基于英語“形合”的完型填空解題指導LearningobjectivesInthislesson,wewill1.obtainsomerelativebackgroundinformationofclozetest;2.understandwhyEnglishhypotaxiscanbeusedtodoclozetest;3.trytouseEnglishhypotaxistodoclozetest.Step1:Lead-inHowtodrawapicturelikethis?abcde123456Conclusion1:

繪畫的過程即完形的過程，由整體到局部。由輪廓到細節。f1）Orderingtask:Inference1:StepstodoclozetestSkimtogetthegeneralidea.Foucsonthefirstsentenceorparagraph.Step1:Finishtheblanksasmanyasyoucan.Step2:Readcarefullytofinishtherestblanks.Step3:Step4:Readagaintochecktheanswers.2)Guessinggame:Whatmayitbeaccordingtothehint（提示）?Conclusion2:完形心理學認為當看見不完整的事物時，人們根據腦子里對事物的完整概念，會在思想上把它補全。Inference2:Neverevertrytodoclozetestuntilyougettheoutlineofit.Step2:Analysesofclozetestsinthepastfiveyears年份卷別體裁主題話題題目類型名詞動詞形容詞副詞介詞連詞2020新Ⅰ卷記敘文人與自然保護濕地7521002021Ⅰ卷記敘文人與社會第一次暑期在烘焙廠打工4920002022Ⅰ卷記敘文人與自我露營得到陌生人幫助5531102023Ⅰ卷夾敘夾議人與社會越野賽跑中救助受傷對手7530002024Ⅰ卷1.設題規律以名詞、動詞為主，其次是形容詞、副詞。著重考查考生的詞匯運用能力、閱讀理解能力、分析判斷能力、邏輯推理能力和跨文化交際能力。2.選材特點主題語境包括人與自我、人與自然和人與社會，選材原汁原味，語言地道，充滿正能量，倡導至真至善至美的價值觀，在具體語境中考查英語核心素養。Tip1:Nothingismoreimportantthanvocabulary.一、完形填空的起源

完形填空法的產生與格式塔心理學（Gestaltpsychology）有著密切的關系。格式塔心理學特別注重作為整體的經驗模式。它強調：不能通過對各部分的分析來認識整體。要理解整體的全部性質，就必須“自上而下”地分析整體結構到各個組成部分的特性。Step3:Introductionofclozetest

完形填空題的創始人：威爾遜·泰勒（WilsonTaylor）“完形填空并不直接涉及特定的意思。它只是反復地從兩種語言模式的相似之處取樣：一種是寫的人表達自己的思想的語言模式，另一種是反映讀的人根據自己的理解做出的猜測語言模式。”

Tip2:Youwillneverunderstandalanguageuntilyouunderstandatleasttwo.二、完形填空題的命題依據利用上下文（已有圖式）推斷空白未知信息（即建構新圖式）是完形填空題的考查目的，所以借助文意的層層推進，可以準確預測情節發展和文意延伸，從而巧妙推斷空白未知信息（新圖式）。威爾遜·泰勒：“完形填空所涉及的是一系列與上下文相聯系的空白，而不是孤立的空白。”Tip3:重語篇結構Tip4:重行文邏輯Step4:Hypotaxisinclozetestformformal形式正式的Themoreformsthereare,themoreformalitis.語篇：行文：理性思維個體思維抽象思維三段論總——分——總(總分or分總）用詞精準、邏輯清晰、論述有條理重分析、情感色彩、語言風格句子重邏輯，篇章重結構與層次Tip5：每個正確選項一定有相應的思維支撐演繹推理證據與推理語境與情感邏輯與因果記敘文的形合特征：Part1總：Part2分：Part3總：總：分：總：首句中間句尾句開頭Introduction:when,where,who,what正文Body:processandclimaxwhy,how歸納總結ConclusionexperienceorlessonsTip6：篇章抓住首尾段；

段落抓住首尾句。Step5:Analysesofthesamplefrom

【2024·新課標Ⅰ卷】I'vebeenmotivated—anddemotivated—byotherfolks'achievementsallmylife.WhenIwasateenager,aneighborhoodfriend

1

amarathonrace.Feelingmotivated,Istartedrunning

2

,butthentwothingshappened.First,agirlImetonedaytoldmeshewas

3

fora"super,"referringtoa52.4-miledoublemarathon.Then,thenextdayIwentonmylongestrun—15miles.Tobehonest,I

4

it!Betweenthegirlmakingmy

5

seemsmallandthepureboredomofjogging,Idecidedthattheonly

6

I'deverrunagainisifabigdogwasrunningafterme!SoI

7

cycling.Igotagoodbikeandrodealot.I

8

ofenteringcycleracesuntilIflewtoSanDiegotovisitmysister.Whileshewasatworkoneday,I

9

herbikeandwentforaride.The

10

:TheroadstherewentthroughlargevalleyswhereI'dberidinguphillformilesatatime.I'dneverfacedsuch

11

.Thatday,Igot

12

byabout100"local"bikerswhowereusedtosuchroads.WhenIgotbackhome,suddenlyridingmybikedidn'tseemquiteas

13

.I've

14

alotsincethen.I'vecometoacceptthatwhatever

15

Isetformyself,theyjusthavetobemyown.Step5:Analysesofthesamplefrom【2024·新課標Ⅰ卷】Procedure1:

Skimtogetthestructure

Part1—總（大前提）Part2—分（小前提）Para.4:ExperienceofrunningExperienceofcyclingsupportivedetailsPara.1:Para.3:Part3—總（結論）Para.2:I'vebeenmotivated—anddemotivated—byotherfolks'achievementsallmylife.I've

14

alotsincethen.I'vecometoacceptthatwhatever

15

Isetformyself,theyjusthavetobemyown.∴I'vebeenmotivated—anddemotivated—byotherfolks'achievementsallmylife.Examples1、2∵aneighborhoodfriend

1

amarathonrace.∴Istartedrunning

2

∵agirlImetonedaytoldmeshewas

3

fora"super,"referringtoa52.4-miledoublemarathon.∴Idecidedthattheonly

6

I'deverrunagainisifabigdogwasrunningafterme!Procedure2:ClarifythelogicofthepassageMotivated1Demotivated1Examples1、2∵Reason1首尾句轉折∵SoI

7

cycling.Igotagoodbikeandrodealot.∵Thatday,Igot

12

byabout100"local"bikerswhowereusedtosuchroads.∴WhenIgotbackhome,suddenlyridingmybikedidn'tseemquiteas

13

.Motivated2Demotivated2∴I

8

ofenteringcycleracesuntilIflewtoSanDiegotovisitmysister.∴I've

14

alotsincethen.I'vecometoacceptthatwhatever

15

Isetformyself,theyjusthavetobemyown.Reasons1、2∵Reason2首尾句轉折I'vebeenmotivated—anddemotivated—byotherfolks'achievementsallmylife.WhenIwasateenager,aneighborhoodfriend

1

amarathonrace.Feelingmotivated,Istartedrunning

2

,butthentwothingshappened.First,agirlImetonedaytoldmeshewas

3

fora"super,"referringtoa52.4-miledoublemarathon.Then,thenextdayIwentonmylongestrun—15miles.---∵Feelingmotivated,---Istartedrunning---∵Feelingmotivated,---Then,thenextdayIwentonmylongestrun∴---,aneighborhoodfriend

1

amarathonrace.∴Istartedrunning

2

,∵referringtoa52.4-miledoublemarathon.∴shewas

3

fora"super,"理性思維——證據與推理理性思維——證據與推理wonregularlytraining理性思維——證據與推理Procedure3:Practise---First,agirlImetonedaytoldmeshewas

training

fora"super,"referringtoa52.4-miledoublemarathon.Then,thenextdayIwentonmylongestrun—15miles.Tobehonest,I

4

it!Betweenthegirlmakingmy

5

seemsmallandthepureboredomofjogging,Idecidedthattheonly

6

I'deverrunagainisifabigdogwasrunningafterme!∵thepureboredomofjogging,∵folks'achievementsallmylife.---a52.4-miledoublemarathon.---mylongestrun—15miles.∴I

4

it!∴thegirlmakingmy

5

seemsmall∵ifabigdogwasrunningafterme!∴theonly

6

I'deverrunagain個體思維——語境與情感理性思維——證據與推理個體思維——語境與分析hatedachievementreason當先行詞是reason，且在定語從句中作原因狀語時，可以用關系副詞why或關系代詞that來引導，還可以省略that。SoI

7

cycling.Igotagoodbikeandrodealot.I

8

ofenteringcycleracesuntilIflewtoSanDiegotovisitmysister.Whileshewasatworkoneday,I

9

herbikeandwentforaride.∵thepureboredomofjogging,---Igotagoodbike∵Igotagoodbikeandrodealot.∴SoI

7

cycling.∴I

8

ofenteringcycleraces∵Whileshewasatworkoneday,∴I

9

herbikeandwentforaride.抽象思維——邏輯與結構turnedtodreamed個體思維——語境與情感理性思維——證據與推理borrowedSoIturnedto

cycling.---.The

10

:TheroadstherewentthroughlargevalleyswhereI'dberidinguphillformilesatatime.I'dneverfacedsuch

11

.Thatday,Igot

12

byabout100"local"bikerswhowereusedtosuchroads.WhenIgotbackhome,suddenlyridingmybikedidn'tseemquiteas

13

.∵:TheroadstherewentthroughlargevalleyswhereI'dberidinguphillformilesatatime.∵whereI'dberidinguphillformilesatatime.∴The

10

:Theroads---∴I'dneverfacedsuch

11

.∵---demotivated---whowereusedtosuchroads.∴Igot

12

byabout100"local"bikers個體思維——語境與情感problemchallengespassed個體思維——語境與情感理性思維——證據與推理---WhenIgotbackhome,suddenlyridingmybikedidn'tseemquiteas

13

.I've

14

alotsincethen.I'vecometoacceptthatwhatever

15

Isetformyself,theyjusthavetobemyown.∵---demotivatedIgotagoodbikeandrodealot.Igot

passed

byabout100"local"bikers∵---motivated—anddemotivatedI'vecometoaccept---∴suddenlyridingmybikedidn'tseemquiteas

13

.∴I've

14

alotsincethen.∵---startedrunning

---turnedtocyclingtheyjusthavetobemyown.∴whatever

15

Isetformyself,appealing個體思維——語境與情感matured抽象思維——邏輯與結構個體思維——語境與分析goals年份卷別體裁主題話題題目類型名詞動詞形容詞副詞介詞連詞2020新Ⅰ卷記敘文人與自然保護濕地7521002021Ⅰ卷記敘文人與社會第一次暑期在烘焙廠打工4920002022Ⅰ卷記敘文人與自我露營得到陌生人幫助5531102023Ⅰ卷夾敘夾議人與社會越野賽跑中救助受傷對手7530002024Ⅰ卷Tip1:Nothingismoreimportantthanvocabulary.記敘文人與自我正確設定自我目標851100Tip3:重語篇結構

Tip2:Youwillneverunderstandalanguageuntilyouunderstandatleasttwo.Tip4:重行文邏輯Tip6：篇章抓住首尾段；段落抓住首尾句。Step6:SummaryTip5：每個正確選項一定有相應的思維支撐Step7:Homework——【2024年新高考Ⅱ卷】WhenIdecidedtobuyahouseinEuropetenyearsago,Ididn'tthinktoolong.IlikedtravelinginFrance,butwhenitcametopickingmyfavoritespotto

1

,Italywastheclearwinner.DuringmyfirstvisittoItaly,I

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toaskfordirect