學習好資料歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載中考英語復習—定語從句，祈使句，感嘆句用法★中考定語從句復習一）、知識回顧課前熱身下列句子帶有賓語從句還是定語從句Ididn’tunderstandthewordsthathesaid（）Idindn’tunderstandwhathesaid（）Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.（）Couldyoutellmewhetheryougoornot?（）★由以上題，你是怎么區別定語從句和狀語從句的？二）知識概述學好定語從句要牢記理解它的幾個要素：1）在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。2）定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。3）定語從句放在先行詞后面，定語從句分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句。4）引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞（關系代詞that,which,who(賓格who,所有格whose)和關系副詞where,when、why）5）關系詞常有三個作用：1、引導定語從句2、代替先行詞3、在定語從句中從當一個句子成分（主語，賓語表語定語狀語）課堂練習1指出下列復合句子中的先行詞，關系詞，定語從句。1．Allmyclassmatesenjoyedthecakethat/whichImade.2．ShewastheteacherwhotaughtusEnglishLiterature.3．Thegirlwho/whom/thatyouhavejustseenisverygoodatEnglish.4．IsatnexttoagirlwhosenamewasDiana.5．It'saplacethat/whichhasbigdesksbutnonewspapersormagazines.[自我總結]1.關系代詞that或which指代，在從句中作made的賓語。2．關系代詞who指代theteacher，在從句中作。3．that，who，whom指人——thegirl，whom是形式，在從句中作see的賓語。4．關系代詞whose指代thegirl's，作，修飾name。5．關系代詞that或which指代place，在從句中作。三）要點精講精練Ⅰ、關系代詞引導的定語從句1.who指人，（指代先行詞），在從句中做主語TheboysareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanlosthisway.2.whom指人，（指代先行詞）在定語從句中充當賓語，常可省略。Mr.Liuisthepersonyoutalkedabout.*關系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。Themanyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，（指代先行詞）在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略Footballisagameislikedbymostboys.(在句子中做主語)Thisisthepenheboughtyesterday.(在句子中做賓語)4.that指人時，（指代先行詞）相當于who或者whom；指物時，相當于which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。Thepeoplecometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主語)WhereisthemanIsawthismorning?(在句子中做賓語)5.whose通常指人，（指代先行詞的….）也可指物，在定語從句中做定語Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.*whose指物時，常用以下結構來代替Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookisyellow?※特別提示：(1)不用that的情況(a)在引導非限定性定語從句時。(錯)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,Isveryfamoushere.(b)介詞后不能用。Wedependonthelandfromwegetourfood.Wedependontheland/wegetourfoodfrom.(2)只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況(a)在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。(b)在不定代詞，如：anything,nothing,theone,all等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。(c)先行詞有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修飾時，只用that。(d)先行詞為序數詞、數詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that,不能用which。.(e)先行詞既有人，又有物時。(f)先行詞指物，在主句中作表語時．(g)為了避免重復．(h)先行詞是theway或thereason時，that可作關系副詞，也可省略(i)主句的主語是疑問詞who/which時【針對練習】:請指出下列that的使用符合上述哪一條原因？Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary?這是你在圖書館借的那本書嗎？Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished．誰打碎了窗戶都要受到懲罰．Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油問題。Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。Ⅱ、關系副詞引導定語從句關系副詞在句中作狀語，關系副詞=介詞+關系代詞why=forwhichwhere=in/at/on/...which(介詞同先行詞搭配來決定選用哪一個介詞)when=during/on/in/...which(介詞同先行詞搭配來決定選用哪一個介詞)1.where指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語，指代表示地點的先行詞(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.（where=inthecity=inwhich）(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown. 2.when指時間。在定語從句中做時間狀語指代表示時間的先行詞(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.[注]表示時間“time"一詞的定語從句只用when引導，有時不用任何關系代詞，當然也不用that引導。BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.我仍然記得我第一次見到她。Eachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrushetc。3.why指原因在定語從句中做原因狀語指代先行詞reason(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(2)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：關系副詞引導的從句可以由“介詞+關系代詞”引導的從句替換(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.注：1）介詞后面的關系代詞不能省略。2）that前不能有介詞。3）某些在從句中充當時間，地點或原因狀語的"介詞+關系詞"結構可以同關系副詞when,where和why互換。針對練習：1.ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.=2.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?=3.Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.=課堂練習21.Didyoufindthenotebook______Jimhadgivenmeformybirthday?A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose2.That’sall______Ihaveseenandheard.

A.whichB.thatC.whereD.what3.Haveyouseentheman______planweweretalkingabout______yesterday?A.who,themB.its,themC.whose,/D.whose,them4.TheOscarisoneofthefilmprizes______offeredtoanyChineseactororactresssofar.A.whicharenotB.thathavenotbeenC.thathasnotD.thathasnotbeen5.Heneverreadsanything______isnotworthreading.A.thatB.asC.whoD.which6.Theman________coatisblackiswaitingatthegate.A.who'sB.whoseC.thatD.ofwhich7._________cleanstheclassroomcangohomefirst.A.AnyoneB.thosewhooC.HoweverD.Theonewho8.Thepolicecaughttheman_______stolemyhandbag.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which9.Thegirl________isreadingunderthetree________mysister.A.which,isB.whom,wasC.who,isD.who,was10.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishteacher_______lovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which11、Heisafriend______canhelpyouintimeofneed.A.whoheB.whoseC./D.who12、Themostimportantthing______weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing______Ihavesaid.A.which,thatB.that,whichC.which,whichD.that,that13、Thisistheonlyoneofthesebooksthat______worthreading.A．hasB.haveC.isD.are14、Theman______talkedtoyoujustnowismyfather.A.whoB.heC.whichD.whose15、Theythoughttoomuchabout______.A.whichIhadsaidB.whatIhadsaidC.thatIhadsaidD.Ihadsaid四：課后作業：一、單項選擇。1.---DoyouknowwhentheWorldCup________nextweek?---NextFriday.Whenit________,Iwillringyou.A.begins,beginsB.begins,willbeginC.willbegin,willbeginD.willbegin,begins2.---Todayortomorrow?---Whatareyoutalkingabout?---Wearetalkingabout_______togiveatalkonWTO.A.howB.whereC.whenD.what3.Iwonder_________.A.wheredoesheliveB.whereheliveC.heliveswhereD.wherehelives4.---Areyousureyouhaveto?It'sbeenverylate.---Idon'tknow_____Icandoitifnotnow.A.whereB.whyC.whenD.how5.---Wouldyoupleasetellme_________?---InasmallvillagenearNingbo.A.wherewasyourmotherbornB.whereyourmotherwasbornC.whenwasyourmotherbornD.whenyourmotherwasborn6.Thephotographwillshowyou________.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike7.---Canyouguessifthey_______toplaybasketballwithus?---Ithinkthey'llcomeifthey_________free.A.willcome,willbeB.willcome,areC.come,areD.come,willbe8.---Wheredoeshecomefrom?---Pardon?---Iaskedwhere_________.A.didhecomefromB.hecamefromC.hecomesfromD.doeshecomefrom9.Shewondered__________.A.howmuchhecostthecomputerB.howmuchhepaidforthecomputerC.howmuchthecomputerwillcosthimD.howmuchdidhespendonthecomputer10.---Doyouknow________?---I'mnotsure.Maybeheisabusinessman.A.whoheisB.whoisheC.whathedoesD.whatdoeshedo★感嘆句點撥感嘆句一般是用來表示說話時的喜悅、驚訝等情感。英語感嘆句常用"what"和"how"引導，"what"和"how"與所修飾的詞置于句首，其它部分用陳述句語序。一、由"what"引導的感嘆句："what"意為"多么"用作定語，修飾名詞（被強調部分），單數可數名詞前要加不定冠詞a/an,復數可數名詞或不可數名詞前不用冠詞。這類句子的結構形式是：what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主語(前面那個名詞對應的代詞)+謂語（be）.如：①Whataclevergirlsheis!多么聰明的姑娘呀！②Whatitis!多么有趣的故事呀！③Whattheyare!他們是多么好的孩子呀！④Whatbeautifulflowers!多么漂亮的花呀！⑤Whatdeliciousfood!多么有味的食物呀！⑥!多么大的雪呀！二、由"how"引導的感嘆句："how"意為"多么"，用作狀語，修飾形容詞或副詞（被強調部分）。如果修飾形容詞，則句中的謂語動詞用系動詞；如果how修飾副詞，則句中的謂語動詞用行為動詞，這類句子的結構形式是：How+adj.（adv.）+主語+謂語+(itis).如：①Howcolditistoday!今天多么冷呀！②How!多么漂亮的圖畫呀！③Howthey!他們顯得多么高興呀！④Howshe!她唱得多好呀！⑤Howhardtheyareworkingnow!他們干得多么起勁呀！三、在表示同一意義時，英語感嘆既可用"what"引導，也可用"how"引導。如：①多么熱的天氣呀！Whatahotdayitis!Howthedayis!②多么高的樓房呀！Whattallbuildingstheyare!How!③多么糟糕的天氣呀！Whatitis!How!！④多么明亮的陽光呀！Whatitis!Howbrightthesunshineis!四、感嘆句在表示激動強烈的感情時，口語中常常采用省略句，其后面的主語和謂語往往略去不講。如：①Whatafineday!多么晴朗的天呀！②Whatanhonestboy!多么誠實的孩子呀！③Whatredapples!多么紅的蘋果呀！④Howcool!好涼快呀！⑤Howwonderful!精彩極了！作業：中考真題1)--________beautifuldayitis!Let'sgoandhaveapicnicinthepark.--Goodidea!A.HowB.HowaC.WhatD.Whata2)-Katehaswonthefirstprizeinthesingingcompetition.--______pleasantsurprisethisgaveherclassmates!A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa3)_______greatmanHuangFurongis!HelosthislifewhilesavingthestudentsintheYushuearthquake.A.HowB.HowaC.WhatD.Whata4)_______excitingsportitistoclimbthemountains!A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Whatan5)--__________beautifulcity!--Yes.Lotsoftouristscometovisititeveryyear.A.HowB.WhatC.HowaD.Whata6)____goodjobshedoes!Sheisreallyaclevergirl.A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa7)--________interestingtalkMr.Blackgaveus!--Yes.Wealllikeitverymuch.A.HowB.WhataC.