PAGEPAGE11.那些在童年時代就成為狂熱的體育愛好者的人在長大后更有可能擁有積極的生活方式,以及更加健康和有活力.Thosewhobecame

avidsportsenthusiasts(1.狂熱的體育愛好者)duringchildhoodaremuchmorelikelytoleadanactivelifestyleasadultsandenjoygreaterhealthand

vitality(2.活力).

1-sportsenthusiasts詞典釋義：enthusiast

UK

[?n'θju：.zi.?st]

US

[-'θu：-]

noun

countable

■apersonwhoisveryinterestedinandinvolvedwitha

particularsubjectoractivity

熱衷于…的人;熱心者;愛好者?akeep-fit

enthusiast熱衷健身運動的人?amodel-aircraft

enthusiast飛機模型愛好者

外刊例句：Withsummerjustaroundthecornerinthe

northernhemisphere,manymountain-sports

enthusiasts

arestashingtheirskisandsnowboardsawayinthecupboard

anddustingoffkitusedtogoupmountainsratherthandownthem.

()隨著北半球的夏天逐步來臨,許多山地運動愛好者正把滑雪板收進櫥柜里,拿出用于登山而非下山的運動器材,掃除其灰塵.

替換表達：devoteesofsports

2-vitality

詞典釋義：vitality

●○○○○1.N-UNCOUNT

不可數名詞

活力;生命力;熱情

Ifyousaythatsomeoneorsomethinghas

vitality,youmeanthatthey

havegreatenergyandliveliness.?Withoutcontinuedlearning,graduateswilllosetheir

intellectual

vitality...如果不繼續學習,畢業生就會失去思想上的活力.

?MrLisaidChina'sreformshadbrought

vitality

toitseconomy.李先生說中國的改革給其經濟注入了活力.

外刊例句：In

alllivingthingstheremustbeacertainunity,aprincipleof

vitality

andgrowth.()一切生物間肯定有一一致性,那就是活力與成長的法則.

替換表達：vigour

2.據估計中國有百分之五的人口患有抑郁癥,而平均每四名大學生里就有一名有某種形式的精神健康問題.不幸的是,許多需要尋求心理咨詢的人卻不敢尋求幫助,因為他們認為尋求心理咨詢是一種懦弱的行為.ItisestimatedthatfivepercentoftheChinesepopulation

suffersfromdepression(1.患有抑郁癥),whileoneineveryfourcollegestudentshassomeformof

mentalhealthproblem(2.精神健康問題).Unfortunately,manypeoplewhorequire

psychiatriccounseling(3.心理咨詢)areafraidtoseekit,duetothebeliefthatdoingsowouldbeanactof

cowardice(4.懦弱).

1-sufferfromdepression

詞典釋義：

depression

[d?'pre?.?n]

noun

UNHAPPINESS

不快樂

ADVANCED

uncountable

■thestateoffeelingveryunhappyandwithouthopefor

thefuture

憂郁,抑郁;消沉,沮喪?Iwasoverwhelmedbyfeelingsof

depression.我萬念俱灰.

ADVANCED

countable

or

uncountable

■amentalillnessinwhichapersonisveryunhappyand

anxious(=worriedandnervous)forlongperiodsandcannothaveanormal

lifeduringtheseperiods

抑郁癥?Tiredness,lossofappetiteandsleepingproblemsareall

classicsymptomsof

depression.乏力、沒有食欲和失眠都是抑郁癥的典型癥狀.?Ifyou

sufferfrom

depression,it'sbestto

getprofessionalhelp.如果你患有抑郁癥,最好向專業人士求助.

外刊例句：Todayaround15%ofpeopleindeveloped

countries

sufferfromdepression,

andtheillnessshowsnosignofabating.

()現今約15%的發達國家人群飽受抑郁癥折磨,而且該疾病毫無消退跡象.

替換表達：experience/havedepression,sufferfromdepressivedisorders

2-mentalhealthproblem

詞典釋義：mental

health

n.(名詞)1.Astateofemotionalandpsychologicalwell-being

inwhichanindividualisabletousehisorhercognitiveandemotional

capabilities,functioninsociety,andmeettheordinarydemandsofeveryday

life.健康情緒,心理健康：情緒及心理上的理想狀態,讓個人可以在社會中使用他(她)的認知及情緒能力,并符合日常生活的一般需求

外刊例句：

Inthepastyearanumberofcampaignshave

beenlaunchedtoencouragementotalkabouttheir

mentalhealthproblems.

()去年,人們舉行了一系列活動,鼓勵男性談論其心理健康問題.

替換表達：mentaldisorders/psychologicalproblems

3-psychiatriccounseling

詞典釋義：psychiatric

[?sa?.ki'?t.r?k]

adjective

ADVANCED

■oforrelatingtothestudyofmentalillness

精神病(學)的?psychiatric

treatment精神病治療?a

psychiatric

patient精神病人?thehospital's

psychiatric

unit醫院的精神科

counselling

●●○○○inAM,use美國英語用

counseling1.N-UNCOUNT

不可數名詞

(治療師或其他專家提供的)咨詢,建議

Counselling

isadvicewhichatherapistorotherexpertgivestosomeone

aboutaparticularproblem.?Shewillneedmedicalhelpand

counselling

toovercomethetragedy...她需要借助醫學治療和心理咨詢來克服慘劇帶來的影響.

?Shebroughtherhusbandinformarriagecounseling.她帶丈夫來進行婚姻咨詢.

外刊例句：Some

thinkthatpeoplewith

psychiatric

conditionsarepossessedbyevilspirits.()某些人認為,有心理疾病的人是被惡靈控制了.

替換表達：psychologicalcounseling/psychologicalconsultations

4-cowardice

詞典釋義：cowardice1.N-UNCOUNT

不可數名詞

懼怕;膽小;懦弱

Cowardice

is

cowardlybehaviour.?Heopenlyaccusedhisopponentsof

cowardice.他公然指責對手膽小懦弱.

外刊例句：All306Britishfirstworldwarsoldiers

executedfordesertionor

cowardice

aretobepardoned,DesBrowne,thedefencesecretary,willannouncetoday.()國防部長丹斯·布朗恩將于今日宣布,總共306名在一戰中因為擅離軍隊或逃離軍隊而被處決的英國士兵將得到赦免.

Q：請問老師這里"fivepercentofthe

Chinesepopulationsuffersfromdepression”suffer到底加不加s?看有的地方說不用,"當主語是表示\"人口的百分之幾、幾分之幾\"時,謂語動詞用復數形式.”比較迷茫A：population既可以當單數名詞,也可以當復數名詞,原文的theChinesepopulation是作為單數名詞使用,因為后面的suffer要使用第三人稱單數形式.不管主語前面有沒有"百分之幾”的修飾,主語后面的謂語動詞都應該跟主語單復數保持一致,例如牛津詞典例句：Onethirdoftheworld'spopulationconsumes/consumetenthirds

oftheworld'sresources.世界上三分之一的人口消耗著全球三分之二的資源.

Q：Chinese就表示中國人了,population就指全體人口了,我覺得應該已經是特指了.為什么前面還要加the?A：Chinese是一個形容詞,population是一個單數名詞,前面必須要有冠詞來修飾.

3.比起治療身體疾病,治療精神健康問題往往是一個更加漫長的過程;一些精神疾病需要多年不間斷的治療,而另外一些甚至需要用一生的時間去克服.Treatingamentalhealthproblemtendstobe

amuchmoreprotractedprocess(1.一個更加漫長的過程)thandealingwithaphysicalailment;some

psychologicaldisorders

(2.精神疾病)require

yearsofongoingtherapy(3.多年不間斷的治療),whileothersmayeventakealifetimetoovercome.

1-amuchmoreprotractedprocess

詞典釋義：protracted

[pr?'tr?k.t?d]

adjective

■lastingforalongtimeormadetolastlonger

持久的;延長的;拖延的?protracted

negotiations持久的談判?a

protracted

argument/discussion曠日費時的爭論／討論

外刊例句：Protestsbrokeoutasthe

protractedprocess

ofdrawingupaconstitution—theseventhsince

1950—cametoanunexpectedlyrapidclose.

()憲法制定過程曠日持久(自1950年的第七次制定),但卻出乎意料地突然結束,游行示威因此而爆發了.

替換表達：amuchlengthierprocess

學生錯誤表達：amuchmore

lengthyprocess點評：lengthy的比較級是lengthier,不能說amuchmorelengthyprocess,要說amuchlengthierprocess

2-psychologicaldisorders

詞典釋義：psychological

UK

[?sa?.k?l'?d?.?.k?l]

US

[-k?'lɑ：.d??-]

adjective

IMPROVER

■relatingtothehumanmindandfeelings

心理的;心理學的?psychological

problems心理問題?Heclaimsthattheconstantaircraftnoisehasabad

psychological

effectontheresidents.他聲稱持續不斷的飛機噪音給居民造成了不良的心理影響.?Weareconcernedwiththephysicaland

psychological

well-beingofouremployees.我們關心員工的身心健康.■(ofanillnessorotherphysicalproblem)causedbyworry

orsadness

由焦慮(或悲傷)引起的;存在于心理上的?Isuspecthisheadachesarepurely

psychological.我懷疑他的頭痛純粹是心理作用.

disorderUK

[d?'s?：.d?r]

US

[-'s?：r.d?]

noun

ILLNESS

疾病

countable

or

uncountable

■anillnessofthemindorbody

失調,紊亂?a

blood

disorder血液失調?Thefamilyhaveahistoryof

mental

disorder.該家族有精神病史.

外刊例句：Theanalysisusedonlylarge-scalestudies,

whichlookedatthegeneralpopulation,tocontrolformenbeinglesslikely

toseekhelpfor

psychological

disorders

thanwomen.

()這種分析方法僅用于聚焦于廣大群眾的大型實驗,該實驗為了探尋究竟是什么控制因素導致男性在精神疾病方面比女性更少向外界尋求幫助.

替換表達：mentalillnesses/mentaldisorders

學生錯誤表達：physical

illnesses點評：physical

illnesses是指"身體上的疾病”,這里要改為mentalillnesses

3-yearsofongoingtherapy

詞典釋義：ongoingUK

['???g??.??]

UK

[?-'--]

US

['ɑ：n?go?-]

adjective

ADVANCED

■continuingtoexistordevelop,orhappeningatthe

presentmoment

持續存在的;不斷發展的;繼續進行的;進行中的?an

ongoing

investigation/process/project持續進行的調查／持續的過程／正在實施的工程?Noagreementhasyetbeenreachedandthenegotiationsare

still

ongoing.還沒有達成任何協議,談判仍在進行.

therapy['θer.?.pi]

noun

countable

or

uncountable

IMPROVER

■atreatmentwhichhelpssomeonefeelbetter,grow

stronger,etc.,especiallyafteranillness

治療;療法

?occupational

therapy職業療法?speech

therapy言語治療?group

therapy集體治療?Joiningaclubcanbe

a

therapy

for

loneliness.加入俱樂部可能是消解孤獨的一種方法.

外刊例句：Special-needs

childrenwillneed

ongoingtherapy

whichmay,ormaynot,befunded.()有特殊需要的孩子得接受常年不斷的治療,而這種治療是否有資金贊助可說不準.

替換表達：treatmentoveralongperiodoftime/yearsofconsistenttherapy

Q：為什么心理咨詢用的是psychiatric(精神的),而精神疾病用的卻是psychological(心理的)?A：psychiatriccounselling/counseling(心理咨詢)是一個固定名詞,這里可以直接記住.

4.大學生往往會比其他人更容易遭受抑郁癥.對于學生來說,不管這一精神疾病是已經存在還是潛在會發生,為了治療它,學生需要認識它的癥狀,生活上做出積極的改變,以及愿意從其他人那里尋求幫助.Universitystudentstendto

bemoresusceptibleto

(1.更容易遭受)depressionthanothers.Inordertodealwiththismentaldisorder,whetherexistingorpotential,studentsneedtounderstandits

symptoms(2.癥狀),

makeproactivelifechanges(3.生活上做出積極的改變),andbewillingtoseekhelpfromothers.

1-bemoresusceptibleto

詞典釋義：susceptible

[s?'sep.t?.bl]

adjective

INFLUENCED

受影響的

■easilyinfluencedorharmedbysomething

易受影響的,易受傷害的?Sheisn'tvery

susceptible

to

flattery.她不太聽信別人的奉承.?Theseplantsareparticularly

susceptible

to

frost.這些植物很容易受霜凍影響.?Amongparticularly

susceptible

children,the

diseasecandevelopveryfast.在特別易受感染的兒童中,這種疾病會擴展得非常迅速.

外刊例句：Thenatureofthesereactionsmeansepigenetic

processes

aresusceptibleto

chemicalinterventioninawaythatgeneticmutationsarenot.()這些反應的本質意味著表觀基因遺傳過程極易受化學方式干擾,而這種方式卻對基因突變無效.

替換表達：bemorevulnerableto/beproneto

2-symptoms

詞典釋義：symptom['s?mp.t?m]

noun

countable

IMPROVER

■anyfeelingofillnessorphysicalormentalchangewhich

iscausedbyaparticulardisease

(疾病的)癥狀

?He'scomplainingofalltheusualflu

symptoms

-a

hightemperature,headacheandsoon.他抱怨所有常見的感冒癥狀——高燒、頭痛等,都出現在他身上.?He'sbeenHIV-positiveforsixyears,butjustrecently

he'sstartedto

develop

the

symptoms

ofAIDS.他HIV病毒檢測呈陽性反應已有六年了,但直到最近才開始出現艾滋病的征狀.

外刊例句：Thenetworkhasbeenaccusedofdealingwith

the

symptoms

ofangerinthe

provincesratherthanitscauses.

()(人們)指責該電視臺只懂關注外省人民憤怒的表現,而毫不關心其原因.

3-makeproactivelifechanges

詞典釋義：proactiveUK

[?pr??'?k.t?v]

US

[?pro?-]

adjective