NounClausesNounClausesHowshouldweusemoderntechnology?Theproblemis…Theproblemishowweshouldusemoderntechnology.WhenwillmanbeabletoliveonMars….isunknowntousallWhenmanwillbeabletoliveonMarsisunknowntousall.WherewillalltheseadvancedtechnologyleadusIcan’timagine….Ican’timaginewherealltheseadvancedtechnologywillleadus.名詞性從句是一種具有名詞功能的非獨立分句,可以表示:事實和問題。1.連接詞有:thatwhether和lf2.連接代詞有:whowhomwhosewhichwhat等3.連接副詞有:whenwherewhyhow等另外whateverwhoeverwhichever等也可以引導主語和賓語兩種從句。名詞性從句中的that沒有詞義,也不作任何成分。除引導賓從外,主從和表從中不省主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句從句一律保持陳述語序請判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句主從WhatIwanttodoistakingabath.Thenewsthattheywonthegamespreadthewholeschool.同位語從句賓從Idon’tthinkheisanhonestboy.Thefactisthathestolethecar.表從Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?同位語從句Doyouknowthemanwhoisstandingoverthere?定從主從Itissaidthattheywonthegame.精品課件,精彩無限!5?引導名詞性從句的連接詞:that(無意義,不可省,不充當任何成分)whether,if(均表示“是否”表明從句內容的不確定性)asif,asthough(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)以上在從句中均不充當任何成分精品課件,精彩無限!6?連接代詞:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever連接副詞:when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用,在從句中充當從句的成分精品課件,精彩無限!7不可省略的連詞:1.介詞后的連詞2.引導主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy?Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon精品課件,精彩無限!81.主語從句:從句在句中充當主語成分1Thattheearthisroundistrue2Whetherhewillcomeisdoubtful3Whathesaidsurprisedmemost4Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout5Whoevercomesiswelcome.6It’scertainthathewillsucceed.7Howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting8Whenthey’llstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyet.It的用法:(形式主語)It’possible/important/necessary/clear…that……很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…It’said/reported…that…據說/據報道…It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat…已經通知/宣布…Itseems/appears/happensthat…顯然、明顯、碰巧…It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/無疑…It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge眾所周知)/acommonsaying….(俗話說)“if”不能引導主語從句,應有“whether”引導主語從句的“that”一般不能省?！皐hat”引導主語從句時,謂語動詞:1)常與其后作表語的名詞一致2)根據句子的語境而定1.Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.2.Whatyousaidisofgreatimportance.3.Whathesaysanddoesdoesn’tconcernme.4.Whathesaysanddoesdon’tagree.1.___hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrueA.ThatB.WhyC.WhatDHow2.___we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweatherA.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where3.___isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry____theFirstWorld.A.Which;belongtoB.As,belongedtoC.What;belongingtoD.It;belongingto4.It’sknowntousall___aformofenergyA.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit___herhairwasturninggrayA.whetherBThatC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink___noneofyourbusinessA.isBareC.hasDhave注意主語從句中的“主謂一致”:1.主語從句通常被看作一個整體,主句的謂語動詞用單數形式.isThattheywillcome_______certain.2.What引導主語從句時,主句謂語動詞的單復數由表語的單復數決定.areWhathewants______thesebooks.Whathewants___is___somewater.精品課件,精彩無限!142.賓語從句:從句在句中充當賓語成分(可以作謂語動詞、介詞、不定式等非謂語動詞的賓語)that,whether,if(that常可省略)連詞:who,what,which,whoever,whateverwhen,where,why,how1.CanyoumakesurewhereAlicehasputthegoldring.2.Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus3.Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.4.Hemadeitcleartothepublicthathedidanimportantandnecessaryjob5Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomework.1.當主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時或一般將來時,賓語從句的謂語動詞可以用所需要的任何一種時態。2.當主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時,賓語從句的謂語動詞要用相應的過去時態,但當賓語從句敘述的內容為客觀真理時,仍然用一般現在時。travelsTheteachertoldhisclassthatlight_______fasterthansoundwillbe1.Theradiosaysit______cloudytomorrow.begoes2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything____well.gowereplaying3.Tomsaysthatthey____________playbasketballatsixo’clockyesterdayeveninghavereturned4.Ihearthey_______________returnitalreadyhadbeen5.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.be賓語從句中的“時態呼應”與“否定轉移”時態呼應hadfinishedHetoldmethathe____________hisjob已經完成了工作否定轉移若主句謂語動詞為think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等,其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義,一般要把否定詞轉移到主句謂語上,從句謂語用肯定式。例如:我認為他不會來這里.Ithinkhewon’tcomehereIdon’tthinkhewillcomehere精品課件,精彩無限!186.Ididn’tknowwhattimehe_______wrotetheletter.write7.Couldyoutellmewho_________hastakenawaythebookalready?take8.LingFengtoldmehe_________hadbeentotheGreatWallseveraltimes.be賓語從句中用it作形式賓語注意:如果主句中有形容詞或名詞作賓語補足語時,一般用it來作形式賓語,把從句放在賓補后面。Wethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpothers.我發現他兩天之內完成工作是不可能的.Ifinditimpossiblethathecanfinishtheworkintwodays.精品課件,精彩無限!20Exercises:“it”作形式主語或形式賓語:A1.Ihate____whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.themB2.Ifeel____strangethatheshouldbesocarelessA./B.itC.thatD.howB3.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggreyA.whileB.thatC.ifD.for4Willyouseeto____thattheluggageisbroughtback?CA.weB.yourselfC.itD.them精品課件,精彩無限!213.表語從句:從句在句中充當表語成分,一般放在連系動詞之后.作用:對主語進行解釋說明。連接詞:that/whether/asif/asthough(if不引導表語從句連接代詞:who/whoever/which/whatever連接副詞:when/where/why/how/becauseChinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobeThat’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattimeHelookedasifhewasgoingtocryTomorrowiswhenitwouldbemostconvenient.在復合句中作主句的表語.引導表語從句的關在復合句中作主句的表語.引導表語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句的關聯詞大致一樣聯詞與引導主語從句的關聯詞大致一樣1.問題是我們和他已失去聯系.Theproblemis_________________________________thatwehavelosttouchwithhim.2.這就是亨利怎么解決這個問題的.Thisis____________________________.howHenrysolvedtheproblem.3.天看起來要下雨了.asifitisgoingtorain.Itlooks____________________________.精品課件,精彩無限!231.在表語從句中,表“是否”時,只能用“whether”不能用“If”2.一般情況下,“that”不能省3.Itis/wasbecause…Itis/waswhy…3.Thereasonwhy…/for…is/wasthat….4Thereasonisbecause/why…that….1.That’s___thePartycalledonustodoA.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis___heisunabletooperatethemachineA.becauseB.whyC.thatDWhether3.Thatis___theyseparatedA.thatBwhatCwhichDwhere4.Janeisnolonger___shewasfouryearsagoA.whatBwhichC.thatDwhen4同位語從句:從句在句中充當同位語成分,一般跟在一些抽象名詞(idea;belief;fact;truth;rumour;news等)后面,對名詞作進一步解釋說明.同位語從句常用that/whether引導或連接副詞when/where/why/how1Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople2WordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem3SydneykepthispromisethathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness.whenhewillgetmarried.howtheycangetthetreasure.wheretheconcertwillbeheld.whoisfitforthework.whyithappened.Ihavenoideawhichpenismine.whatweshoulddonext.whomtheyaretalkingabout.whetherit’llraintomorrow.thatourfootballteamwonthegameWeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaagain.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed同位語從句和定語從句的區別:1.同位語從句??that只起連接作用,不作任何成分定語從句??that是關系代詞,起連接作用和充當賓語和主語2.同位語從句??同位語從句和前面的名詞是同位關系,對名詞進行補充說明定語從句??定從和前面的名詞是所屬關系,對名詞進行修飾,加以限定3.同位語從句??that不能省定語從句??that在從句中作賓語時,可以省1.Theideathatcomputerswillrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.1Whatistheidea?Theideaisthatcomputerswillrecognizehumanvoices.2Whatsurprisesmanypeople?iTheideasurprisesmanypeople.iiThatcomputerswillrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2.Thepossibilitythatthemajorityofthelaborforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed1WhatisthepossibilityThepossibilityisthatthemajorityofthelaborforcewillworkathome.2Whatisoftendiscussed?iThepossibilityisoftendiscussed.iiThatthemajorityofthelaborforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed.3.We’lldiscusstheproblemthatthemajorityofthestudentsareoftenlateforschool.1Whatistheproblem?Theproblemisthatthemajorityofthestudentsareoftenlateforschool.2Whatwillwediscuss?We’lldiscusstheproblem.We’lldiscussthatthemajorityofthestudentsareoftenlateforschool.that與whether/if的選擇:1_____knowledgecomesfrompracticeisknowntoallA.WhatB.WhereC.IfD.That2Itmakesnodifference_____oursportsmeetwillbeheldthisweekornextweekA.thatB.eitherC.whetherD.whenwhether/ifwhether/if3Idoubt_____________hewillcomesoon.4Idonotdoubt_____________hewillcomesoon.thatthatthatthat5Doyoudoubt____________hewillcomesoon?歸納whether/ifthat表示是否時用__________,表示肯定時用_______精品課件,精彩無限!32what&whatever引導名詞性從句的區別who&whoeverwhich&whichever1.___________iWhateversworthdoingisworthdoingwell.2.__________weneedismoretime.What3.___________madethelongdistancecalltohimisWhonotimportant.4.___________breaksthelawwillbepunishedWhoeverWhoever,whatever___________________等引導的名詞性從句不含有疑問意義,相當于名詞后加一個定語從句,而___W__h_o,w___h_at__________等引導的名詞性從句都含有疑問意義。精品課件,精彩無限!33that,what引導名詞性從句的區別What1._________Ican’tunderstandiswhyhehaschangedhismind.2.___________theearthisroundisknowntousall.ThatThatwhat3.______hewontheracewas______weexpected.歸納_______只起連接作用,在從句中不充當任何成分,沒有詞義that:what:_______起連接作用,且在從句中充當主語,賓語或表語,表示“所……的”。精品課件,精彩無限!34ExercisesB1.____madetheschoolproudwas____morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversitiesAWhat/becauseBWhat/thatCThat/whatDThat/because2.___shecouldnotunderstandwas___fewerandfewerAstudentsshowedinterestinherlessonsAWhat/whyBThat/whatCWhat/becauseDWhy/that3.HeisabsentfromschoolItis_______heisBseriouslyillA.whyB.becauseC.thatD.thereason4.___hDashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraisingAWhoBTheoneCAnyoneDWhoeverA5Informationhasbeenputforward__moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintounive