UNIT3SectionⅡ一、語言基礎訓練Ⅰ.單詞拼法1．Theriverbasin(流域)ishometothisrarespeciesoffish.2．Chinahasbeenpushingforwardwiththereform(改革)ofthewelfaresystemforthebenefitofallitscitizens.3．Asisknowntoall,abalanceddietandmoderate(適度的)exerciseeverydayarebeneficialtohealth.4．Heisgivingtheannual(每年的)reporttothecommittee.5．Vaccinedevelopmenttakesmonthsandevenyearsbecausethevaccinesmustundergo(經驗)extensivetesting.6．Onlywhenwerealizetheimportanceofhelpingeachothercanwebedevotedtobuildingaharmonious(和諧的)society.7．Completedprojectsmustbesubmitted(提交)by10March.8．Heavysnowhascausedtotalchaos(混亂)ontheroads.9．Heisverysensitive(敏感)toclimatechange.10．Themountainareaiscoveredentirelyindensejungle(叢林)．Ⅱ.將干脆引語變成間接引語1．Johnsaid，“Iwanttotakepartinthe2024OlympicGames.”→Johnsaidthathewantedtotakepartinthe2024OlympicGames.2．HesaidtoKate，“Howisyoursisternow？”→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.3．Mr.Smithsaid，“Hisvoiceiswonderful.”→Mr.Smithsaidthathisvoicewaswonderful.4．Hesaid，“Mysisterwantstogowithme.”→Hesaidthathissisterwantedtogowithhim.5．Shesaid(tome),“Ilikethisbookverymuch.”→Shetoldmethatshelikedthatbookverymuch.6．Shesaid(tohim),“Youhaven'treturnedmemybook.”→Shetoldhimthathehadn'treturnedherherbook.7．Hesaid，“ThefilmhadbegunwhenIgottothecinema.”→Hesaidthatthefilmhadbegunwhenhegottothecinema.8．Iaskedtheteacher，“Whenshallwehaveoursportsmeeting？”→Iaskedtheteacherwhenweshouldhaveoursportsmeeting.9．“Let'sgotothecountryforapicnic，”Petersaidtome.→Peteradvisedmetogotothecountryforapicnicwithhim.10．“Givemeahand,please，”shesaidtotheboy.→Sheaskedtheboytogiveherahand.Ⅲ.單句語法填空1．Heaskedwhocouldtelltheexacttimewhentheproblemwouldbesolved.解析：句意：他問誰能告知這個問題能夠被解決的準確時間。間接引語用陳述語序；who應位于間接引語的開頭。故填who。2．“Haveyoueverbeentotheseaside？”heaskedme.→HeaskedmeifIhadeverbeentotheseaside.解析：句意：他問我是否去過海邊。干脆引語是一般疑問句，間接引語要變成由whether/if引導的賓語從句；主句動詞用了過去時態，干脆引語為現在完成時，變成間接引語時要用過去完成時。故填had。3．Atouristexplainedtoaforeignerwhytheflagflew(fly)athalf-mast(下半旗)．解析：句意：一位游客向一個外國人說明為什么降半旗。依據主句謂語可知應用過去時。故填flew。4．Weweretoldthattherewas(be)goingtobeanEnglishcornerinthehallat7o'clockp．m.解析：句意：有人告知我們下午七點在大廳有一個英語角。主句為一般過去時，在間接引語中，要用過去時態。而且anEnglishcorner為單數，因此用was。故填was。5．Heasked,“WhendidCambodia'sformerKingpassaway？”→HeaskedwhenCambodia'sformerKinghadpassedaway.解析：句意：他問柬埔寨前國王是何時去世的。干脆引語是一般過去時，變為間接引語時要變成過去完成時。故填hadpassed。6．Hesaid，“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.”→Hetoldhismotherthattheboywasverynaughty.解析：句意：他跟媽媽說那個男孩很調皮。陳述句變間接引語時，主句動詞可以用tell。故填told。7．HetolduslastnightthattheflighttoShanghaitakes(take)offateighttomorrow.解析：句意：昨晚他告知我們到上海的航班明天八點起飛。干脆引語表達的為客觀現象，為時刻表規定的內容，變為間接引語時謂語動詞需用一般現在時。故填takes。8．Theheadteachertoldusthatmostofthestudentswere(be)borninthe1990s.解析：句意：校長告知我們大多數學生誕生于20世紀90年頭。有詳細的過去時間作狀語的干脆引語變為間接引語時，時態不變，仍舊用一般過去時。故填were。9．“Didthecoldweatherreallybegin？”thechildsaidtohismother.→Thechildaskedhismotherwhether/ifthecoldweatherhadreallybegun.解析：句意：孩子問媽媽寒冷的天氣是否已真正起先。變間接引語時一般疑問句變為whether/if引導的賓語從句。故填whether/if。10．Aspokesmansaidtheotherdaythatthecompanyhadsaid(say)“sorry”tosomeunderage(未成年的)workersforhiringthem.解析：句意：幾天前一位發言人說這家公司因雇用未成年工人已向他們致歉。故填hadsaid。二、培優提升訓練Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2024·遼寧省錦州市高二期末)Asclimatechangebecomesseveresummeraftersummer,millionsofpeoplearefindingthemselvescoveredinwildfiresmoke,includingthoseinNorthAmericajustthispastmonth.Itisbadforourhealth.Itisalsoreallydisturbing,butwedon'ttalkaboutthatasmuch.Weoftenusetheterms“atmosphere”or“climate”torefertothemoodofasituation.Weusemetaphors(比方)todescribeaffectivestates,suchas“feelingundertheweather”or“oncloudnine”．Suchlanguagesuggeststhatweunderstandthathumanemotionsareintimatelyrelatedtotheatmosphericphenomena.Yetrarelydowepayattentiontothewayswefeelclimatechange.Butwildfiresmokeshowshowaffectiveclimatechangecanbe.Forexample,wildfiresmokeisoftenreferredtousingemotionalphrasessuchas“airofdread”．Throughlivingwiththesmokeandthepanicitgenerates,wecanthinkmorecarefullyaboutthewaysweexperienceclimatechange,andcrucially,whyandhowweneedtorespondtoit.Weoftenthinkofclimatechangeimpactsasfaraway,separatefromourbodies,becausesciencetypicallyusesglobalrepresentationsandstatisticalinformation.Butwildfiresmokespreadsandpollutesourbodies,andindeed,crossesmanyotherboundaries;itdriftsfromruralareasintobigcities;anditcrossesstateandnationalborderswithease.Ofcourse,somebordersaremorepermeable(滲透的),andsomebodiesmoresensitivetothesmoke.Throughitsabilitytopassthroughandbecomepartofourverybeing,wildfiresmokeiscloserinnaturetotheairpollutionwenormallythinkofasoneofthecausesofclimatechange.Wildfiresmokeisbothanimpactandacauseofclimatechange.Itexplainsthenatureofclimatechangeimpactsandtheself-reinforcing(自我強化)feedbackcirclesthatcan,andmay,leadtotheplanetwarmingitselfindependentofhumanactions.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了氣候變更導致野火不斷，其產生的煙霧加強了人們對氣候變更的相識。1．Whatcanwelearnaboutpeople'sreactiontoclimatechange?DA．Theyarecuriousaboutit.B．Theytakeitveryseriously.C．Theyfeelpowerlessaboutit.D．Theypaylittleattentiontoit.解析：推理推斷題。依據第一段的“Itisbadforourhealth.Itisalsoreallydisturbing,butwedon'ttalkaboutthatasmuch.(它對我們的健康有害。這也很令人擔心，但我們很少談論這個。)”和其次段最終一句“Yetrarelydowepayattentiontothewayswefeelclimatechange.(然而，我們很少會關注我們對氣候變更的感受。)”可知，雖然氣候變更會造成野火，且其產生的煙霧會對人們的健康造成損害，但人們很少談論它，也很少關注對于氣候變更的感受。故選D。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intimately”inParagraph2mean?AA．Closely. B．Naturally.C．Certainly. D．Unexpectedly.解析：詞義揣測題。依據其次段的前兩句可知，人們常常運用“大氣”或“氣候”之類的詞匯來指代某種狀況下的心情；常常用比方來描述情感狀態，如“feelingundertheweather(感覺不舒適)”和“oncloudnine(在九霄云上；狂喜)”。再結合畫線詞所在句(這種語言表明，我們可以理解，人類的情感與大氣現象intimately相關)可知，這些語言表明我們人類的心情與大氣現象有著特別親密的關系。由此可知，畫線詞intimately與closely“親密的”意思相近。故選A。3．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofwildfiresmoke?AA．Itallowspeopletosenseclimatechange.B．Itdoeslittleharmtopeople'shealth.C．Itinfluencespeople'smood.D．Itattractsscientists'deepconcernsworldwide.解析：推理推斷題。依據第四段的內容可推知，作者認為野火煙霧讓人們準確地感受到了氣候變更帶來的影響。故選A。4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?CA．WhySmokefromWildfiresHarmsUsB．HowWeCanObserveClimateChangeC．WhatSmokefromWildfiresCanTeachUsD．WhatWeCanDotoAvoidSmokefromWildfires解析：標題歸納題。依據第一段內容以及下文可知，文章主要介紹了氣候變更導致野火不斷，其產生的煙霧加強了人們對氣候變更的相識。由此可知，C選項(野火產生的煙霧能教會我們什么)最適合作為文章的標題。故選C。B(2024·湖南省部分學校高三聯考)Researchershavedevelopedadevicethatturnssunlight,carbondioxideandwaterintooxygenandformicacid(甲酸)—astablefuelthatcaneitherbeuseddirectlyorbechangedintohydrogen,withoutrequiringanyadditionalcomponentsorelectricity.Thedevice,developedbyateamfromtheUniversityofCambridge,isasignificantsteptowardachievingartificialphotosynthesis(光合作用)．Harvestingsolarenergytoturncarbondioxideintofuelsisapromisingwaytoreducecarbonemissions.However,itischallengingtoproducethesecleanfuelswithoutunwantedby-products.“Inaddition,storageofgaseousfuelscanbecomplicated—wewanttogettothepointwherewecancleanlyproducealiquidfuelthatcanalsobeeasilystoredandtransported，”saidProfessorEisner,seniorauthorofthestudy.In2024,researchersfromEisner'sgroupdevelopedasolarreactorbasedonan“artificialleaf”design,whichalsousessunlight,carbondioxideandwatertoproduceafuel,knownassyngas.Thenewtechnologyisquitesimilartotheartificialleafbutworksinadifferentwayandproducesformicacid,whichcanbechemicallyconvertedintodifferenttypesoffuel.Theartificialleafusedcomponentsfromsolar-cells,whilethenewdevicedoesn'trequirethesecomponentsandreliesentirelyonphotocatalysts(光催化劑)placedonasheet.Thesheetsaremadeupofsemiconductorpowders,whichcanbepreparedinlargequantitieseasilyandcost-effectively.Inaddition,thisnewtechnologyproducescleanfuelsthatareeasiertostore.“Weweresurprisedhowwellitworked—itproducedalmostnoby-products，”saidEisner.“Sometimesthingsdon'tworkaswellasyouexpected,butthiswasararecasewhereitactuallyworkedbetter.”Theresearchersarenowworkingtofurtherimproveefficiency.Additionally,theyareexploringothercatalyststogetdifferentsolarfuels.“Wehopethistechnologywillpavethewaytowardsustainableandpracticalsolarfuelproduction，”saidEisner.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。探討人員模擬光合作用獨創了一種新設備，可將陽光、二氧化碳和水轉化成清潔能源。5．Whatwasaproblemwithartificialphotosynthesis?CA．Itconsumestoomuchelectricity.B．Itproducestoomanyby-products.C．Theenergyitproducesisnoteasytostore.D．Theenergyitproducescannotbeuseddirectly.解析：細微環節理解題。依據其次段中的“Inaddition,storageofgaseousfuelscanbecomplicated—wewanttogettothepointwherewecancleanlyproducealiquidfuelthatcanalsobeeasilystoredandtransported(此外，氣體燃料的儲存可能很困難——我們希望達到這樣一種程度，即我們可以清潔地生產出一種液體燃料，同時也可以便利地儲存和運輸)”可知，人工光合作用的一個問題就是產生的氣態燃料不易儲存。故選C。6．Whatadvantagedoesthenewdevicehaveovertheartificialleaf?CA．Itismoreenvironment-friendly.B．Itislighterandeasiertocarry.C．Itismoreeconomicalandefficient.D．Ituseslessenergy-demandingsolarcells.解析：細微環節理解題。依據第四段內容可知，與人造葉子相比，新設備既經濟又高效。故選C。7．Whatdotheresearchersfocusondoingnow?AA．Tryingoutnewcatalysts.B．Makingfulluseofby-products.C．Exploringothersustainablefuels.D．Mass-producingtheirnewdevice.解析：細微環節理解題。依據最終一段中的“Additionally,theyareexploringothercatalyststogetdifferentsolarfuels.(此外，他們正在探究其他催化劑以獲得不同的太陽能燃料。)”可知，探討人員現在專注于試驗新的催化劑。故選A。8．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?BA．TheprospectofartificialphotosynthesisB．AnewdeviceforartificialphotosynthesisC．OpportunitiesandchallengesofphotocatalystsD．Artificialleaf:greatprogressonmakingcleanenergy解析：標題歸納題。依據第一段內容可知，文章主要介紹了探討人員獨創的一種可用于人工光合作用的新設備。由此可知，B.(人工光合作用的新裝置)適合作本文最佳標題。故選B。Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·遼寧營口市高二期末)AsourEarth'stemperaturewarmsupbecauseofclimatechange,itishavingunexpectedeffectsonourworld'sforests.Whentemperaturesrise,treesclosetheirskinsto1.Bthelossofwater,andthis,inturn,slowsdownthe2.Cofphotosynthesis(光合作用)．Asaresult,thesetreesareshorterandgrowslowly,aswellashavea3.Adeathrate.Climatechangealsoincreasesthe4.Dofdroughtsandwildfires.Afterwildfires,ittakesawhilefortheforestsystemsto5.C,andinsomecases,theforestsare6.Bpermanently.Treesthatarestressedarealso7.Atoattacksbybacteria(細菌)．Intropicalforests,vinesthatusethetreesas8.Dcanoftenchokethetreesandrobthemofnutrients.Finally,humanshave9.Ctheforestlandscapethroughlogging.Whentreesarereplantedonthesoil,theywillnevergrowaslargeasthe10.Btreesthatwerecutdown.Astheseforestsdisappear,speciesthatoncecalledthem“home”areforcedtochange,11.Athevarietyofthosesystems.12.D,someendangeredspeciesareunableto13.Canddie.Old-growthforestsaredisappearinginallregionsofourworld.Whenforestsdie,youngerforeststhatarereestablishedinthesameareagrowbackweakerandsmaller14.Apoorvegetation.Withtreesdyingincreasinglyandcontinuously,willfuturegenerations15.Boutonthewondersofforests?語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明白由于氣候變更，地球溫度上升，這對我們世界的森林產生了意想不到的影響。先是溫度上升導致樹木矮小，生長緩慢，死亡率高；其次，氣候變更也增加了干旱和野火的可能性，野火導致了森林的消逝，因此以森林為“家”的物種被迫發生變更，甚至死亡。1．A.protect B．preventC．save D．free解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當溫度上升時，樹木會將樹皮閉合，以防止水分流失，而這反過來又會減慢光合作用的進程。依據后文“thelossofwater”可知樹木將皮膚閉合是為了阻擋水分的流失。A.protect愛護；B.prevent阻擋；C.save挽救；D.free釋放。故選B。2．A.movement B．situationC．process D．operation解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當溫度上升時，樹木會將樹皮閉合，以防止水分流失，而這反過來又會減慢光合作用的進程。結合上下文語境，樹木閉合了樹皮來防止水分流失，這反過來又減緩了光合作用的進程(process)。A.movement活動；B.situation狀況；C.process進程；D.operation操作。故選C。3．A.higher B．firmerC．lighter D．smaller解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，這些樹較矮，生長緩慢，死亡率也較高。依據上文“thesetreesareshorterandgrowslowly”可知樹木矮小，生長緩慢，所以死亡率也會更高了。B.firmer較堅實的。故選A。4．A.choice B．measureC．qualification D．chance解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：氣候變更也增加了干旱和野火的可能性。依據后文“Afterwildfires”可知全球氣溫上升增加了干旱和野火發生的可能性。A.choice選擇；B.measure測量；C.qualification資格；D.chance可能性，機會。故選D。5．A.grow B．rescueC．recover D．decline解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：野火過后，森林系統須要一段時間才能復原，在某些狀況下，森林會永久無法復原。結合上文“Afterwildfires,ittakesawhilefortheforestsystemsto”可知野火焚燒了森林之后，森林系統須要時間才能復原。B.rescue營救；C.recover復原；D.decline下降。故選C。6．A.ignored B．lostC．hurt D．left解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：野火過后，森林系統須要一段時間才能復原，在某些狀況下，森林會永久無法復原。結合上文可知野火焚燒了森林，森林須要時間來復原，但是某些狀況下，森林也可能不能復原了。A.ignored被忽視的；B.lost無法復原的，失去的；C.hurt受傷的；D.left左邊的，剩下的。故選B。7．A.accessible B．enjoyableC．acceptable D．favorable解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：壓力大的樹木也簡單受到細菌的攻擊。依據后文“toattacksbybacteria(細菌)”可知樹木也簡單受到細菌的攻擊。短語beaccessibleto“簡單進入的，簡單接近的”。A.accessible易接近的；B.enjoyable歡樂的；C.acceptable可接受的；D.favorable贊成的。故選A。8．A.attention B．commandC．trust D．support解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在熱帶森林中，以樹木為支撐的藤本植物常常會窒息樹木，并剝奪樹木的養分。結合上文“vinesthatusethetreesas”可知藤本