專題四定語從句1.(2024·全國卷Ⅱ，62)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,________sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.答案：which分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，逗號(hào)后是非限制性定語從句，thepetshop是先行詞，定語從句中缺少opened的賓語，故用which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。2．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ，64)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.答案：who分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，所填詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾指人的先行詞theirmasters，且在從句中作主語，故填關(guān)系代詞who。3．(2024·浙江高考，58)Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth________givesofflightinthedark.答案：that/which此處引導(dǎo)定語從句來修飾先行詞apieceofcloth，而且在從句中作主語，所以用that或which來引導(dǎo)。4．(2024·江蘇高考，21)Wehaveenteredintoanage________dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.答案：when句意：我們已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了一個(gè)幻想最有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的時(shí)代。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞anage，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)定語從句。5．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ，69)TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernmentstartedasoil-testingprogram________givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.答案：that/which設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞program，同時(shí)在定語從句中作主語，所以用that/which。6．(2024·天津高考，2)Kate,________sisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia.答案：whose設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，從句中缺少定語，指代Kate的姐姐。故應(yīng)用whose引導(dǎo)該從句。7．(2024·浙江高考，57)Manywesterners________cometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.答案：who/that設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞westerners，指人，在從句中作主語，所以用who/that。8．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ，70)Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,________isnotgoodforthehealth.答案：which句意：很可能攝入過多(脂肪和鹽)，那對(duì)健康沒有好處。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“________isnotgoodforthehealth”為非限制性定語從句，補(bǔ)充說明主句內(nèi)容，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語。故填關(guān)系代詞which。9．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ，短文改錯(cuò))OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground._________________________________________________________________答案：where→when先行詞oneafternoon是表示時(shí)間的名詞，后面的定語從句應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)。10．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ，短文改錯(cuò))Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.____________________________________________________________答案：which前加in或which→where此處引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞pond，而此處的引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作狀語，所以用inwhich或者where。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句在一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句中修飾某一個(gè)名詞、代詞或修飾整個(gè)主句的從句叫定語從句，即作定語的句子。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引導(dǎo)。這些關(guān)系詞的意義和功能比較如下：關(guān)系代詞that與which,which與as的用法區(qū)分續(xù)表“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中的留意事項(xiàng)定語從句的其他事項(xiàng)Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2024·河南省南陽市第一中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期第三次月考)________itisknowntoall,smokingisharmfulforhealth.答案：As本句是一個(gè)由as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，as指代后面的主句。2．(2024·廣東省深圳市南山區(qū)高三摸底)Ihadtostayandfightthisruleagainforgirls________wanttoplayfootball.答案：who/that句意：我不得不再次留下來為那些想踢足球的女孩們抗拒這個(gè)規(guī)定。先行詞是girls，定語從句中缺少主語，故填who或that。3．Wearelivinginanage________QRcodes(二維碼)arebecomingmoreandmorepopularinourdailylife.答案：when句意：我們生活在一個(gè)日常生活中二維碼越來越受歡迎的時(shí)代。when引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語。4．(2024·廣西桂林市十八中高三月考)JustasIwasinthemiddleofmydescent(下降),agentlemanenteredthemainentrance________wasrightinfrontofthestaircase.答案：which/that句意：當(dāng)我正在下樓梯的時(shí)候，一位男士進(jìn)入通道，而通道口剛好在樓梯前。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾前面的先行詞entrance，雖然entrance表示“入口處”，有地點(diǎn)的意味，但是從句中缺少主語，故填which/that。5．Theyworkedfortwohourstorescuetheman________wasinjuredintheaccident.答案：who句意：他們工作兩個(gè)小時(shí)，挽救事故中受傷的那個(gè)人。who引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞theman。6．Pleasegothroughthetextandunderlinethewords________meaningsyoudon'tknow.答案：whose句意：請(qǐng)通讀全文，畫出你不懂的那些詞。whose引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作定語。7．LichunisaChinesewordforoneofthe24solarterms,________meansthebeginningofspring.答案：which句意：立春是中國二十四節(jié)氣中的一個(gè)節(jié)氣，意味著春天的起先。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語，所以用which。8．(2024·吉林省長(zhǎng)春市試驗(yàn)中學(xué)學(xué)期初考試)Wearetalkingaboutoneofthemostinterestingdevices________allowpeopletodealwithlotsofaspectsoftheirlives.答案：that先行詞devices前面有最高級(jí)themostinteresting修飾，同時(shí)后面的句子缺少主語，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。9．Twoblocksbeyondtheschoolisafield________weoftenplayedfootballduringchildhood.答案：where句意：我們學(xué)校兩個(gè)街區(qū)之外是一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)，我們孩提時(shí)代經(jīng)常去那兒踢球。where引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。10．ChongyangFestival,________isalsoknownastheDoubleNinthFestival,fallsontheninthdayoftheninthmonthoftheChineselunarcalendar.答案：which句意：重陽節(jié)，也叫雙九節(jié)，是在中國農(nóng)歷的9月9日。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語，所以用which。Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．(2024·中心民大附中月考)Whichisoftenthecase,however,thereareotherswhofindthetheorylessconvincing._______________________________________________________________答案：Which→As句意：然而，狀況往往是這樣的，有些人發(fā)覺這個(gè)理論勸服力不強(qiáng)。asisoftenthecase“狀況往往是這樣”，此處as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，故把Which改為As。2．Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.______________________________________________________________答案：that→which先行詞為garden，且在從句中作主語，that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，故需將that改成which。3．ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMom'sfavorite.____________________________________________________________答案：what→which/that或去掉what關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語，指物，用關(guān)系代詞that/which，也可省略。4．Ididn'tbecomeaseriousclimberuntilthefifthgrade,whichIwentuptorescueakitethatwasstuckinthebranchesofatree.______________________________________________________________答案：which→when本句中，逗號(hào)后是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，補(bǔ)充說明和修飾先行詞thefift