpanconnectingrodvalvespringradiatorwater-coolingsystemair-coolingsystemlubricationsystemoilfiltermassairflowsensorthrottlepositionsensorintakeairtemperaturesensorcrankshaftpositionsensorfueltankEGRvalvemufflerairfiltermanualtransmissionreverseidlergearsdifferentialone-wayclutchthrottlevalvemainreducerrunninggearpowersteeringsteeringcolumn底盤(pán)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)燃機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)向系制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)柴油機(jī)水泵分電器油底殼正時(shí)齒輪汽缸體汽缸蓋油底殼連桿氣門(mén)彈簧散熱器水冷系統(tǒng)風(fēng)冷系統(tǒng)潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)機(jī)油濾清器空氣流量傳感器節(jié)氣門(mén)位置傳感器進(jìn)氣溫度傳感器曲軸位置傳感器油箱EGR閥消聲器空氣濾清器手動(dòng)變速器倒檔齒輪差速器單項(xiàng)離合器節(jié)氣門(mén)主減速器行駛系統(tǒng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)向柱anti-lockbrakesystemwheelcylindermastercylinderchargingsystemalternatingcurrentvoltagegaugestartingsystemignitionsystemsparkplugclutchgearboxuniversaljointpropellershaftgeneratorcrankshaftandconnectingrodmechanismvalvegearfuelsystemexhaustpipeexhaustmanifoldin-lineenginessparkplugsinjectionpistonringpistonpinvalveclearancecoolantwaterjacketsplashlubricatingpressurelubricatingexhaustgasoxygensensorfuelpressureregulatorair/fuelratioevaporativeEmissionControlspositivecrankcaseventilationEmissionControlSystemintakeairtemperaturesensorsupercharger防抱死制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)（ABS）制動(dòng)輪缸制動(dòng)主缸充電系統(tǒng)交流電電壓表啟動(dòng)系統(tǒng)點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)火花塞離合器變速器萬(wàn)向節(jié)驅(qū)動(dòng)軸發(fā)電機(jī)曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu)配氣機(jī)構(gòu)燃油供給系統(tǒng)排氣管排氣歧管直列式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)火花塞噴油器活塞環(huán)活塞銷(xiāo)氣門(mén)間隙冷卻液水套飛濺潤(rùn)滑壓力潤(rùn)滑氧傳感器燃油壓力調(diào)節(jié)器空燃比燃油蒸發(fā)控制曲軸箱強(qiáng)制通風(fēng)排放控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)氣溫度傳感器增壓器universaljointcoilspringclutchtorqueconverterplanetarygearvehiclestabilityleafspringhydraulicpowersteeringsystemsteerablewheelbrakefluiddiscbrakewarninglightdirectcurrentchargingindicatorstartingmotorignitioncoilairbags萬(wàn)向節(jié)螺旋彈簧離合器液力變矩器行星齒輪車(chē)輛穩(wěn)定性鋼板彈簧液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)前轉(zhuǎn)向輪制動(dòng)液盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器警告燈直流電充電指示燈起動(dòng)機(jī)點(diǎn)火線圈安全氣囊Inotherwords,anyautomobileiscomposedofthesectionssuchasengine,chassis,bodyandelectricsystem.1、換句話說(shuō)，任何一輛汽車(chē)都由發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，底盤(pán)，車(chē)身和電器設(shè)備組成。Thetoptworingsaretokeepthegasesinthecylinderandarecalledcompressionrings.Theloweronepreventstheoilsplashedontothecylinderborefromenteringthecombustionchamber,andiscalledanoilring.2、最頂?shù)膬傻拉h(huán)保證活塞與氣缸壁間密封的環(huán)叫做氣環(huán)。底下的一道防止機(jī)油飛濺到缸筒從而竄入燃燒室的環(huán)叫做為油環(huán)。Withawatercoolingsystem,theheatproducedbyanengineiscarriedbycoolingwatertotheradiatorfordissipation.3、在水冷卻系統(tǒng)中，由發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)產(chǎn)生的熱量通過(guò)冷卻水在散熱器進(jìn)行散熱。Thelubricationsystemiscomposedofoilpan,oilpump,oilfilters,oilpressureregulators,oilcoolersandoilsensors.4、潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)是由油底殼，機(jī)油泵，機(jī)油濾清器，油壓調(diào)節(jié)器，機(jī)油散熱器和機(jī)油壓力傳感器組成。Thecrankshaftpositionsensorisusedtodetectthecrankshaftangleandenginespeed5、曲軸位置傳感器是用來(lái)檢測(cè)的曲軸轉(zhuǎn)角和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速Traditionalspringsanddampersarereferredtoaspassivesuspensions.Ifthesuspensionisexternallycontrolledthenitisasemi-activeoractivesuspension.6、傳統(tǒng)的彈性元件和減震器都是被動(dòng)懸架系統(tǒng)。如果它能從外部控制，那就成為半主動(dòng)或主動(dòng)懸架系統(tǒng)。ABSwheelspeedsensorsareinstalledateachwheel,andtheytransmitwheelandtirespeedinformationtothecomputer.7、防抱死制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)車(chē)輪轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器安裝在每個(gè)車(chē)輪，這些傳感器將車(chē)輪和輪胎的轉(zhuǎn)速信號(hào)傳給電腦。Rear-wheelABSisdesignedtomaintaindirectionalstabilityandpreventthevehiclefromskiddingsidewaysinemergencies8、后輪防抱死制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)用來(lái)保持方向穩(wěn)定性，在緊急狀態(tài)下防止車(chē)輛側(cè)滑。Anengineismainlycomposedoftwomechanismsandfivesystems.9、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)主要有兩大機(jī)構(gòu)五大系統(tǒng)組成。10、Thevalvegeariscomposedoftiminggears,acamshaft,tappets,valves,springwithfastenersandvalveguides.10、配氣機(jī)構(gòu)由正時(shí)齒輪、凸輪軸、挺柱、氣門(mén)、帶有鎖緊裝置的彈簧和氣門(mén)導(dǎo)管組成。11、Enginelubricatingsystemsareusuallydividedintotwotypes:splash,pressurefeed.11、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)潤(rùn)滑系通常有壓力潤(rùn)滑和飛濺潤(rùn)滑兩種方式。12、TheengineECUcalculatestheoptimumfuelinjectionvolume,andcausestheinjectorstoinjectthefuel.12、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)ECU計(jì)算出最適宜的燃油噴射量，然后使噴油器噴射燃油。13、Emissionsfromagasolinedrivenmotorvehicleusuallycomefrom4sources:thefueltank,fuelinjectionsystem,thecrankcase,andtheexhaustsystem.13、汽油車(chē)的排放物通常有以下四個(gè)來(lái)源：油箱、燃油噴射系統(tǒng)、曲軸箱通風(fēng)、排放系統(tǒng)。Thetypicaldrivelinecomprisesclutch,transmission,driveshaft,finaldrive,differentialandthedrivingwheels.14、典型傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)一般包括離合器、變速器、傳動(dòng)軸、主減速器、差速器和驅(qū)動(dòng)輪等六個(gè)部分。15、Twotypesoftransmissionarethemanualandtheautomatic.15、變速器可分為手動(dòng)式和自動(dòng)式兩種。16、ABSwheelspeedsensorsareinstalledateachwheel,andtheytransmitwheelandtirespeedinformationtothecomputer.16、防抱死制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)車(chē)輪轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器安裝在每個(gè)車(chē)輪，這些傳感器將車(chē)輪和輪胎的轉(zhuǎn)速信號(hào)傳給電腦。17、Theignitionsystemisdividedintotwocircuits:theprimaryandthesecondary.17、點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)分為兩個(gè)電路：初級(jí)回路和次級(jí)回路。1.Manypollutioncontroldevicesaredesignedtoreduceemissionsfromtheexhaustsystem.Thisisdonebyusingmanynewsystemsandmodifyingothers.Thesemodificationsincludedesignchangestotheignitionsystem,carburetor,intakemanifold,combustionchamberandcamshaft.Otherchangesincludeusingahighertemperaturethermostatandloweringcomperssionratios.ThisresultsinlowercombustiontemperaturesandthereforereducesNOx.1、許多污染控制裝置的設(shè)計(jì)，，以減少排氣系統(tǒng)廢氣排放。這是通過(guò)使用許多新的系統(tǒng)和修改等。這些修改包括點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)，化油器，進(jìn)氣歧管，燃燒室和凸輪軸。其他變動(dòng)包括使用更高溫度的溫控器和降低壓縮比，降低燃燒溫度，因此減少了NOx2.Theignitiondistributorhasseveralfunctions.Itopensandclosesthe(primary)ignitioncircuit.Itdistributesthehightensioncurrenttotherespective(cylinders)oftheengine.Italsohasamechanismthatcontrolsthe(firing)atwhichthebreakerpointsopen,therebyadvancingor(retarding)thesparkinaccordancewithenginerequirements.2、分電器有多種功能。它打開(kāi)和關(guān)閉（初級(jí)）點(diǎn)火電路。并將高壓電分配到發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的各自氣缸。它也有一個(gè)控制機(jī)構(gòu)，根據(jù)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的要求，在打開(kāi)斷路器觸點(diǎn)時(shí)減少觸點(diǎn)火花（燒蝕）。3、Therearetwobasictypesofautomatictransmissionsbasedonwhetherthevehicleis(rear)wheeldriveor(front)wheeldrive.

Onarearwheeldrivecar,thetransmissionisusually(mounted)tothebackoftheengine.

Adriveshaftconnectstherearofthetransmissiontothe(finaldrive)whichislocatedintherear(axle)andisusedtosend(power)totherearwheels.

Onafrontwheeldrivecar,thetransmissionisus