《2025年新八省新高考英語滿分通關練》專題26【匯編】新八省期中閱讀理解議論文通關16篇（滿分攻略+八省名校模擬）解析版議論議論文滿分作答解題妙招議論文是英語中的重要文體，在閱讀理解中占有一定的比例。議論文就是說理性的文章，一般由論點、論據和論證過程組成。議論文都要提出論題、觀點、提供充分的證據，使用一定的邏輯方法證明觀點或得出結論。議論文涉及的論題具有生活化的特征，與社會生活密切相關。從命題上看，議論文閱讀理解以考查細節理解和推理判斷為主，偶爾考查文章的主旨大意和作者的情感態度。考生在平時的閱讀訓練中要閱讀一定數量的議論文，以了解和掌握議論文的結構和行文特征。一、考情分析議論文涉及的論題具有生活化的特征，與社會生活密切相關。從命題上看，議論文閱讀理解以考查細節理解和推理判斷為主，但不排除對觀點態度的考查?？忌谄綍r的閱讀訓練中要閱讀一定數量的議論文，以了解和掌握議論文的結構和行文特征。1.語言與結構特點議論文應該觀點明確、論據充分、語言精練、論證合理、有嚴密的邏輯性。議論文通常采用三段論式的結構，即“提出問題（引論）—分析問題（本論）—解決問題（結論）”。由此可見，要理解議論文有兩個關鍵點，一是要弄清文章的論點是什么、采用了哪些論據、如何論證；二是要理清其基本結構——三段論式結構。2.答題誤區議論文閱讀理解題易錯點往往在于事實與觀點的區分以及觀點本身。解題時，一要弄清哪些是所引述的事實，哪些是作者的觀點以及引述中不同人物的觀點；二要弄清作者真正的觀點是什么，既要考慮全文，又要重視結論部分，謹防將文章中引述的某人的觀點和作者的觀點混為一談。二、解題秘籍1.抓住論點找主旨。閱讀議論文最重要的是抓住文章的論點，找到文章的論點也就把握了文章的主旨。一般來說，作者會在開頭段落交代文章的論點，因此，細讀文章首段尤為重要。議論文多采用“倒三角形”結構，因此“首段”和“段首”就是做題最大的要領，據此可以做好寫作意圖題、主旨大意題和標題推斷題。2.理清文章結構。議論文一般采用“總分總”的結構，作者先給出論點，然后從不同方面（正面，反面）進行論證，最后給出總結或者自己的觀點。文章中會出現較為明顯的轉折，遞進，并列或者歸納總結等的邏輯關系詞。考生在閱讀時，要理清文章結構，找到論點的基礎上進而理解作者給出的論據，突破細節理解題和推理判斷題。3.體會語言特點。能否正確把握作者的觀點和態度是體現閱讀能力的重要方面。一般來說，對作者的總的態度和傾向，必須在通讀全文，掌握了論點和論據后，方能做出判斷。在判斷作者觀點態度時，我們應注意，有時候作者的觀點和態度并不是明確地表達出來的，需要我們認真體察。做推理判斷時，一定要遵循邏輯規律，以事實為依據進行合理的推理。4.注意干擾項特點。①包含項原則在答案選項分析中，假如對A選項的理解概括了對其他三項(或其中某一項)的理解，那么我們就說選項A與其他三項是包含或概括關系，包含項A往往就是正確答案。如在＂花＂與＂玫瑰＂兩選項中，正確答案肯定是＂花＂，花包含了玫瑰。②正反項原則所謂正反項，是指兩選項陳述的命題完全相矛盾。兩個相互矛盾的陳述不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以，假如四選項中A、B互為正反項，那我們通常先排除C、D項，正確答案一般在A、B項當中。③委婉項原則所謂委婉，這里是指說話不能說死，要留有余地。閱讀理解選項中語氣平和、委婉的往往是正確答案。這些選項一般含有不十分肯定或試探性語氣的表達，如：probably,possibly,may,usually,might,mostof,moreorless,relatively,belikelyto,notnecessary,although,yet,inaddition,tendto等等，而含有絕對語氣的表達往往不是正確答案，如：must,always,never,all,every,any,merely,only,completely,none,hardly,already等等。④同形項原則命題者往往先將正確答案設置在一個大命題范圍，然后通過語言形式的細微變化來考查考生的理解能力與分析能力。同形項原則告訴我們：詞匯與句法結構相似的選項中有正確答案的存在。⑤常識項原則議論文中，那些符合一般常識、意義深刻富有哲理、符合一般規律、屬于普遍現象的往往是正確答案。⑥因果項原則閱讀理解的邏輯推理基本都是通過因果鏈進行的，前因后果，一步步循序漸進。然而，在推理題的選項中，有的選項會推理不到位(止于前因)，或者推理過頭(止于后果)，這就是所謂的干擾項。因果項原則啟示我們：假如四個選項中有兩項互為同一事物推理過程中的因果關系，那么正確答案就是兩個因果項中的其中之一。如果因項可產生幾個結果，那么答案就是因；如果果項可以對應幾個原因，那么答案就是果。三、議論文實用答題妙招1.閱讀理解議論文深層理解解題居多，落實“題文同序”和“同義替換”。2.推理判斷題注重“源于文章，高于文章”，弄清來龍去脈再推斷。3主旨大意題要關注文章的結構，尤其是“首段”和“段首”及關鍵詞。4.遵循“倒金字塔”模式，重視首尾段照應和首段概括引領作用。5.滿分策略：讀題干→找原文→做標記→留痕跡→看選項→扣字眼。新八省新八省期中名校模擬試題【八省期中匯編·閱讀·議論文01】（24-25高三上·四川成都·期中）Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.Knowingalittleaboutalotofthingsthatinterestyoucanaddtotherichnessofawhole,well-livedlife.Societypushesustospecialize,tobecomeexperts.Thisrequirescommitment(投入)toaparticularoccupation,branchofstudyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisthatweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.Thereisagreatdealofpressuretomasterone’sfield.Youmaypursuetraining,degrees,orincreasinglevelsofresponsibilityatwork.Thenyoudiscoverthepressureofhavingtokeepup.Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnarrowspecialty.Butsuchcommitmentcanalsoweakenasenseoffreedom.Thesespecialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilteneachnight,thenlookbackandrealizetheywouldhavelovedtohavegonehomeandenjoyedthesweetnessoftheirfamilyandfriends,ortraveledtoexcitingplaces,meetinginterestingpeople.Masteringonethingtotheexclusion(排除)ofotherscanholdbackyourtruespirit.Generalists,ontheotherhand,knowalotaboutawiderangeofsubjectsandviewthewholewithallitsconnections.Theyarepeopleofability,talent,andenthusiasmwhocanbringtheirbroadperspective(視角)intospecificfieldsofexpertise(專長).Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperiordoctor,onewhocangivesomuchmoretohispatientsthanjustgoodmedicalskills.Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsinallrelatedareas.Someofyourinterestsmaynotappeartobeconnectedbut,onceyouexploretheirdepths,youdiscoverthattheyare.MyeditorToni,whoisalsoawriter,haseditedseveralhistorybooks.ShehasdecidedtostudyChinesehistory.FascinatedbythestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,sheisequallyinterestedtolearnmoreaboutChinesephilosophy.“Idon’tknowwhereitwilllead,butI’mexcitedI’monthispursuit.”Theseexpansionsintonewworldshelpusbygivingusnewperspectives.Webegintoseetheinterconnectednessofonethingtoanotherinallaspectsofourlife,ofourselvesandtheuniverse.Developbroad,generalknowledgeandexperience.Theuniverseisallyourstoexploreandenjoy.1．Tobecomeaspecialist,whatdoesonepersonmayhavetodo?A．Narrowhisrangeofknowledge. B．Avoidresponsibilitiesatwork.C．Knowmoreaboutthesociety. D．Broadenhisperspectiveonlife.2．WhatdothespecialistsmentionedinParagraph3tendtodo?A．Treasuretheirfreedom. B．Travelaroundtheworld.C．Spendmosttimeworking. D．Enjoymeetingfunnypeople.3．WhatdoestheauthorintendtoshowwiththeexampleofToni?A．Passionalonedoesnotensureaperson’ssuccess.B．In-depthexplorationmakesdiscoveriespossible.C．Everyonehasachancetosucceedintheirpursuit.D．Seeminglyunrelatedinterestsareinawayconnected.4．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Howtoturnageneralistintoaspecialist. B．Therearesomewaystobecomeageneralist.C．Weshouldbemoreageneralistthanaspecialist. D．It’shardtodecidetobeageneralistoraspecialist.【答案】1．A2．C3．D4．C【導語】本文是一篇議論文。文章論述了要當一個多面手，而不是當某方面的專家。1．推理判斷題。根據文章第二段中“Societypushesustospecialize,tobecomeexperts.Thisrequirescommitment(投入)toaparticularoccupation,branchofstudyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisthatweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.(社會推動我們專業化，成為專家。這需要致力于某一特定的職業、學習或研究領域。成為專家的缺點是，我們往往知道的越來越少，越來越少)”可知，成為一名專家，了解到的知識領域會越來越少，會縮小他的知識范圍。故選A。2．細節理解題。根據文章第三段中“Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnarrowspecialty.Butsuchcommitmentcanalsoweakenasenseoffreedom.Thesespecialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilteneachnight,thenlookbackandrealizetheywouldhavelovedtohavegonehomeandenjoyedthesweetnessoftheirfamilyandfriends,ortraveledtoexcitingplaces,meetinginterestingpeople.(有些人似乎愿意在自己狹窄的專業領域夜以繼日地工作。但這樣的承諾也會削弱一種自由感。這些專家可能每天晚上在辦公室工作到10點，然后回過頭來發現，他們本想回家享受家人和朋友的甜蜜，或者去令人興奮的地方旅行，結識有趣的人)”可知，這些專家往往花大部分的時間在工作上。故選C。3．推理判斷題。文章第五段中“Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsinallrelatedareas.Someofyourinterestsmaynotappeartobeconnectedbut,onceyouexploretheirdepths,youdiscoverthattheyare.MyeditorToni,whoisalsoawriter,haseditedseveralhistorybooks.ShehasdecidedtostudyChinesehistory.FascinatedbythestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,sheisequallyinterestedtolearnmoreaboutChinesephilosophy.“Idon’tknowwhereitwilllead,butI’mexcitedI’monthispursuit.”(事物是相互聯系的。讓你在一個領域的專業知識激發你在所有相關領域的熱情。你的一些興趣可能看起來沒有聯系，但一旦你深入探索，你就會發現它們是聯系在一起的。我的編輯托尼也是一名作家，她編輯過幾本歷史書。她已決定學習中國歷史。作為一名畫家，她被紫禁城的結構之美所吸引，同時也對學習更多中國哲學感興趣?！拔也恢浪鼤呦蚝畏剑覍ψ约旱淖非蟾械脚d奮?！?”可知，作者想通過Toni的例子說明看似不相關的興趣，如果深入探索的話，在某種程度上是有聯系的。故選D。4．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是文章第一段中“Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.(即使你是一個專家，做一個通才也是有好處的)”可知，文章論述了要當一個多面手，而不是當某方面的專家。故選C?！景耸∑谥袇R編·閱讀·議論文02】（24-25高三上·四川·期中）Thelawofsupplyanddemanddeterminesthatanoverabundanceofanythingwillleadtoadecreaseinprice.Thisruleappliesnotonlytogoodsandservices,butalsotolifestyleandfashiontrends.Inthe19thcentury,theprimitivepaintingsofPicassoandMatisseshookupthepositiveimageoftheFrenchbourgeoisie(中產階級).Inthe1970s,talentedmusicianswithtailoredcostumesandegoswereovershadowedbyabandofpunkrockerswhosangaboutthecruelrealitiesofordinarylifeinpoorurbanareas.Ipredictthatthiswillalsohappenwithbeautystandards.Theidealizedversionoflifeportrayedinfashionmagazineswillreachaturningpoint,aspeoplebecometiredofunattainableperfection.DuringmytimeinWashingtonD．C．inthe1990s,Ihadtheopportunitytointeractwithnumerouspoliticalcelebrities.WhilechattingwithformerpresidentsorbumpingintoTVpundits(名嘴)inelevators,IalsoassistedformerSecretaryofDefenseRobertMcNamara,whowasmyboss’sboss.Whatstruckmewashowplainthesepeopleappearedinreallifedespitetheirpubliccharacters.Likeeveryoneelse,theygrappledwithinsecuritiesandmoodswings,eventhoughtheywereconstantlyunderthespotlight.Yes,itwasgreattodropnamesonthephonetomyfriends.Myfather,ofcourse,couldn’tunderstandwhyIwouldeverwanttoleavethere.“Becauseyou’renotmeandI’mnotimpressed,”Itoldhim.Wedonotneedtoleadaluxuriouslifeormakegroundbreakingachievementstobecontent.Happinesscanbefoundinlivingouttheordinarymomentsofanauthenticlife.Mostofusendupbeingordinarypeoplewithoutdoinganythingthatchangestheworld,butthatdoesnotmeanourlivesaremeaningless.Infact,itispreciselythisrealizationthatleadstosustainablehappinessbecause,whenallissaidanddone,noone’slifestyleisessentiallybetterthananyother’s.1．Whatisparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A．People’slifestylewaschangedbyFrenchbourgeoisie.B．Newformsofartandmusicstartedtofocusmoreonreality.C．Artistsandmusicianscalledonpeopletoleadasimpleandreallife.D．Ordinarypeople’sunderstandingofartandmusicwasalwaysinalowerclass.2．Whatdoestheauthor’sobservationaboutpoliticalcelebritiessuggest?A．Theyarejustlikeordinarypeople.B．Theylacktheabilitytoleadanormallife.C．Theyarenotassuccessfulastheyclaimtobe.D．TheyarenotasintelligentastheyappearonTV.3．Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinephraseinparagraph4?A．struggledwith. B．agreedwith. C．cameupwith. D．competedwith.4．Whatdoestheauthorwanttoimplyinthelastparagraph?A．Noone’slifestyleisassameasothers’.B．Peopleshouldstriveforabetterlifestyle.C．Peopleshouldbecontentwiththeirownlifestyles.D．Peopleshouldcriticallyevaluateotherpeople’slifestyles.【答案】1．B2．A3．A4．C【導語】本文是一篇議論文。文章通過供需法則引出生活方式和時尚趨勢的變化，并以作者個人經歷為例，說明人們無需追求奢華生活或巨大成就即可獲得幸福，強調平凡生活的意義。1．主旨大意題。根據第二段“Inthe19thcentury,theprimitivepaintingsofPicassoandMatisseshookupthepositiveimageoftheFrenchbourgeoisie(中產階級).Inthe1970s,talentedmusicianswithtailoredcostumesandegoswereovershadowedbyabandofpunkrockerswhosangaboutthecruelrealitiesofordinarylifeinpoorurbanareas.(19世紀，畢加索和馬蒂斯的原始繪畫震撼了法國中產階級的正面形象。20世紀70年代，一群朋克搖滾歌手唱著貧窮城市地區普通生活的殘酷現實，使那些穿著定制服裝、自我意識強烈的才華橫溢的音樂家相形見絀)”可知，本段通過畢加索和馬蒂斯的原始繪畫以及朋克搖滾樂隊的例子，主要說明了新的藝術和音樂形式開始更多地關注現實。故選B項。2．推理判斷題。根據第四段中“Whatstruckmewashowplainthesepeopleappearedinreallifedespitetheirpubliccharacters.Likeeveryoneelse,theygrappledwithinsecuritiesandmoodswings,eventhoughtheywereconstantlyunderthespotlight.(讓我震驚的是，盡管這些人在公眾面前有光鮮的形象，但他們在現實生活中卻顯得如此平凡。和其他人一樣，他們也在與不安全感和情緒波動作斗爭，盡管他們一直受到關注)”可知，作者觀察到的政治名人盡管在公眾面前有光鮮的形象，但在現實生活中卻和普通人一樣，有不安全感和情緒波動。由此推知，作者認為政治名人就像普通人一樣。故選A項。3．詞句猜測題。根據畫線短語上文“Likeeveryoneelse(和其他人一樣)”和下文“...insecuritiesandmoodswings(……不安全感和情緒波動)”可推知，政治名人和其他人一樣，他們也會與不安全感和情緒波動作斗爭。畫線短語grappledwith意思是“與……作斗爭”，和struggledwith意思相近。故選A項。4．推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Mostofusendupbeingordinarypeoplewithoutdoinganythingthatchangestheworld,butthatdoesnotmeanourlivesaremeaningless.Infact,itispreciselythisrealizationthatleadstosustainablehappinessbecause,whenallissaidanddone,noone’slifestyleisessentiallybetterthananyother’s.(我們大多數人最終都是普通人，沒有做什么改變世界的大事，但這并不意味著我們的生活就沒有意義。事實上，正是這種認識帶來了持久的幸福，因為歸根結底，沒有誰的生活方式本質上比其他人更好)”可知，作者認為我們大多數人都是普通人，沒有做什么驚天動地的大事，但這并不意味著我們的生活就沒有意義，沒有誰的生活方式本質上比其他人更好。由此推知，作者想在最后一段暗示人們應該對自己的生活方式感到滿足。故選C項?！景耸∑谥袇R編·閱讀·議論文03】（24-25高三上·四川內江·階段練習）Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformance:curiosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.Together,thesedeephumanurgescountformuchmorethanambition.GalileowasnotmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltotheground.LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”Fortunately,curiosityanddiscontentdon’thavetobelearned.Wearebornwiththemandneedonlyrecapturethem.“Thegreatman,”saidMencius(孟子),“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.Andthecrowddesiresonlythecalmandrestfulaverage.Itencouragesustooccupyourownlittlecorner,toavoidfoolishleapsintothedark,tobesatisfied.Mostofusmeetnewpeople,andnewideas,withhesitation.Butoncehavingmetandlikedthem,wethinkhowterribleitwouldhavebeen,hadwemissedthechance.Wewillprobablyhavetoforceourselvestowakenourcuriosityanddiscontentandkeepthemawake.Howshouldyoustart?Modestly,soasnottobecomediscouraged.Ithinkofonefriendwhocouldn’tarrangeflowerstosatisfyherself.Shewascuriousabouthowtheexpertsdidit.Nowsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.Onewaytobeginistoansweryourownexcuses.Youhaven’tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon’t;thereareonlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven’tanytime?That’sgood,becauseit’salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthingsdone.HarrietStowe,motherofsix,wrotepartsofUncleTom’sCabinwhilecooking.You’retooold?RememberthatThomasCostainwas57whenhepublishedhisfirstnovel,andthatGrandmaMosesshowedherfirstpictureswhenshewas78.Howeveryoustart,rememberthereisnobettertimetostartthanrightnow,foryou’llneverbemorealivethanyouareatthismoment.1．InwritingParagraph1,theauthoraimsto.A．proposeadefinition B．makeacomparisonC．reachaconclusion D．presentanargument2．Whatcanyoudotorecapturecuriosityanddiscontent?A．Observetheunknownaroundyou. B．Developaquestioningmind.C．Leadalifeofadventure. D．Followthefashion.3．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraphs6and7?A．Gainingsuccesshelpsyoubecomeanexpert.B．Thegeniustendstogetthingsdonecreatively.C．Lackoftalentandtimeisnoreasonfortakingnoaction.D．Youshouldremainmodestwhenapproachingperfection.4．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．CuriousMindsNeverFeelContented B．ReflectionsonHumanNatureC．TheKeystoAchievement D．NeverTooLatetoLearn【答案】1．D2．B3．C4．C【導語】本文是一篇議論文。文章論述了獲得成就的兩個關鍵因素——好奇心和不滿足1．推理判斷題。根據第一段“Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformance:curiosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.(經過多年對人性的觀察，我認為成就卓越的人和平庸之人的區別在于兩種品質：好奇心和不滿足。我從未見過一個杰出的人缺乏這兩種品質。我從未見過一個普通人同時擁有這兩者。這兩者是一體的。)”結合下文對好奇心和不滿足這兩個因素對成功的作用可知，作者寫第一段的目的是提出一個論點。故選D。2．細節理解題。根據第二段中的“LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”(像伽利略一樣，歷史上所有的偉人都感到好奇，并不滿地問：“為什么？為什么？為什么？”)”；以及第四段中的“Thegreatman,”saidMencius(孟子),“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.(孟子認為“不失去孩子的心的人，就是偉大的人?！比欢?，我們大多數人確實失去了它。我們不再問問題。我們不再挑戰習俗。我們只是隨大流。)”可知，你可以通過培養了一個善于提問的頭腦，來重新獲得好奇心和不滿足。故選B。3．推理判斷題。根據第六段“Nowsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.現在她是插花專家之一，正在寫插花方面的書)”及第七段“Youhaven’tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon’t;thereareonlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven’tanytime?That’sgood,becauseit’salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthingsdone.(你沒有什么特殊能力嗎？大多數人也沒有；天才屈指可數。你沒有時間嗎？很好，因為總是那些沒有時間的人把事情做好)”以及列舉了ThomasCostain在57歲時出版了他的第一部小說，GrandmaMoses在78歲時展示了她的第一批照片可知，這兩段想告訴我們“缺乏天賦和時間不是不采取行動的理由”。故選C。4．主旨大意題。根據第一段“Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.(經過多年對人性的觀察，我認為有兩個品質決定了成就非凡的人和平庸的人的區別好奇心和不滿足。據我所知，任何一個杰出的人都不缺乏這兩點。我從來沒見過一個普通人同時擁有這兩種能力。它們倆是天生一對)”結合本文主要論述了獲得成就的兩個關鍵因素——好奇心和不滿足可知，C項：TheKeystoAchievement“成就的關鍵”最符合文章標題。故選C【八省期中匯編·閱讀·議論文04】（24-25高三上·云南·期中考試）Planetarychangeswhichwillhaveaninfluenceonmanyaredrawingnearbecauseofthepoorecologicalstateoftheplanet.Actuallychangehasalreadybegunthroughclimatechanges,butmosthumanshaven’tnoticedthisyet.Climatechangehasbeguntoinfluencetheworldalreadyandwillbegintoworsenwithinthenextfewyears.Astheplanetisunderbiggeological(地質的)stresses,whicharecontinuouslyincreasing,itwillinthefuturenolongerbeabletosupportitspopulation.Shortageofresources,over-farming,lackofcleanair,notenoughcleandrinkingwateranddroughtaresomeoftheissuesthatwillallplayamuchgreaterroleinthenearfuture.Humanshavecausedlargeecologicaldestruction.Thelifestylesofmanypeoplearechangingatafastspeed;however,thiswillfinallyresultinashortageofsomevaluableresources.Whenthisshortagebeginstohappen,peoplewillnolongerbeabletohavesustainable(可持續的)lifestyles.It’simportanttounderstandthateveryoneplaysaroleinthewholeprocessoflife.Eachperson’sdecisioncanfinallyaffectthefuture.Thesedecisions,allcombined,canhaveaverygoodeffectonwhatthefuturewillbelikeforhumans.Sothefuturedependsonthechoiceswemakeatthepresentmoment.Whilemoreandmorepeoplearebecomingawareofclimatechangeandotherenvironmentalproblemsrelatedtoglobalwarming,notallarefullyunderstandinghowfar-reachingitseffectswillbe.Unfortunately,mostofthehumansrealizethattheplanetisn’tfunctioningwell,buttheydon’tunderstandthatthisiscreatingamajorproblemforthefuturesurvivalofhumans.So,everypersonshouldmakethenecessarychangestoreducetheirinfluenceontheenvironmentandhelpcreateamoresustainablefuture1．Whatdoweknowaboutclimatechangefromthetext?A．Itisnotcasyforpeopletounderstand. B．Itisexpectedtobecomeworsesoon.C．Itismainlycausedbynaturaldisasters. D．Itiswellrealizedbymosthumans.2．Whatareparagraphs2and3mainlyabout?A．Resourceshumansarerunningoutof. B．Healthylifestyleshumansneedtolead.C．Problemshumanswillbefacedwith. D．Geologicalchangeshumanshavecaused.3．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Tocallonpeopletocontributetoasustainablefuture.B．Toinformpeopletheplanetisn’tfunctioningproperly.C．Towarnpeopleofthedangerofecologicaldestruction.D．Totellpeopletherightwaytoobtainenoughresources.4．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．TheCausesofPlanetaryChanges B．TheInfluenceofEcologicalDestructionC．WaystoBuildaSustainableFuture D．EnvironmentalDamageandtheHumanFuture【答案】1．B2．C3．A4．D【導語】本文是篇議論文。文章分析了地球生態狀況不佳，氣候變化已經開始，同時人類也對地球的生態環境造成了嚴重的破壞。盡管越來越多的人意識到了這一點，但并非所有人都能理解這種情況將會嚴重影響人類未來的生存問題。因此，作者認為每個人都應該做出必要的改變，以減少他們對環境的影響，并幫助創造一個更可持續的未來。1．細節理解題。根據第一段“Climatechangehasbeguntoinfluencetheworldalreadyandwillbegintoworsenwithinthenextfewyears.”（氣候變化已經開始影響世界，并且將在未來幾年內開始惡化。）可知，氣候變化預計很快就會變得更糟。故選B。2．主旨大意題。根據第二段“Astheplanetisunderbiggeological(地質的)stresses,whicharecontinuouslyincreasing,itwillinthefuturenolongerbeabletosupportitspopulation.Shortageofresources,over-farming,lackofcleanair,notenoughcleandrinkingwateranddroughtaresomeoftheissuesthatwillallplayamuchgreaterroleinthenearfuture.”（隨著地球承受著不斷增加的重大地質壓力，它將不再能夠養活其人口。資源短缺、過度耕作、缺乏清潔空氣、清潔飲用水不足以及干旱等問題在未來都將扮演更加重要的角色。）第三段中“Humanshavecausedlargeecologicaldestruction.Thelifestylesofmanypeoplearechangingatafastspeed;however,thiswillfinallyresultinashortageofsomevaluableresources.”（人類造成了巨大的生態破壞。許多人的生活方式正在快速變化；然而，這最終將導致一些寶貴資源的短缺。）可知，該兩段段主要描述了人類未來將會面對的問題。故選C。3．推理判斷題。根據最后一段“So,everypersonshouldmakethenecessarychangestoreducetheirinfluenceontheenvironmentandhelpcreateamoresustainablefuture.”（因此，每個人都應該做出必要的改變，以減少他們對環境的影響，并幫助創造一個更可持續的未來。）和文章內容可知，作者寫這篇文章是為了呼吁人們能夠幫助創造一個可持續的未來。故選A。4．主旨大意題。根據第一段“Planetarychangeswhichwillhaveaninfluenceonmanyaredrawingnearbecauseofthepoorecologicalstateoftheplanet.”（由于地球的生態狀況不佳，那些將對許多人產生影響的星球變化即將來臨。）和第三段“Humanshavecausedlargeecologicaldestruction.”（人類造成了巨大的生態破壞。），以及最后一段“So,everypersonshouldmakethenecessarychangestoreducetheirinfluenceontheenvironmentandhelpcreateamoresustainablefuture.”（因此，每個人都應該做出必要的改變，以減少他們對環境的影響，并幫助創造一個更可持續的未來。）及全文內容可知，文章主要指出了人類對地球的生態環境造成了嚴重的破壞，從而引發從氣候改變開始的星球變化，對人類的未來造成了很大的影響。由此可知，文章最好的標題是“環境破壞與人類的未來”。故選D。【八省期中匯編·閱讀·議論文05】（24-25高二上·山西·期中考試）Happinessisn’tearned;it’snoticed.Youcanputalotofenergyintogettingtoapositionwherehappinessiseasiertonotice.Butifyouarenotexcitedaboutanachievement,youknowthathappinessisn’tautomatic(自動的).Instead,youneedtopracticenoticinghappinessaroundyou.It’sactuallyarathercommonemotion;wejustusuallyignoremostofthesourcesforitbecausetheyarenotimportant.Everyrockaroundyouhasastory,astructure,andatexture(紋理).Pickuparockandlookatituntilyoufindsomethingyoulike.Thendropit,catchanother,anddoitagain.Withjustalittlepractice,you’llbuildanentirelittlesysteminyourownheadforadmiringrocks,andprettysoonyoucangetalittlebitofhappinessjustlookingatarock.Thatincludeseverything.Flowers,trees,wind,clouds,cars,rain,ruraldiners,children’ssportsmatches,librarybathrooms,parkinglots,everything.Theworldhasanendlesssupplyofdetail,andthere’snogoodreasonnottolearntoenjoythat.Whenyoudothis,yougetthiskindofsuperpowerwhereyoucanfindsmalljoyinanysituation.Theonlyreasonwhymostofusdon’tlearntopracticethisskillisthatweweretoldit’sawasteoftimebypeoplewhoneverfigureditout.Withalotofpractice,itcanevenhelpyououtduringtimesofintensesadness,fearorpain.Whenyouexperienceanegative(消極的)emotion,it’saverypowerfulskilltobeabletosay“Wow,howinterestingthatapersoncanhurtlikethis!Whataworld!”Itdoesn’tmakethebadfeelingsgoaway,itdoesn’tfixwhateverproblemthatcausedthem,buteveninthedepthsofhopelessnessyoucanshinealittlelight.1．Whatdowelearnabouthappinessfromparagraph1?A．Itisdifficulttoget. B．Itliesineveryone’slife.C．Itrequiresdiscovering. D．Itisamixedemotion.2．What’stheauthor’spurposeinmentioningtherock?A．Totellthestoriesbehindit.B．Toconnectitwithmanyotherthings.C．Toprovethevalueofeveryrock.D．Toshowawaytonoticehappiness.3．Whydomanypeoplefailtonoticehappiness?A．Theyrunafterrealjoyinlife. B．Theywanttocovereverything.C．Theyaremisledbynegativepeople. D．Theypaytoomuchattentiontodetail.4．Howcanadmiringhappinessbenefitus?A．Itdrivesourbadfeelingsaway. B．Itbrightensusinapositivelight.C．Ithelpssolvedifficultproblemsinlife. D．Itkeepsourmindopentoeverything.【答案】1．C2．D3．C4．B【導語】這是一篇議論文。本文作者告訴我們：幸福是要靠我們自己去發現的，要主動去注意和發現它；并且我們要練習發現幸福的能力，這樣我們才能從中受益。1．細節理解題。根據第一段中的“Instead,youneedtopracticenoticinghappinessaroundyou.(相反，你需要練習注意你周圍的幸福)”可知，幸福是需要被注意和被發現的。故選C。2．推理判斷題。根據第二段“Everyrockaroundyouhasastory,astructure,andatexture(紋理).Pickuparockandlookatituntilyoufindsomethingyoulike.Thendropit,catchanother,anddoitagain.Withjustalittlepractice,you’llbuildanentirelittlesysteminyourownheadforadmiringrocks,andprettysoonyoucangetalittlebitofhappinessjustlookingatarock.(你周圍的每一塊巖石都有一個故事，一個結構和一個紋理。拿起一塊石頭，看著它，直到找到你喜歡的東西。然后放下它，抓住另一個，再做一次。只要稍加練習，你就會在自己的頭腦中建立起一個欣賞石頭的小系統，很快你就能在看著石頭的時候獲得一點點快樂)”可知，本段舉例說明每一塊石頭都有亮點，要學會去發現每一塊石頭給你帶來的幸福，目的就是引入文章的主題：我們要去主動發現生活里的小幸福。因此，作者舉石頭的例子目的是呈現一種發現幸福的方法。故選D。3．細節理解題。根據第三段中的“Theonlyreasonwhymostofusdon’tlearntopracticethisskillisthatweweretoldit’sawasteoftimebypeoplewhoneverfigureditout.(我們大多數人沒有學會練習這項技能的唯一原因是，從來沒有弄清楚這一點的人告訴我們這是浪費時間)”可知，大多數人沒有去練習這種技能的唯一原因就是他們被其他人告知這是浪費時間。因此，他們是被一些消極的人所誤導。故選C。4．推理判斷題。根據最后一段內容“Withalotofpractice,itcanevenhelpyououtduringtimesofintensesadness,fearorpain.Whenyouexperienceanegative(消極的)emotion,it’saverypowerfulskilltobeabletosay“Wow,howinterestingthatapersoncanhurtlikethis!Whataworld!”Itdoesn’tmakethebadfeelingsgoaway,itdoesn’tfixwhateverproblemthatcausedthem,buteveninthedepthsofhopelessnessyoucanshinealittlelight.(通過大量的練習，它甚至可以幫助你在極度悲傷、恐懼或痛苦的時候走出困境。當你經歷一種消極情緒時，能夠說“哇，一個人會受到這樣的傷害是多么有趣?。《嗝疵篮玫氖澜绨?！”它不會讓壞的感覺消失，它不會解決任何導致它們的問題，但即使在絕望的深處，你也可以發出一點光)”可知，練習發現幸福這項技能可以幫助你從困境及傷心等情緒中走出來。也就是可以幫助你積極面對消極的情緒，讓你變得更陽光開朗。故選B。【八省期中匯編·閱讀·議論文06】（2024·陜西榆林·一模）Superhumanartificialintelligenceisalreadyamongus.Well,sortof.WhenitcomestoplayinggameslikechessandGo,orsolvingdifficultscientificchallengeslikepredictingproteinstructures,computersarewellaheadofus.Butwehaveonesuperpowertheyaren’tclosetomastering:mindreading.Humanshaveamysteriousabilitytoreasonthegoals,desiresandbeliefsofothers,avitalskillthatmeanswecanpredictotherpeople’sactionsandtheconsequencesofourown.Readingmindscomessoeasilytous,though,thatweoftendon’tthinktospelloutwhatwewant.IfAIsaretobecometrulyusefulineverydaylife,wehavetogivethemthisgiftthatevolutionhasgivenustoreadotherpeople’sminds.Psychologistsrefertotheabilitytoinferother’smentalstateastheoryofmind.Inhumans,thisabilitystartstodevelopataveryyoungage.Howtoreproducethecompetenceinmachinesisfarfromclear,though.Oneofthemainchallengesiscontext.Forinstance,ifsomeoneaskswhetheryouaregoingforarunandyoureply“it’sraining”,theycanquicklyconcludethattheanswerisno.Butthisrequireshugeamountsofbackgroundknowledgeaboutrunning,weatherandhumanpreferences.Moreover,whetherhumansorAI,thetheoryofmindissupposedtoappearnaturallyfromone’sownlearningprocess.YetwemightstillwantAItohaveamorehuman-likeformoftheoryofmind.WhilelettingAIformthetheoryofmindintheirlearningprocessislikelytolead