Module4SandstormsinAsia一、背單詞與詞塊(一)背閱讀單詞——會認就行(背誦時遮住右側漢語，先自主翻譯，后比對詞義)1．sandstormn． 沙塵暴2．inlandadj. 內地的；內陸的3．massadj. 大量的；大規模的4．campaignn. 戰役；活動5．dunen. 沙丘6．maskn. 面罩(二)背重點單詞——寫對才行1．process_n.進程；過程2．forecast_vt.預報；預告3．citizenn.公民；市民4．recyclev.重新利用；再循環5．garbagen.廢料；垃圾(三)背拓展單詞——用準才行1．coastn．海岸；海濱→coastal_adj.沿海的2．dustn．沙塵；灰塵→dustyadj.布滿灰塵的3．cyclevi.騎自行車→cyclistn．騎自行車的人4．evidentadj.明顯的→evidence_n．根據；證明5．plainvi.抱怨；發牢騷→plaintn．抱怨6．environmentn.環境→environmentaladj.環境的7．majoradj.主要的；多數的vi.主修→majorityn．大多數8．pollutevt.污染→pollutionn．污染→pollutantn．污染物9．protectvt.保護→protectionn．保護→protectiveadj.保護的；防護的10．chemistryn．化學→chemicaln.化學藥品→chemistn．化學家，藥劑師11．scarev．使害怕，嚇跑→scaryadj.恐怖的；嚇人的→scaredadj.害怕的12．urgevt.催促；極力主張→urgentadj.緊急的→urgency_n．緊急情況13．strongadj.強壯的；堅強的→strengthn．力量；力氣→strengthenvt.加強14．frightn．害怕；恐懼→frightenvt.使害怕→frighteningadj.嚇人的；可怕的→frightenedadj.害怕的15．absoluteadj.絕對的；完全的→absolutenessn．絕對；完全→absolutelyadv.絕對地；完全地16．concernn．&vt.關心；擔心；與……相關→concernedadj.關心的；擔心的；有關的→concerningprep.關于；就……而言[語境活用]1．Thesetressneedyourprotection,_soyourprotective_measurescanprotectthemfrombeingdamaged.(protect)2．Knowingourstrengthisveryimportant.Butthemostimportantistostrengthenthetieswiththepeoplearoundus.(strength)3．ThehorrormoviefrightenedmetodeathwhenIthoughtaboutthefrighteningplot.Thatistosay,Iwasveryfrightened.(fright)4．Theteacherurged_thatthestudentsshouldbetaughthowtotakeurgentactioninurgency.(urgent)5．Ourparentsaremoreconcernedaboutourhealthandfuture.AsfarasI'mconcerned,_weshouldtalkwithourparentsandtellthemourconcerns.(concern)(四)背高頻單詞——先“記牢”再“用活”，不背絕對不行1．concernedadj.關心的；擔心的；有關的背詞條用法(1)as/sofaras...beconcerned就……而言beconcernedabout/for關心；掛念beconcernedwith/in...牽扯進/參與……(2)show/expressone'sconcernabout/for對……表示關心/擔心背寫作佳句①(2019·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達)AsfarasI'mconcerned，wemustgetfullypreparedandpracticehardinordertoperformwellinthematch.我認為，為了在比賽中表現出色，我們必須充分準備，刻苦訓練。②(2020·浙江高考寫作)AndI'mwritingtoshowourgenuineconcernforyourhealth.我寫信來表達我們對您健康的真誠的關心。③(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime.報告指出，許多父母仍然限制電子閱讀，主要是因為擔心屏幕時間增加。2．urgentadj.緊急的；迫切的背詞條用法urgesb.todo/intodoingsth.力勸/敦促某人做某事urgethat...(should)dosth.極力主張；強烈要求Itisurgedthat...(should)dosth.堅決要求……背寫作佳句①Ican'tgoshoppingwithyoubecausesomethingurgenthashappened.因為發生了緊急的事情，我不能和你一起去購物了。②Myambitiontobeadoctoralwaysurgedmetostudyveryhard.我想成為一名醫生的志向總是激勵我努力學習。③Heurgedthatmuchofthepovertybewipedout.他敦促消除大部分的貧困。(五)背短語詞塊——表達出彩，需多積詞塊才行eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單元短語再認再現1．take_in 吸收；欺騙；理解2．take_away 取走；拿走3．cut_down 砍倒；削減；縮小4．give_out_ 放出；發出5．put_..._into_... 把……放進……6．be_caught_in 突然遭遇(風暴等)；被困住；遇到7．look_through 瀏覽；翻閱；快速查看8．as_a_result_of 由于……的原因/結果9．wake_up_to 醒來面對；意識到10．have_a_bad_effect_on 對……有壞影響11．one_after_another 一個接一個地12．in_a_nutshell 簡言之；概括地講eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)重點短語拓展用活1．cutdown砍倒；削減；縮小背相關短語cutin打斷(談話)，超車cutup切碎；切開cutoff停止，中斷(供給)；中斷(通話等)cutbackon削減，減少背寫作佳句①Besides,manytreesarebeingcutdown,makingmanyanimalslosetheirhomes.此外，許多樹木被砍伐，使許多動物失去它們的家園。②IwouldturnofftheTVratherthanswitchoffmycellphoneorcutofftheinternet.我寧愿關掉電視，也不愿關掉或切斷網絡。③Icalloneverystudenttodoourparttocutbackontheuseofplasticbags.我呼吁每個學生盡自己的一份力量來減少塑料袋的使用。2．takein吸收；收留；包括；理解；領會；欺騙背相關短語takeoff脫去(衣服等)；(飛機等)起飛；成功takeon呈現；雇用；承擔takeup拿起；開始從事；占據(時間、空間等)takecareof照顧，照料take...intoconsideration考慮……take...forexample以……為例背寫作佳句①Hopefullyyouwilltakemysuggestionintoconsideration.希望你能考慮我的建議。②(2017·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)IadviseyoutolearnthehistoryoftheTangDynastyinadvance,whichwillhelpyoubettertakeinthepoemstobelearned.我建議你提前了解唐代的歷史，這會幫助你更好地理解你要學的詩歌。二、背佳句與佳作(一)背寫作佳句——多“輸入”才能巧“輸出”eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)教材內句式舉一反三1．Theyareoftensothickthatyoucannotseethesun,andthewindissometimesstrongenoughtomovesanddunes.(so...that...引導結果狀語從句)它們通常很濃厚，以至于你連太陽都看不見，風力有時強到可以移動沙丘。佳句①(2019·天津高考)Tomissoindependentthatheneveraskshisparents'opinionunlesshewantstheirsupport.湯姆如此獨立，以至于他從來都不征求父母的意見，除非他想得到父母的支持。佳句②IamsosorrythatIwon'tbeabletoattendthelectureonAmericanhistorytomorrowafternoon.非常抱歉，明天下午我不能參加美國歷史的講座了。2．Thestormssometimescontinuealldayandtrafficmovesveryslowlybecausethethickdustmakesitdifficulttosee.[“makeit＋adj./n.＋(forsb.)＋todo...”結構，it作形式賓語，不定式是真正的賓語]暴風有時持續一整天，車輛開得很慢，因為濃濃的塵埃降低了能見度。佳句①Weshouldmakeitadutytoprotectourenvironment.我們應該把保護環境作為一種責任。佳句②Thevolunteersclearedawaythesnowonthestreettomakeitsafeforpeopletowalkon.志愿者清除街道上的積雪，使人們在上面安全行走。佳句③Inaddition，everystudentcanbeinharmonywithforeignfriends,whichmakesiteasyforyoutogetalongwiththem.此外，每個學生都會與外國朋友和諧相處，這使你很容易與他們相處。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)同主題佳句熟讀成誦1．Manypeopleworrythatourenergywillrunoutquicklyifweuseitinanuncheckedway.許多人擔心，如果不控制能源的使用的話，我們的能源將會很快被耗盡。2．Thereisnodoubtthattheearthisbeingwarmerandthatitishumanactivitiesthathavecausedthisglobalwarming.毫無疑問，地球正變得更加暖和，全球變暖正是人類活動所致。3．Havingrealizedtheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment,thelocalfarmerstriedtheirbesttokeepthebalanceofnature.意識到保護環境的重要性后，當地的農民盡他們最大的努力來保持自然的平衡。(二)背滿分作文——好習作就靠“仿效”和“背誦”本輯學點——感謝信(二)[題目要求]假定你是李華，今年春節去新西蘭度假一周。你的朋友Luke招待了你。請給他寫一封信，表示感謝，內容包括：1．你玩得很開心；2．謝謝他的招待；3．邀請他來中國旅游。注意：1.詞數100左右；2．可適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。[背范文]DearLuke,I'mwritingtoconveymyheartfeltgratitudetoyouforyourkindhelpandtendercareduringmystayinNewZealand,withoutwhichIcouldn'thaveenjoyedmyselfsomuch.Duringtheweek,thefortableacmodation,deliciousmealsandyourfriendlyfamilymembersallmademefeelwarm,leavingmeeverlastingmemories.Furthermore,guidedbyyouIwashonoredtohavethechancetovisitplacesofinterestandbeexposedtoauniquecultureaswellasbeautifulscenery.Itwasyourgeneroushelpthatenabledmetohaveabetterunderstandingofyourcountry.ThanksagainforyourkindhelpandI'msincerelylookingforwardtoshowingyouaroundinChinainthenearfuture.Allthebestwishestoyou.Yours，LiHua[學亮點]1．學高級表達(1)使用高級詞匯和語塊，如：conveyone'sheartfeltgratitudeto,everlasting,furthermore,behonoredto,beexposedto,showsb.around等。(2)準確運用復雜句式結構，如：非限制性定語從句withoutwhichIcouldn'thaveenjoyedmyselfsomuch；現在分詞短語作狀語leavingmeeverlastingmemories；過去分詞短語作狀語guidedbyyou；強調句型Itwasyourgeneroushelpthatenabled...等。這些高級表達為文章增色不少，也彰顯了考生扎實的語言功底。2．學精彩結尾結尾先用Thanksagainfor...再次表示感謝，體現了感情的真摯，然后用I'msincerelylookingforwardtoshowing...誠懇地邀請朋友來中國旅游。最后表達了祝愿。3．防微點失分考生容易在“Duringtheweek,thefortableacmodation,...allmademefeelwarm...”中的feel前加上動詞不定式符號to，或把“Furthermore,guidedbyyouIwashonored...beexposedtoauniquecultureaswellasbeautifulscenery.”中的a誤用成an，從而導致失分。學案(一)重點單詞的查漏補缺——打牢必備知識[全面練——練清易錯微點]Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Thekidswereallwearingmasks(面罩)．2．(2020·全國卷Ⅱ)Theplumtreesarethefirsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化)．3．(2020·全國卷Ⅰ)I'mtellingthemtheycan'topenwhattheyabsolutely(絕對地)knowisadoor.4．Wecanmakeplansaheadaccordingtotheweatherforecast(預報)．5．Iholdtomybeliefthatdevelopmentshouldn'tbeatthecostoftheenvironment_(環境)．6．(2019·江蘇高考)Toenjoytheconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizens(公民)startedtousesmartphones.Ⅱ.根據語境寫出加黑部分的漢語意思1．Onethingtorememberisthatit'stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.過程2．InnorthernChinaduringspringbigsandstormsoftenmaketroubleforpeople.沙塵暴3．(2020·江蘇高考)Therewillstillbelotsofchallengesifwearetoclassifygarbageinashorttime.垃圾4．Armedwiththisknowledge，they'reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.活動5．TheAtlantichas,inasense,replacedtheMediterraneanastheinlandseaofWesterncivilization.內陸的6．Desertificationisthegradualanddangerousdegradationofproductivelandintouselessdesert.沙漠化7．(熟詞生義)(2020·全國卷Ⅰ)Recognizeallofyourstrengths.Writethemdowninajournal.優點8．(熟詞生義)(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.聚集Ⅲ.單句語法填空1．Theyoungdancerslookedsocharmingintheirbeautifulclothesthatwetookmasses(mass)ofpicturesofthem.2.Convenientasplasticbagsareforpeople,theywillcausewhitepollution(pollute)．3.Withnoonetoturntoinsuchafrightening(frighten)situation,shefeltveryhelpless.4．Qingdaoisamostbeautifulcoastal(coast)cityandIthinkI'llgothereforasecondtime.5．Onlywhenyouhaveobtainedenoughevidencecanyouetoasoundconclusion(conclude)．6．AsZhongNanshanputsit,asurgicalmaskisenoughifoneusesitfordailyprotection(protect)．名師點撥“一站清”(1)英語中以“-te”結尾的動詞變成名詞時，常去掉e，再加-ion。(2)名詞后加“-en”后綴，可以變成動詞，如frighten,strengthen,soften,broaden等。[重點練——深化高頻考點]1．concerned[明其義]adj.關心的；擔心的；有關的[通其用](1)單句語法填空①Theopinionconcerning(concern)thishottopicvariesfrompersontoperson.②Housingproblemhasbeeoneofthebiggestconcerns(concern)forpeopleinbigcities.③Parentsshouldkeepintouchwiththeirchildrennowandthen,andbe_concerned(concern)abouttheirpsychologicaldemands.(2)翻譯句子④就我而言，沒有什么比健康更重要。As_far_as_I_am_concerned,_nothing_is_more_important_than_being_healthy.[解其困]concerned作形容詞用作前置定語時，意為“關心的；擔憂的”，如：aconcernedlook“關切的神色”；作后置定語時，意為“有關的；相關的”，如：theauthoritiesconcerned“有關當局”。2．urgent[明其義]adj.緊急的；迫切的[通其用](1)單句語法填空①Onlywhenweareawareoftheurgency(urgent)ofdoingbesttodaycanweboostabettertomorrow.②Aspartofdomesticmodernization,publictransportationneedstobedevelopedurgently_(urgent)inChina.③Ireallyhopethesuggestionsfromyourreaderscanbehelpfulinsolvingtheurgent(urgency)problem.(2)補全句子④Tobeginwith,it_is_urgent_to_createnaturereserves.首先，迫在眉睫的是建立自然保護區。⑤ThePresidenturged_that_all_Party_members_unitetostriveforprehensivelybuildingawell-offsociety.主席敦促全體黨員團結起來，為全面建成小康社會而奮斗。學案(二)詞塊、句式的活學活用——強化關鍵能力[詞塊的驗收盤點]Ⅰ.詞塊點點練——選詞填空takein，takeaway，cutdown，giveout，becaughtin，lookthrough，asaresultof，haveabadeffecton1.Isawamangiving_out_handbillsinthestreetthismorning.2．Evenwhentherosesweretaken_away,_thesmelllingeredonintheroom.3.Eventhoughtheputergameshad_a_bad_effect_onhim,hestillwenthisownway.4．MytimewaslimitedandIjustlooked_throughmynotesbeforetheexamination.5.Toourdisappointment,wewerelatefortheWorldCupFinalaswewere_caught_inthetrafficjam.6．Therainforestisbeingcut_downathighspeedsanditmaydisappearfromtheearthoneday.7．IwantedtohaveagoodrestbecauserecentlyIoftenfelttiredas_a_result_ofmyheavystudyburden.8.It'ssaidthatnon-smokerswhotake_intheairpollutedbytobaccosmokesuffermorethanthesmokersthemselves.名師點撥“一站清”(1)giveout除了“分發，發出”，還有“用完”之意。(2)havea...effecton相當于havea...influenceon,意為“對……有……的影響”。(3)becaughtin意為“遭遇，陷入”，而不是“被抓住”的意思。(4)takein有“吸收，領會，欺騙，改小”等多種意思，注意其在不同的語境中的運用。Ⅱ.易錯對對碰——辨析比較1．giveoutVSgiveoffVSgiveaway比較①Thewildflowersgive_off/out_anicesmell.②Hegave_awaythesecretthroughcarelessness.③Theteachergave_outtheexaminationpapers.辨清(1)在表示“發出”光、熱、聲音、氣味等，giveout與giveoff常可換用。但giveout還有“分發，用完，垮掉，失靈，公布”等意思。(2)giveaway主要表示“贈送，泄露，頒發”等意思，在表示“頒發”時，可與giveout換用。2．lookthroughVSlookover比較①Wemustlook_over_thehousebeforewedecidetorentit.②Scottandhiswifeusuallylook_throughmorningnewspapersbeforebreakfast.辨清lookthrough可以指“粗略快速地看，瀏覽”，也可以指“徹底仔細地檢查(多用looksth.through結構)”，此時，可與lookover“仔細地看，檢查”換用。但lookthrough還可以指“看穿，識破”。Ⅲ.多義比比看——一詞多義(寫出下列各句中takein的含義)①Hemanagedtorentabigenoughhousetotakeinsomehomelesspeople.收留②Whilereadingpopularsciencebooks，wecantakeinmorebasicknowledge.吸收③TheUnitedKingdomtakesinEngland,Wales,ScotlandandNorthernIreland.包括④Lackingnecessarysocialexperience,teenagerstendtobetakeninbycheaters.欺騙⑤Beforeyoutranslateasentence,youshouldfirsttakeinthemeaningofthewords.理解[句式的驗收盤點]so...that...引導結果狀語從句[通其用]1．句式升級(用so...that...升級)①KeepingalearningdiaryeverydayisimportantandIwouldliketointroduceittoyou.→Keepingalearningdiaryeveryday_is_so_important_that_Iwouldliketointroduceittoyou.2．句式轉換(用such...that...轉換)②Dalianissoattractivethatlotsoftouristsvisitthecityeveryyear.→Dalianissuch_an_attractive_place_thatlotsoftouristsvisitthecityeveryyear.3．一句多譯他進步很快，老師們對他感到很滿意。③He_has_made_great_progress_and_the_teachers_are_pleased_with_him.(簡單句)④The_progress_he_has_made_is_so_great_that_the_teachers_are_pleased_with_him.(so...that...)⑤He_has_made_such_great_progress_that_the_teachers_are_pleased_with_him.(such...that...)⑥So_great_has_the_progress_been_made_by_him_that_the_the_teachers_are_pleased_with_him.(so位于句首的倒裝句)⑦Such_great_progress_has_he_made_that_the_teachers_are_pleased_with_him.(such位于句首的倒裝句)[解其困](1)so＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(adj./adv.＋that...,adj.＋an＋可數名詞單數＋that...,many/few＋可數名詞復數＋that...,much/little少的＋不可數名詞＋that...))(2)such＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(adj.＋不可數名詞＋that...,adj.＋可數名詞復數＋that...,an＋adj.＋可數名詞單數＋that...))(3)當so＋形容詞/副詞及such...放在句首時，主句要用部分倒裝。學案(三)高考語篇的價值發掘——提升學科素養2019浙江6月高考·閱讀理解C篇——對接課標主題：人與環境、人與動植物(一)精讀真題——拓展語言能力(語篇中黑體詞匯為主題詞匯，請注意積累并揣摩其用法)[1]Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素)．[2]Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawasspared①orunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.[3]Manyfactorscontributedto②thedecline,saidPatrickMcIntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargeted③bigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatpetewithbigtreesforresources(資源)．[4]Buteq\o(inparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanother,\s\do4(1))onebetween2001and2010,McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.[5]Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithaputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettinginparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪)．[6]Sincethe1930s,McIntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingup④waterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.［析微點·厚積語言基礎］①微積累——熟詞生義：spareadj.空閑的；閑置的；備用的v．留出；拔出；省出(熟義)v．幸免；使逃脫(生義)②通多義——contributeto促進；有助于；撰稿；捐獻③微點撥——名詞動用：targetn．目標；指標v.把……作為攻擊目標通句式——句子(1)中“inparing...2010”為介詞短語作狀語，that引導定語從句修飾先行詞“awidespreaddeathofbigtrees”。④微積累——drive短語driveup抬高，使上升drivedown壓低；使下跌driveaway驅車離開；趕跑[理脈絡——內化讀文規律](二)解析真題——感悟素養立意[考什么·怎么考——真題再做]27．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia.B．TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.C．ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.D．TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.解析：選A段落大意題。根據第二段中的“Thenumberoftrees...declinedby50percent...morethan55percent...75percent.”提到的數字可知，該段主要描述了加利福尼亞州森林中大樹急劇減少的嚴重性，故選A。28．Whichofthefollowingiswell-intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?A．Ecologicalstudiesofforests.B．Banningwoodcutting.C．Limitinghousingdevelopment.D．Firecontrolmeasures.解析：選D細節理解題。根據第三段中的“Aggressivewildfirecontrol..petewithbigtreesforresources(資源)．”可知，聲勢浩大的野外火災控制措施雖然一定程度上保護了森林，但同時也導致小樹泛濫，與大樹競爭資源，從而導致大樹數量減少，故選D。29．WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMcIntyre?A．Inadequatesnowmelt. B．Alongerdryseason.C．Awarmerclimate. D．Dampnessoftheair.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“McIntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures”可知，McIntyre認為水資源短缺的主要原因是逐漸上升的氣溫，故選C。30．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．California'sForests:WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?B．CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoonC．WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?D．PatrickMcIntyre:GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia解析：選A標題歸納題。閱讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了美國加利福尼亞州森林中大樹數量急劇減少的現象，并分析了其原因。因此A項能很好地概括全文。[為什么考·有何價值——導向解讀]一、發展思維品質文中第30題主要考查學生的概括性思維。如果只看到砍伐樹木，那就只看到了局部信息，而掉入命題人故意設置的陷阱，誤選B項。應結合第一段的主題句以及整篇文章的綜合敘述，加以概括可知，文章第一段就點出主題，后面各段具體分析了美國加利福尼亞州森林中大樹數量急劇減少的現象以及原因，故選A。二、聚焦核心價值本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了美國加利福尼亞州的森林中大樹急劇減少的現象及其原因，旨在引導學生了解社會發展不能違背自然規律。自然和人類社會的關系就恰如水與舟的關系，二者關系處理的好壞直接關系到整個人類社會的可持續發展。選文切合現實，對于提高人們的環保意識具有促進作用。(三)借力真題——發掘學習能力Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Themoneyisintendedforthedevelopment(develop)ofthetouristindustry.2．Hepeeredslowlyaroundthesmallcrowded(crowd)room.3．Thepanysuffered(suffer)hugelossesinthelastfinancialyear.4．Toavoiddampness(damp)，weshouldairtheroomregularly.5．Thesetreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage(short)．Ⅱ.補全句子1．Ibelievethateachofuscancontribute_to(做貢獻)thefutureoftheworld.2．In_parison_with/pared_with(與……相比)thepreviousstudy,thenewstudyexpandedresearchsubjects.3．Theriseofwagesdrove_up(抬高)thecostsofproduction,leadingtohigherprices.Ⅲ.分析長難句1．Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithaputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettinginparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪)．[句式解構]本句是一個含有一個定語從句和兩個賓語從句的主從復合句。主句的主語是Theresearchers，謂語動詞是figuredout。其中that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞“aputermodel”，在此從句中，第一個howmuch引導的從句作calculate的賓語；第二個howmuch引導的從句作inparisonwith的賓語。現在分詞短語“takingintoaccount...”作伴隨狀語。[句意翻譯]研究人員利用計算機模型計算出樹木用水的壓力，該模型計算出了樹木獲得的水量與它們所需的水量進行比較，并將降雨量、氣溫、土壤濕度和融雪時間等因素考慮在內。2．Sincethe1930s,McIntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.[句式解構]本句是一個含有兩個定語從句的主從復合句。句子的主干是thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperaturesandearliersnowmelt，主句的主語是thebiggestfactors，謂語動詞是havebeenrising。其中drivingupwaterstressinthestate為現在分詞短語作定語修飾thebiggestfactors；第一個which引導的定語從句修飾先行詞rising_temperatures；第二個which引導的定語從句修飾先行詞earlier_snowmelt。[句意翻譯]McIntyre說，自20世紀30年代以來，導致該州水資源緊張的最大因素是氣溫升高，這導致樹木向空氣中流失更多的水分，以及過早的融雪減少了樹木在旱季的水資源供應。Ⅳ.主題語境寫作假定你是李華。你班同學參加了學校的“地球日”系列活動。請以“ActionsforaGreenerEarth”為題，給校刊“英語角”寫一篇英文稿件，介紹活動的全過程。注意：1.詞數100左右；2．可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。參考詞匯：地球日EarthDayActionsforaGreenerEarth參考范文：ActionsforaGreenerEarthAweekbeforeEarthDay,posterswereputuparoundourschool，callinguponustojoinintheactionsforagreenerearth.Ourclasscameupwiththeideatomakebetteruseofusedmaterials.Webroughttoourclassroomworn-outclothes,piecesofcardboardandemptyplasticbottles，andturnedthoseintodolls，handbagsandsmallvases.Thatweekend,wewenttoanearbyneighborhoodandgavethemawaytothepeoplethere.Allwereveryhappywiththoseunexpectedgifts,especiallylittlekidsandelderlypeople.Wedidsowellthatwewereinvitedtoshareourideasandexperiencewithallthestudentsofourschool.Weareveryproudofourselvesandbelievewecandomoreforabetterworld.課下主題訓練人與環境、人與動植物Ⅰ.閱讀理解AMostofthesandstormsthathadsweptChinalastyearcamefromforeignland,aChineseofficialinchargeofdesertification(荒漠化)controlsaidonMonday.Andtheinvasions(入侵)couldpartlyexplainthefrequentsandstormsinthecountryinrecentyearsdespiteitsachievementsindesertificationcontrol.Sincethestartoflastspring,thenorthandnorthwesternChineseregionshadbeenhitby17sandstorms,ofwhich,adozencamefromforeignland.Situatedinthecentral-Asiasandstormregion,oneoftheworld'sfourlargestsandstormsources,ChinaalsosuffersfromsandstormsfromoutsidethecountrywhilebeingblamedasasandsourcetonortheastAsia.TheotherthreemajorsourcesareinAfrica,NorthAmericaandAustralia.Thelandsufferingfromdesertificationhasbeendecreasingby7,585squarekilometresannuallyinChina,andtheareaofsandylandhasalsobeenfallingby1,284squarekilometresayear.Theshrinkage(收縮)formsaclearcontrasttothefactthatthelandsufferingfromdesertificationandsandyfeaturewasaddedby10,400squarekilometresand3,436squarekilometreslatelastcentury,respectively.Currently,thedesertificationlandinChinamakesup2.64millionsquarekilometres,accountingfor27.46percentofthenation'sland,anditssandylandtotals1.74millionsquarekilometres,accountingfor18.1percentofthecountry'stotal.eq\x(語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。近年來中國遭受嚴重的風沙襲擊，而中國也被認為是風沙的來源之一，經過一番努力中國在治沙方面取得了顯著的成效。)1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decreasing”meaninParagraph4?A．Goingdown. B．Goingup.C．ingfrom. D．Takingup.解析：選A詞義猜測題。根據第四段最后一句中的“hasalsobeenfallingby1,284squarekilometresayear”可知，該詞的意思是“減少”，故選A項。2．WheredomostofthesandstormsinChinaefrom?A．ThenorthwesternChineseregions.B．ThenorthernChineseregions.C．ThewesternpartofChina.D．Foreigncountries.解析：選D細節理解題。根據第一段第一句可知，去年襲擊中國的沙塵暴大部分來自外國，故選D項。3．WhichofthefollowingisbelievedtobethesandsourcetonortheastAsia?A．Mongolia. B．Africa.C．China. D．Australia.解析：選C細節理解題。根據第三段第一句中的“Chinaalsosuffersfromsandstorms...sandsourcetonortheastAsia”可知，中國被認為是東北亞風沙的來源地，故選C項。4．Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A．ThelandinChinasufferingfromdesertificationhasbeenincreasinggreatly.B．Chinahasmadeachievementsinitsowndesertificationcontrol.C．ThedesertificationlandmakesupnearlyhalfofChina'sterritory.D．LittleprogresshasbeenmadeincontrollingdesertificationinChina.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據第四段可知，遭受風沙襲擊的土地每年減少7585平方千米，由此沙地的區域每年減少1284平方千米，由此可推知控制沙漠化取得了成效，故選B項。B(2021·六安高三檢測)Severalyearsagoclimatechangewasacontroversialsubjectwithmanypeopleinsistingitdidn'texist.Today,fewpeopledoubtthattheclimateischanginginunfortableanddangerousways.Forme,livingonanislandoffthewestcoastofCanada,climatechangedidn'tdirectlyaffectme.Thatchangedthissummer.TherearealwaysafewwildfiresintheforestsofCanadainsummerbutthisyearhasbeenexceptionallybadaswe'vehad,forpracticalpurposes,norainatall.Thenthefiresstartedandmanyfamilieshavelosttheirhomestotheflames.InearlyAugustwewokeuponedaytoaheavysmokefromthemainland.Itwasdarkforseveraldays.BySeptember,againthesunhasbeenblockedbysmoke,thistimefromWashingtonandOregonintheUnitedStates.Thesmokehascoveredusforaboutaweek.Inthemorethantwentyyearswe'veneverbeforehadthishappen.Nowwe'vebeenblanketedbysmoketwiceinonesummer.Thechangeinourclimateisclearanditdoesn'tbode(預兆)well.Alreadyourseasidetownisputtingregulationsinplaceandmakingplanstodealwithariseinsealevel.However,ifthesealevelesupmorethanafewmeterswecouldhavebigproblems.Idon'tpretendtounderstandallthecausesofclimatechangeorthebestwaysoffixingitif,indeed,itcanbefixed.Itis,however,beingincreasinglynoticeable.LastnightweweresupposedtobeabletoseetheNorthernLightsbutthesmokepreventedthat.Butthere'ssomegoodnews.Ihavejustnoticedthatforthefirsttimeinmonthsitisraining.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。作者通過講述自身經歷，闡述了氣候變化越來越嚴重，已經影響到了人們的生活和家園。5．Whendidtheauthorbegintobeaffectedbyclimatechange？A.Afterthesmokydays. B．InAugustthissummer.C．Onarrivingattheisland. D．Whenthefirstfirebrokeout.解析：選B細節理解題。根據第二段中的“InearlyAugust...aweek.”可知，今年夏天的八月，作者開始被氣候變化所影響。故選B。6．Whatdidtheseasidetowndowithclimatechange?A．Itfoundthecauses. B．Itsolvedtheproblems.