Period

UNIT5

EDUCATION主題語境人與自我

——生命的意義與價值SectionⅣ1．cultivatevt．培養，養成(技能、態度或素質)2．enlightenvt．啟迪；指導，教導3．stubbornadj．固執的，執拗的；倔強的4．streamn．水流5．liquidn．液體6．rayn．(太陽或月亮的)光線單元回顧默寫背誦7．abstractadj．抽象的8．foreheadn．額，前額9．cognitionn．認識，認知10．coreadj．核心的11．insightn．洞察力；頓悟12．civiladj．文明的，有禮貌的；公民的13．integrityn．正直，誠實；完整14．moraladj．道德(上)的15．acquisitionn．獲得，習得16．economicsn．經濟學17．citizenn．公民；市民18．definitionn．定義，釋義19．initiativen．主動性20．autonomousadj．自主的；自治的21．royaladj．皇家的；王室的22．inefficientadj．效率低的23．primitiveadj．原始的24．conventionaladj．守舊的；傳統的25．mankindn．人類26．entitlevt．名為……；使有權利27．routinen．慣例，常規；例行公事28．motionn．運動29．overalladj．全部的30．timetablen．時間表，日程表；時刻表31．facilityn．設施，設備32．respectivelyadv．各自地1．______

adj．很嚴重的2．________

adj．寶貴的3．_____

vt．理解，領會4．________

adj．顯而易見的；明白的5．____________

n．突破；重大進展6．_________

n．目的，目標

adj．客觀的severepreciousgraspapparentbreakthroughobjective7．_____________

adj．多面的，全面的8．____

vt．獲得，贏得，取得；受益9．______

vt．追求10．__________

adv．不管；不顧11．____________

n．境況，狀況；情況，情形12．_________

adj．聰穎的，才華橫溢的13．_______

adj．顯然的，明顯的；易理解的well-roundedgainpursueregardlesscircumstancebrilliantobvious14．____

n．等級15．______

adj．有價值的；值得尊敬的16．___

vt．有……是由于；把……歸功于17．______

n．陰影18．_____

adj．極其重要的，必不可少的rankworthyoweshadowvital1．significantadj．重要的，重大的→____________

n．重要性，意義→_____________

adv．重大地，顯著地2．promotevt．促進，增進→_________

n．晉升3．consistentadj．一貫的，一致的→___________

n．一致性，連貫性4．sympathyn．同情，同情心→___________

adj．同情的，有同情心的significancesignificantlypromotionconsistencysympathetic5．analyse

vt．分析，剖析→________

n．分析6．philosophyn．思想體系；哲學→___________

n．哲學家7．educatevt．教育；教導，指導→________

n．教育工作者→_________

n．教育；教導，指導8．insistvi．堅稱；堅持主張→__________

n．堅稱；堅持主張9．evaluatevt．評估，評價→__________

n．評估，評價10．restrictvt．約束，限制→___________

n．限制，規定，約束11．bearvt．承受，忍受→________

adj．可以忍受的；承受得住的→__________

adj．難以忍受的；承受不住的analysisphilosophereducatoreducationinsistenceevaluationrestrictionbearableunbearable12．tendvi．傾向；趨于

vt．照顧；照料→________

n．傾向13．relatevi．理解；相聯系→_______

adj．有關系的；有關聯的→________

n．關系14．excitevt．使興奮→__________

n．興奮，激動→_______

adj．感到興奮的→________

adj．令人興奮的15．imitatevt．模仿，仿效→_________

n．模仿，仿效16．gradualadj．逐漸的，逐步的→_________

adv．逐漸地，逐步地tendencyrelatedrelationexcitementexcitedexcitingimitationgradually17．painn．疼痛→_______

adj．令人痛苦的；困難的；疼痛的→_________

adv．令人痛苦地；困難地；疼痛地18．enthusiasticadj．熱心的，熱衷的→__________

n．熱心；熱情→________________

adv．熱情地；熱心地19．expandvi．&vt．(使)擴大；增加→_________

n．擴張；擴展；擴大20．puzzlevt．使困惑，使迷惑→_______

adj．迷惑不解的→________

adj．令人迷惑的painfulpainfullyenthusiasmenthusiasticallyexpansionpuzzledpuzzling21．gentleadj．溫柔的；溫和的；柔和的→______

adv．輕柔地；溫和地；平緩地22．disappointvt．使失望→____________

adj．失望的，沮喪的→______________

n．失望→_____________

adj．令人失望的23．contributevi．&vt．奉獻，捐獻→____________

n．捐款；貢獻；捐贈24．financen．金融；財政→_________

adj．財政的；財務的；金融的→___________

adv．財政上；金融上gentlydisappointeddisappointmentdisappointingcontributionfinancialfinancially25．exposevt．使接觸；使體驗；使暴露；揭露→________

n．接觸；體驗；暴露；揭露

26．surroundvt．包圍；環繞→___________

adj．四周的，附近的→____________

n．環境；周圍的事物

27．judgevi．&vt．評價；判決→_________

n．判斷力；意見，評價；判決28．behavevi．表現→_________

n．行為；舉止exposuresurroundingsurroundingsjudgementbehaviour29．concludevt．斷定；推斷出；得出結論

vi．&vt．使結束；終止→__________

n．結論30．responsibleadj．負責的；有責任的→______________

n．責任31．prioradj．先前的；較早的；優先的→________

n．優先處理的事；優先權32．stimulatevt．刺激，促使，促進→___________

n．刺激，激勵33．demonstratevt．展示；說明→_____________

n．演示，示范，證明conclusionresponsibilityprioritystimulationdemonstration34．assessvt．評價→__________

n．評價35．approvevt．贊成；贊許；批準→________

n．贊成；批準36．urgevt．強烈要求；敦促→______

adj．緊急的；急迫的；急切的→_______

n．緊迫，迫切37．assumevt．假定；假設；認為→__________

n．假定，假設38．abandonvt．放棄；拋棄→_________

adj．被遺棄的；放縱的39．respectn．尊敬，敬重

vt．尊敬，敬佩→_________

adj．受尊敬的，受敬重的assessmentapprovalurgenturgencyassumptionabandonedrespected40．wiseadj．明智的→______

n．智慧→______

adv．明智地41．benefitn．利益；好處

vt．使受益→__________

adj．有利的，有幫助的wisdomwiselybeneficial1．________

使適合，使適應2．__________________

與……一致3．_______

傳授，傳給4．_________

涉及，有關；了解，體恤5．__________

瞬間；立刻6．___________

與……相配；與……相符7．_______

舉起，抬起；耽擱，延誤8．________

出來，出現；出版；結果是adapttobeconsistentwithpassonrelatetoinaflashtieinwithholdupcomeout9．______________

使……暴露于……；使……接觸……10．_____________

不管；不顧11．_____________

最后12．______________

換句話說13．__________

違背14．___________

提出15．__________

同意……expose...to...regardlessofinconclusioninotherwordsgoagainstputforwardapproveof16．_____________

把……歸功于……17．________________

對……有好處18．___________

對……極其重要19．________

有時20．_____________

把……收拾起來owe...to...bebeneficialtobevitaltoattimesput...away1．Bythetimeshewassevenyearsold，shestillcouldn'tspeak，readorwriteandneededtohaveeverythingdoneforher．她七歲時，仍不會說話，不能讀書也不會寫字，一切都需要別人照顧。2．ItwasthefirsttimeHelenhadunderstoodsuchacomplexword—awordforsomethingshecouldn'ttouch．那是海倫第一次明白復雜單詞的意思，她觸摸不到的抽象單詞。3．Obviously，certainkindsofknowledgearenecessarynotonlytopursuecertaincareersbutalsotocontributetotheworld．顯然，某些種類的知識不僅對于追求某些事業而且對社會做貢獻都是必要的。4．...

it'sabrilliantideatodemonstratewhattheyhavelearntwhenassessed．……當被評價時，展示自己學的東西是一個很好的主意。5．Atthattime，peoplebelievedmoreinthechurchthaninfacts，andpeoplelikeGalileoGalilei(1564－1642)，whoprovedtheideathat“theEarthisnotthecentreoftheuniverse”，wereoftenpunishedbythechurchwithnoonecomingtotheirdefence．那時人們相信教會勝過相信事實，像伽利略·伽利萊(1564—1642)那樣證明了“地球不是宇宙中心”的人物，往往會被教會懲罰，也沒有人會為他們辯護。6．ThemainaimofthelessonwastostudyLatingrammar—theinternationallanguageofthetime(inEurope，atleast)andthelanguageofalluniversitycourses．這節課的主要目的是學習拉丁語語法——這是當時的國際語言(至少在歐洲如此)，也是所有大學課程的授課語言。7．Theywerethinpiecesofhardflatrockusedasamediumforwriting．它們是用作書寫媒介的堅硬平坦的巖石薄片。8．Itisthechildthatcontrolsthepace，topicandlessons，nottherestoftheclassortheteacher．控制節奏、主題和課程的是孩子，而不是班級其他人或老師。你校英語俱樂部將舉辦英語演講比賽。請以FamilyEducationShapesMe為主題，寫一篇演講稿，內容包括：1．良好的家庭教育方式；2．成長的啟示。注意：1．寫作詞數應為80左右；2．請按如下格式作答。Goodmorning，fellowstudents，____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[高分范文背誦]Goodmorning,fellowstudents，Thetopicofmyspeechtodayis“FamilyEducationShapesMe”．Familyeducationhasalwaysdeeplyinfluencedme．Ithasbenefitedmealot．Rememberonce,myteachergavemeaprizewhenIgotfullmarksinanexam．ButwhenIgothome,mymotherfoundamistakeonthepaperandaskedmetoexplainthesituationtotheteacher．IdidwhatMomsaid．Theteacherletmekeeptheprizeasarewardformyhonesty．AlthoughIlostfullmarks,Igainedthemostbeautifulqualities．Myhonestfamilyupbringinghasservedmewellandhasclearedawaymanyobstaclesinmylife．Thankyouforyourlistening![片段1]Johnpacedintheroomanxiously,weighingtheprosandconsinhismind．Hewasstuckinindecision,wrestlingwithhisoptions．Todaywasthedeadlinetoaccepthisuniversityoffer,buthewasintwomindsaboutit,onthefenceandhavingsecondthoughts．約翰焦慮地在房間里踱步，心中權衡利弊。他陷入了猶豫之中，糾結于他的選擇。今天是他接受大學錄取通知書的最后期限，但他心存疑慮，立場搖擺，再三猶豫。[片段2]Partofhimhadalwaysdreamedofattendinghisfirst-choiceuniversity,finallytastingfreedomanddebatingbigideaslateintothenight．Butthetuitionfeesgavehimpause—hisparentshadalreadysacrificedsomuch．Couldhejustifyputtingthemunderfurtherfinancialstrain?Hestruggledoverthechoicestochoosefrom．他一部分內心長久以來都夢想著進入他首選的大學，最終體驗自由，夜深時激烈討論重大課題。但是高昂的學費使他躊躇——他的父母已經作了那么多犧牲。他能夠再讓父母承受更大的經濟壓力嗎？他痛苦地在選擇之間掙扎。第一部分閱讀第一節閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。單元綜合檢測（二）AGoodSchoolstoLearnEnglishAtlantaEnglishInstitute(AEI)Itisdesignedforacademicallyoriented,non-nativespeakingadultsfrombeginnerslevelstothoseseekingmastery．EachprogramintheschoolisspeciallydesignedforourstudentsandbasedontheircurrentEnglishlevelsandtheirgoals．Astudentmayregisteranytime,notmerelyatthebeginningofacourse．Butatthemiddleofthecourse,registrationtimedependsontheavailabilityofspaceintheclassrooms．AtlantaInternationalLanguageInstitute(AILI)Itprovidestheopportunitytolearnhowtoread,writeandspeakEnglishasasecondlanguageforthosewhohavelittleknowledgeoftheEnglishlanguage．Coursesincludetencontinuousweeklyclassesandtheclassesmeetonceaweekfortwohours．Thecurriculumofthislanguageprogramisbuiltforgroupsofthreeormorestudentswhocancompletethematerialintenweeks．TALKAtlantaEnglishSchool(TAES)LocatedintheheartofAtlanta'sMidtownCentreareaonPeachtreeStreet,itopenedin2011．Atlantaishometonumerousindustries,makingtheMidtownlocationperfectlysuitedforcorporateprograms．Withamplecoveredstreetparkingspace,theschoolisdesignedinthepopularAtlantaloftstyleandhas10largeclassrooms,alargeandwelcomingreceptionarea,devotedfull-timeteachersandstaffforteenagersandadults．LanguageInstituteofGeorgia(LIG)Itisawell-establishedschoolinAtlantathatoffersEnglishclassesusingGradedReaderMethod．Ourmaximumclasssizeiseightstudents．Classmeetsonceaweekfortwohoursforsixweeks．Pleasecheckourschedulesectionforstartdates．Refunds(退款)havetoberequestedwithinaweekofthestartdateoftheclass．【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應用文。文章介紹了四個學好英語的學校以及它們的課程。1．HowmanyhoursdoesittakestudentstofinishthecoursesatAILI?A．Ten． B．Twelve．C．Twenty． D．Twenty-four．C

[細節理解題。根據

“AtlantaInternationalLanguageInstitute(AILI)”

中提及的“Coursesincludetencontinuousweeklyclassesandtheclassesmeetonceaweekfortwohours．”可知，總共需要20個小時才能修完AILI的課程。故選C。]√2．WhatshouldstudentswhoneedarefundpayattentiontoatLIG?A．Thelimitedcoursesthere．B．Thelocationofitsreceptionarea．C．Thedeadlineforarefunddemand．D．Therequestedlevelsofthestudents．C

[細節理解題。根據“LanguageInstituteofGeorgia(LIG)”中提及的“Refundshavetoberequestedwithinaweekofthestartdateoftheclass．”可知，學生應特別注意退款的最后期限。故選C。]√3．Whatdothefourschoolshaveincommon?A．Theyarelocatedinthesamecity．B．TheyalluseGradedReaderMethod．C．Theyhavethesameregistrationtime．D．Theyareallintendedforadultlearners．√A

[推理判斷題。根據文章前三個學校的名字中分別都提到了一個地方“Atlanta(亞特蘭大)”以及最后學?！癓anguageInstituteofGeorgia(LIG)”在介紹的內容中“Itisawell-establishedschoolinAtlantathatoffersEnglishclassesusingGradedReaderMethod．”可知，這四所學校都有一個共同點，即都位于亞特蘭大。故選A。]BAt7am,inthedarkofanautumnmorning,parentsarrivetodropofftheirchildrenatthekindergarteninViimsi,a15-minutedrivefromTallinn,beforeheadingofftoworkinthecity．Thedaystartsofficiallyat9am,butLaanelinnukindergartenthatwidelygainsalikingofworkingparentsopenstwohoursearlieranddoesnotcloseuntil7pm．Indoingso,workingparentswon'tworryaboutbeinglateforworkandleavingtheofficeearly．Thekindergartenfocusesonpre-schooleducation．Classrooms,withvastwindowsfrontingontoforest,fanoutaroundawhitewashedcentralhall,andoutsidealargeplaygroundsurroundstheentirebuilding．SomeofthechildrenwhoattendLaanelinnuareasyoungastwo,butasweenterthebuildingbarelyasoundcanbeheard．Ineachoftheclassrooms,whicharelargeandwellequipped,thereareupto20children—attentiveandfocused—supervisedbyaqualifiedpre-schoolteacherandtwoassistantteachers．Despitehavingvisitors,thechildrenatLaanelinnufocusontheirlessons．Inonedarkenedclassroom,theylieontheirbacksinaquietcornerastheirteachersprepareforthedayahead．Inanotherclass,there'smusicanddancing．Inanothergroup,childrenaredoingaprojectaboutthehumanbody,whilenextdoorthere'sacookeryclassgoingon,withatastingperiodfollowedbybread-making．Thepre-schoolcoursetakesineverythingfromlettersandlanguageskillstoart,musicandrobotics．“Thoughit'snotcalledschool,it'sthefirststepoftheireducation，”saysthekindergarten'sprojectmanager．“Wedoteachkidshere．Itisnolongersimplychildcare．”Bythetimetheyleave,mostchildrenwillhavelearnedtoreadandwrite,butinarelaxedenvironment．Thekindergartensystemisanintegratedpartofnationaleducationandattheendoftheirtimethere,childrenaregivenaschoolreadinesscardthattheytakewiththemtothenextstageintheireducation．【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了Viimsi的Laanelinnu幼兒園。該幼兒園為家長工作提供便利，注重學齡前教育，課程包括字母、語言技能、藝術、音樂和機器人等，是孩子們的第一步教育。4．WhyisLaanelinnukindergartenpopularamongworkingparents?A．Itstartsofficiallyat9am．B．Itonlyneedsa15-minutedrive．C．Itoffersthemmaximumflexibility．D．Itallowsthemtopickuptheirkidsearly．√C

[推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“Thedaystartsofficiallyat9am,butLaanelinnukindergartenthatwidelygainsalikingofworkingparentsopenstwohoursearlieranddoesnotcloseuntil7pm．”可知，Laanelinnu幼兒園的開園時間早和放學時間晚，這為上班的家長接送孩子提供了極大的便利。由此推知，正是因為時間上最大的靈活性讓Laanelinnu幼兒園受職場家長們的歡迎。故選C。]5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“supervised”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Monitored． B．Praised．C．Adopted． D．Trained．√A

[詞義猜測題。分析句子可知，“supervisedbyaqualifiedpre-schoolteacherandtwoassistantteachers”是后置定語，修飾名詞“20children”，畫線詞“supervised”的邏輯主語是“20children”。結合畫線詞后“aqualifiedpre-schoolteacherandtwoassistantteachers”可推知，“20個孩子”是由幼兒園的“學前教師和兩名助理教師”監管，所以畫線詞supervised與monitor同義，意為“監督，管理”。故選A。]6．HowmightthevisitorsfindLaanelinnu'sclasses?A．Energetic． B．Conventional．C．Various． D．Loose．√C

[推理判斷題。根據第四段“Despitehavingvisitors,thechildrenatLaanelinnufocusontheirlessons．Inonedarkenedclassroom,theylieontheirbacksinaquietcornerastheirteachersprepareforthedayahead．Inanotherclass,there'smusicanddancing．Inanothergroup,childrenaredoingaprojectaboutthehumanbody,whilenextdoorthere'sacookeryclassgoingon,withatastingperiodfollowedbybread-making．”可知，來訪者會發現Laanelinnu幼兒園課程豐富多樣。故選C。]7．Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ReadinginaPlay-ledEnvironmentB．WinningintheFirstStepofEducationC．FunLearning:withFilmsandRoboticsD．AKindergarten:NotJustAboutChildcare√D

[標題歸納題。通讀全文，結合第三段中的“Thekindergartenfocusesonpre-schooleducation．”，倒數第二段中的“Thepre-schoolcoursetakesineverythingfromlettersandlanguageskillstoart,musicandrobotics．”和“Wedoteachkidshere．Itisnolongersimplychildcare．”可知，文章介紹了Viimsi的Laanelinnu幼兒園，該幼兒園不僅僅是照顧孩子，它更注重學齡前教育，課程包括字母、語言技能、藝術、音樂和機器人等。由此推知，“一所幼兒園：不只是照顧孩子”可作為文章最佳標題。故選D。]CPreviousstudieshavefoundthatthenumberofyearsspentinschoolrelatestocognitionlaterinlife,butfewstudieshaveexaminedtheinfluenceofeducationalquality．“Ourstudyestablishesalinkbetweenhigh-qualityeducationandbetterlater-lifecognitionandsuggeststhatincreasedinvestmentinschoolscouldbeapowerfulstrategytoimprovecognitivehealthamongolderadultsintheUnitedStates，”saidJenniferManly,seniorauthorofthestudy．Thestudy,ledbyManlyandDominika?eblová，apostdoctoralresearchscientistatColumbia,useddatafromProjectTalent,a1960surveyofhighschoolstudentsacrosstheUnitedStates,andfollow-updatacollectedintheProjectTalentAgingStudy．Theresearchersexaminedtherelationshipsbetweensixindicators(指標)ofschoolqualityandseveralmeasuresofcognitiveperformanceinparticipantsnearly60yearsaftertheylefthighschool．Sincehigh-qualityschoolsmaybeespeciallybeneficialforpeoplefromdisadvantagedbackgrounds,theresearchersalsoexaminedwhetherassociationsdifferedbygeography,gender,raceandethnicity．Theresearchersfoundthatattendingaschoolwithahighernumberofteacherswithgraduatetrainingwasthemostconsistentpredictorofbetterlater-lifecognition,especiallyinlanguagefluency(forexample,comingupwithwordswithinacategory)．Attendingaschoolwithahighnumberofgraduate-levelteacherswasaboutequaltothedifferenceincognitionbetweena70-year-oldandsomeonewhoisonetothreeyearsolder．Otherindicatorsofschoolqualitywererelatedtosome,butnotall,measuresofcognitiveperformance．AccordingtoManlyand?eblová，theremaybemanyreasonsexplainingwhyattendingschoolswithwell-trainedteachersmayaffectlater-lifecognition．“Instructionprovidedbymoreexperiencedandknowledgeableteachersmightbemoreintellectuallyinspiringandprovideadditionalneuralorcognitivebenefits，”said?eblová，

“andattendinghigher-qualityschoolsmayalsoinfluencelifetrack,leadingtouniversityeducationandgreaterearnings,whichareinturnlinkedtobettercognitioninlaterlife．”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了高質量教育和晚年認知能力之間的關系。研究表明，就讀于擁有更多研究生培訓教師的學校與晚年認知能力之間存在明確的關聯，尤其在語言流利性方面。8．HowdidManlyand?eblováconducttheresearch?A．Byconductingsurveys．B．Bymakingcomparisons．C．Byexplainingexamples．D．Byinterviewingtheelders．√B

[推理判斷題。根據第三段中的“Theresearchersexaminedtherelationshipsbetweensixindicatorsofschoolqualityandseveralmeasuresofcognitiveperformanceinparticipantsnearly60yearsaftertheylefthighschool．Sincehigh-qualityschoolsmaybeespeciallybeneficialforpeoplefromdisadvantagedbackgrounds,theresearchersalsoexaminedwhetherassociationsdifferedbygeography,gender,raceandethnicity．”可知，Manly和?eblová領導的研究探討了學校質量的六項指標與認知表現的幾項指標之間的關系以及來自弱勢背景的人的地理、性別、種族和民族之間的聯系。由此可推斷，該研究主要使用了作比較的方法。故選B。]9．Whatistheresultofthestudy?A．Thephysicalhealthdeterminesyourfuturelife．B．Goodeducationcontributestogoodlater-lifecognition．C．Languagefluencyisbasedonpostgraduatetraining．D．Goodschoolsshouldhavemanywell-trainedteachers．√B

[細節理解題。根據第四段中的“Theresearchersfoundthatattendingaschoolwithahighernumberofteacherswithgraduatetrainingwasthemostconsistentpredictorofbetterlater-lifecognition,especiallyinlanguagefluency(forexample,comingupwithwordswithinacategory)．”可知，良好的教育促進晚年的認知，所以B項“Goodeducationcontributestogoodlater-lifecognition．”是該研究的結果。故選B。]10．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Toremindthepublicofseniors'health．B．Tolookintoinvestmentinschools．C．Toachievethefairnessofhumans．D．Toattachimportancetoeducation．√D

[寫作意圖題。根據第一段“Previousstudieshavefoundthatthenumberofyearsspentinschoolrelatestocognitionlaterinlife,butfewstudieshaveexaminedtheinfluenceofeducationalquality．”和關鍵提示詞“but”可知，作者強調教育質量的影響，所以本文的寫作目的是強調教育的重要性。故選D。]11．Whatis?eblová'sattitudetohigh-qualityschooleducation?A．Favourable． B．Doubtful．C．Uncaring． D．Opposing．√A

[觀點態度題。根據最后一段中?eblová所說的話“Instructionprovidedbymoreexperiencedandknowledgeableteachersmightbemoreintellectuallyinspiringandprovideadditionalneuralorcognitivebenefits”和“andattendinghigher-qualityschoolsmayalsoinfluencelifetrack,leadingtouniversityeducationandgreaterearnings,whichareinturnlinkedtobettercognitioninlaterlife”可推斷出這位專家對于高質量的教育是持支持態度的。故選A。]DAnewstudysuggeststhatmindfulnesseducation—lessonsontechniquestocalmthemindandbody—canreducethenegativeeffectsofstressandincreasestudents'abilitytostayengaged,helpingthemstayontrackacademicallyandavoidbehaviourproblems．Afterfindingthatstudentswhoself-reportedmindfulhabitsperformedbetterontestsandhadhighergrades,researchersfromtheCentreforEducationPolicyResearchatHarvardUniversitywantedtoknowifschool-basedmindfulnesstrainingcouldhelpmorestudentsreapsimilarbenefits．Theydesignedastudyfocusingonsixth-gradersinaBostonschool．Thestudyshowedthatsixth-graderswhoparticipatedinaneight-weekmindfulnesswerelessstressedoutthantheirclassmateswhohadn't．Practisingmindfulnesshadhelpedimprovetheabilitytofocusinthemoment,expandingstudents'capacitytolearnandregulatetheiremotions．Fourtimesaweek,instructorsfromCalmerChoice,aMassachusettsnon-profitspecialisinginmindfulnesseducation,taughtthegrouptechniquesandledthemthroughpractices,likefocusingonarockforaminute,thendiscussingwhentheirmindwanderedandrefocusedontherock．Anothergroupofsixth-graderstookcomputercodingduringthattimeinstead．Thestudentswererandomlyassignedbetweenthegroups．Attheendoftheeightweeks,themindfulnessgroupreportedbeinglessstressedthantheyhadbeenbeforethemindfulnesseducation,andbetterabletopractiseself-control．Andtheiramygdalae,thepartofthebrainthatcontrolsemotion,respondedlesstopicturesoffearfulfacesthantheydidpriortothemindfulnesswork,suggestingtheirbrainswerelesssensitivetonegativestimuli,or,inotherwords,thattheywerelesslikelytogetstressedoutandlosefocus．Thegroupwhoattendedcodingclassesdidn'tseethesamebenefits．Thefindingssuggestthatthemindfulnessinstructionhelpedbooststudents'attentionskills,aswellasdevelopcopingmechanismsforstress．Theresearchersbelieveitcouldbeespeciallyusefulforschoolstosupportstudentssufferingfromseverementaldamageandotheradversitiesthattriggerstressinthebody,hurtingstudents'abilitytosucceed．【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹的一項新的研究表明，正念教育課程可以幫助學生減少壓力帶來的負面影響，提高他們保持專注的能力。12．Whatwasthepurposeofthestudy?A．Toexaminethetechniquesforpractisingmindfulness．B．Tostudytheeffectsofgroupmindfulnesstrainingonstudents．C．Toseehowstudentshelpthemselvestoperformbetterontests．D．Tounderstandwhymindfulnesstrainingcalmsthemindandbody．√B

[細節理解題。根據第二段中的“researchersfromtheCentreforEducationPolicyResearchatHarvardUniversitywantedtoknowifschool-basedmindfulnesstrainingcouldhelpmorestudentsreapsimilarbenefits”可知，該研究探究的是以學校為基礎的正念訓練對學生是否有類似的好處，即群體正念訓練對學生的效果。故選B。]13．Howwasthestudyconducted?A．Bylistingbenefitsofmindfulnesseducation．B．Byscanningthebraintoseehowitcontrolsemotions．C．Byteachingdifferentstudentsdifferentmindfulnessskills．D．Bycomparingtwogroupsofstudentsattendingdifferentclasses．√D

[推理判斷題。根據第四段中的“Fourtimesaweek,instructorsfromCalmerChoice,aMassachusettsnon-profitspecialisinginmindfulnesseducation,taughtthegrouptechniquesandledthemthroughpractices”和“Anothergroupofsixth-graderstookcomputercodingduringthattimeinstead．”可知，研究人員將參與者分成了兩個小組，一個小組進行正念訓練，另一個小組學習編程。因此，該研究是通過比較學習不同課程的兩組學生來進行的。故選D。]14．Whatchangetookplaceafterthestudentspractisedmindfulnesswork?A．Theyfelteasiertostayfocused．B．Theywerebetteratcomputercoding．C．Theirmindwaswanderingmoreactively．D．Theirbrainsweremoreawareofnegativity．√A

[細節理解題。根據第五段中的“Andtheiramygdalae,thepartofthebrainthatcontrolsemotion,respondedlesstopicturesoffearfulfacesthantheydidpriortothemindfulnesswork,suggestingtheirbrainswerelesssensitivetonegativestimuli,or,inotherwords,thattheywerelesslikelytogetstressedoutandlosefocus．”可知，在學生們進行正念練習后，他們更容易集中注意力，保持專注。故選A。]15．Whoarethemostpossibletargetreadersofthepassage?A．Stressfulparents．

B．Mindfulinstructors．C．Emotionalstudents．

D．Schooleducators．√D

[推理判斷題。根據最后一段中“Theresearchersbelieveitcouldbeespeciallyusefulforschoolstosupportstudentssufferingfromseverementaldamageandotheradversitiesthattriggerstressinthebody,hurtingstudents'abilitytosucceed．”可知，該研究可以很好地指導學校去幫助遭遇精神損傷和其他逆境的學生。由此推知，文章最有可能的目標讀者群體是學校的教育者。故選D。]第二節閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Haveyoueverwishedyoudidn'thavetowakeupearlyandgoallthewaytoschool?For700，000Americankids,thiswishcomestrue．16Thiskindoflearninghasdifferentnames:onlinelearningordistancelearning．Regardlessofwhatitiscalled,thisideamaycreateanimpressionofalonelykidreadingpagesofinformationonacomputerscreenratherthanfromabookoranimageofanotherkidspendingthedayplayingvideogamesinsteadoflearningmathematicsorreadingabook．Whereonlineeducationisconcerned,bothofthesearefalse!Actually,onlinelearningsimplymeanslearningdifferently．17Flexibilityisthemainadvantage．Studentscanattendschoolwhereverandwhenevertheydesire．HomeworkcanbeturnedinfromanywherethestudenthasInternetaccess．Additionally,manyonlineschoolswillallowstudentstoworkattheirownpace．Anotheradvantageofonlineschoolingiswiththevarietyofcourses．MostonlineschoolsteachthesamebasicclasseslikeEnglish,math,science,andhistory．18However,traditionalschoolsareoftenunabletoofferthesetypesofclassesiftherearenotenoughstudents．Onlineschoolsalsohavedifferenttypesoflearningtoolsforkidstouse．Forexample,manyonlineschoolshavespecialwebsiteswhereonlystudentsregisteredinonlineclassescanwatchvideos,seelessons