第三講議論文議論文是以議論為主要表達方式的一種常用文體，它通過擺事實、講道理、辨是非等，來表達作者的見解和主張。中學英語書面表達所要求的議論文，是一種限定的寫作，其論點、論據和論證都比較明確，考生可以結合題目要求，闡述相關的觀點，切忌隨意發揮。寫好議論文要注意以下幾個方面：1．把握好議論文的三要素：論點、論據和論證。論點要明確，論據要充分，論證要嚴密。2．合理分段，理清層次：通常可分為三段：第一段：提煉觀點、引出話題：開門見山地提出需要討論的話題。第二段：剖析現象、分析原因：一般而言，同一現象可能由多個原因造成，所以考生需要運用適當詞語來引出原因，如firstly，secondly，thirdly；lastbutnotleast等。第三段：發表個人看法、觀點。3．選用合適的論證方法：①歸納法(從分析典型即分析個別事物入手，找出事物的共同特點，然后得出結論)；②推理法(從一般原理出發，對個別事物進行說明、分析，然后得出結論)；③對照法(把正反兩方面進行對照，然后加以分析，得出結論)；④駁論法(先列出錯誤的觀點，然后逐條加以批駁，最后闡明自己的觀點)等。4．言之有物，以理服人：緊扣議題，用鮮活的事實來說服讀者。恰當運用高級詞匯、高檔句式來豐富語句的信息量。[模板1對比觀點型]________(問題)arebeingmoreandmorepopularnow.Therearetwosidesofopinionsof________(問題)．Somestudentssay________(觀點一)aretheirfavorite.Theyholdtheirviewforthereasonthat________(理由一)．Whatismore，________(理由二)．Whileothersthinkthat________(觀點二)isabetterchoiceinthefollowingtworeasons.Firstly，________(理由一)．Secondly，________(理由二)．Frommypointofview，________(“我”的觀點)．Thereasonisthat________(理由)．Forme，thelatterissurelyawisechoice.①存在的問題。②贊成對方的觀點。③反對對方的觀點。④“我”的觀點及原因。[模板2說明利弊型]Nowadaysmany________prefer________(問題)becauseithasanimportantroleintheirdailylife.Generallyspeaking，itsadvantagescanbeseenasfollows.First，________(優點一)．Second________(優點二)．Besides，________(優點三)．Buteverycoinhastwosides.Thenegativeaspectsarealsoapparent.Oneoftheimportantdisadvantagesisthat________(缺點一)．Tomakemattersworse，________(缺點二)．Throughtheaboveanalysis，Ibelievethat________(結論)．Therefore，I wouldliketo________(看法)．①提出問題。②列舉優點。③列舉缺點。④發表看法。[模板3社會現象型]Nowadays，thereexistsamonphenomenon：with________(原因)，moreandmorepeopletendto________(現象)．Thereareacoupleofreasonsbehindthisphenomenon.Foronething，________(理由一)．Foranother，________(理由二)．Whatismore,________(影響)．Basedontheabovediscussions，Icaneasilyforecastthat________(結論)．①具體的社會問題或者現象。②分析出現這種現象的原因。③得出結論。1．必備亮點詞匯recentlyadv. 最近arousevt. 引起concludev. 得出結論influencen. 影響payattentionto 注意inaddition 另外paredwith... 與……比較asfarasIamconcerned 就我而言atotallydifferentargument 完全不同的觀點positiveandnegativeeffects 有利有弊besupportedbysoundreasons 有充分的理由支持nowadaysadv. 現在sayingn. 諺語discussionn. 討論majorityn. 多數indemand 需求personally 就個人而言argumentn. 爭論proverbn. 諺語，格言analysisn. 分析asfollows 如下generallyspeaking 一般來說onthecontrary 相反fromanotherperspective 從另一個角度acontroversialissue 有爭議性的問題severalpositiveaspects 幾個積極的方面advantagesanddisadvantages 優勢和劣勢2．經典套用句型·閃亮篇首句Alongwiththedevelopmentof...，moreandmore...隨著……的發展，越來越多的……Thereisalongrunningdebateastowhether...對于是否……有一個長期存在的爭論。Somepeoplebelievethat...isreasonable.有些人認為……是合理的。Foryears，...hasbeenseenas...，butthingsarequitedifferentnow.多年以來，……一直被看作是……，但現在情況大不一樣了。Nowadays，peopleinChinaareincreasinglyinterestedin...如今，中國人正越來越對……感興趣。·出彩篇中句IprefermyEnglishclassestobetaughtinEnglishonly.我更喜歡英語課只用英語授課。Foranother，weshouldbehonestandtrytogetgoodresultsbystudyinghard.另一方面，我們應該誠實并且盡力通過努力學習取得好成績。Therefore，theywillbeabletolearnmorequickly.因此，他們將學得更快。Whatcallsforspecialattentionisthat...需要特別注意的是……There’snodenyingthat...不可否認的是……Nothingisfarmoreimportantthanthefactthat...沒有什么比……這一事實更為重要。However，therearealsosomeproblemswith...然而，……也有問題存在。Otherpeopleconsideritasafashionactshowingtheyarenot“out”．另一些人把這當作一種顯示他們沒有“落伍”的時尚行為。Asweallknow，agoodlearningenvironmentisvitalifwewanttostudyalanguagewell.正如我們所知，如果想學好一門語言，一個好的學習環境是至關重要的。Inmypointofview，...hasmuchdifferencefromtheorigin.在我看來，……與它的起源有很大的不同。Thearisingofthisactclearlyhassomethingtodowith...這種行為的出現與……有關。·精彩篇尾句Itcanbesaidwithcertaintythat...可以肯定地說……Astheproverbsays,...常言道，……FromallthatIsaid，Iagreetotheviewthat...根據以上所言，我同意……的觀點。Justasthesayinggoes，“Practicemakesperfect.”正如俗語所說，“實踐出真知。”Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove，wemaysafelydrawtheconclusionthat...根據上面的討論，我們可以毫無疑問地得出……的結論。Frommypointofview，itwouldbebetterif...我認為，如果……會更好。Inconclusion，Ithinkit’sallrightto...總之，我認為……是可以的。請閱讀下面短文，并按照要求用英語寫一篇150詞左右的文章。(2016·江蘇卷)Inrecentyears，internetvotinghasbeeincreasinglypopularinChina.Peoplenotonlycastonlinevotesthemselves，butalsourgeotherstovoteforpetitionslikethe“MostBeautifulTeacher”andthe“CutestBaby”．LiJiang，ahighschoolstudent，isinvitedtovoteinthe“BestPoliceOfficer”petition，organizedbythelocalgovernmenttoletthepublichaveabetterunderstandingofpoliceofficers’dailywork.LiJiangvisitsthewebsiteandreadsallthestories.Heisdeeplymovedbytheirgloriousdeeds.Heisalreadythinkingofbeingapolicemanhimselfinthefuture.SuHuaisinvitedbyhisuncletovoteforhiscousininthe“FutureSinger”petition.Hehasalreadyreceivedthreesimilarinvitationsthisweek.Hisuncletellshimthatifhiscousinwinsthepetition，thefamilywillwinanoverseastourforfree.SuHualikeshiscousinverymuch，buthefindsothersingersperformevenbetter.Tovote，ornottovote？Thisisaquestionthattroubleshimverymuch.[寫作內容]1．用約30個單詞寫出上文概要；2．用約不少于100個單詞闡述你對網絡投票的看法，并用2～3個理由或論據支撐你的看法。[寫作要求]1．寫作過程中不能直接引用原文語句；2．作文中不能出現真實姓名和學校名稱；3．不必寫標題。[評分標準]內容完整，語言規范，語篇連貫，詞數適當。(范文1)Onlinevotingbeesincreasinglypopular，andmanypetitionsgetpeopleinvolvedinit.Itisbeneficialtosomepeople，whileitputsothersintoadilemmaoverwhethertovoteornot.Inmyopinion，onlinevotingisaninseparablepartofmodernlifeandshouldbeweled，sinceitisnomorethanawaytoparticipateinpubliclife.Itmakesnodifferencefromordinaryvotingevents，inwhichcandidatesgoaroundtoseeksupports.Inaddition，theInternetmakessurveyingandvotingeasyandconvenient，regardlessoftimeandspace.Furthermore，votingontheInternetmakesinstantfeedbackpossible.Tobehonest，voterssometimesfeelannoyed，notbecausetheyhatevoting，butbecausetheyaredividedbetweenemotionandfairness.Thingswillturnforthebetterifwecanworkoutsomeparticipationrulesforpeopletoobey.Therefore,Iholdapositiveattitudetowardsonlinevoting.(范文2)Internetvotingisquitepopularnowadays.Manypeoplearesomewhatpuzzledatthenegativesideofthevoting，althoughsomearequitehappywithit，andacti