能力提升語法1時態一般現在時Ialways/usually/often/sometimes/seldom/nevergetupearly.Hegetsupearlyeveryday/whenit’snecessary.Myparentsownarestaurant.Theearthgoesaroundthesun.Inthemovie,theboymeetsagirlandfallsinlovewithher.現在進行時is/am/aredoingWe’retakinganEnglishlessonnow.I’mlivinginShanghaicurrently.[對比]IliveinBeijing.Thepriceoffoodisrisingdramatically.ExerciseChoosethebestendingsforthesentences.Fionaiswatchingtelevisiona)becauseherfavouritefilmstarison.b)whenshehastime.Idotheshoppinga)atthesametimeeveryweek.b)todayforafriendwho'sill.Thecompany'sfinancialsituationisimprovingwhenthereisgreaterdemandforitsproducts.becauseitnowhasanewCEO.一般過去時did/usedtodo過去發生的（一連串）動作(Yesterday)ItookmyEnglishlessonandbegantodomyhomework.ThenIfinishedmyhomeworkandwenthome.過去習慣性動作Heoftenvisitedheratthattime.(Heusedtovisither.)過去狀態Myparentsownedarestaurantfor18years.(Myparentsusedtoownarestaurant.)過去進行時was/weredoingIwasdoinghomeworkwhenhecalledme.Asweweredrivinghome,itbegantorain.WhileIwasreadingabook,hewasdrawing.Werealiseditwassnowingmoreandmoreheavily.現在完成時have/hasdone完成，結果（對現在的影響）I’vealreadyfinishedmyhomework.NowIcangohome.Haveyouwrittenyourhomework(yet)?-Ihavenotwrittenmyhomeworkyet.I’vewrittenfiveessayssinceIbeganthiscourse/sofar/for(in)thelastyear.Shehasbeenabroadtwice.I’veneverbeentoFrance(before).現在完成進行時have/hasbeen-ing強調動作本身或者持續的時間IhavebeenlearningEnglishforthepastweek/since2022.Shehasbeenworkingonheressayfor3hours,andhasnowfinishedit.過去完成時haddone過去的過去BeforeMozartwasborn,fiveofhissiblingshadalreadydied.Whenhecalledme,Ihadfinishedcooking.(Ifinishedcookingandhecalledme.)[間接引語]Hesaid,“Imetyourfather.”->Hesaidhehadmetmyfatherbefore.過去完成進行時hadbeendoing強調動作或持續的時間Shehadbeenlearningtodanceforthreeyearswhenhemether.ExerciseFillintheblankwiththecorrectformoftheverbs.Sofar,we______________(learn)onethousandEnglishwords.Inmycountrywe_________________(drive)ontheright-handsideoftheroad.Explorersatthattime__________________(believe)thattheworldwasflat.Theaccidenthappenedwhileshe__________________(watch)thenewsonTV.I______________________(work)onmyessayforthelastweek,and__________________(finish)itnow.Lastyear,Igraduated/havegraduated/hadgraduatedfromuniversitywithadegreeincomputerscience.Sincethen,Iwork/havebeenworking/workedatasoftwarecompany.Overthepastfewmonths,ourteamwork/hasbeenworking/workedtirelesslyonanewproject.Yesterday,I____________(wake)upearlyand_____________(prepare)adeliciousbreakfast.AsI_______________(eat),I_______________(receive)aphonecallfrommyfriend.She______________(want)metogotoapartythatevening.I______________(accept)theinvitation.Then,I______________(go)shoppingforanewdress.I______________(find)theperfectoneand______________(buy)it.Bythetimetheparty______________(start),I______________(already,get)ready.Attheparty,I____________(meet)manynewpeopleand____________(have)agreattime.Will/begoingto表將來Ithinkitwillbeveryhotthere.Itwon'trainveryoftenthere.Thenewmovieisgoingtobeinteresting.現在進行時表示將來We'restayinginasmallhoteltonight.(Wehavemadethearrangements.)[對比]We'regoingtobuyacar.(Wehaven'tmadethearrangementsyet.)PresentSimple（一般現在時表示將來）談論時間表或日程Thetrainleavesin20minutes.Themeetingonlylastsforthreedays.When,assoonas,after,before,until,aslongas等詞引導的從句中（主將從現）Wewillstayathomeifitrainstomorrow.情態動詞：may,might,could,maynot,mightnot,couldn’tYoumightmissthetrainifyoudon’tleavenow.Hecouldn’tcometomorrow./Hemaynotcometomorrow.FutureContinuous（將來進行時）I’llbeworkingonthereportallnextweek.Whatwillyoubedoingthistimeoftomorrow?FuturePerfectSimple（將來完成時）BytheendoftheyearIwillhavegiventhesametalksixtimes.I’llhavefinishedthereportbynextFriday/inaweek’stime/inaweek.FuturePerfectContinuous（將來完成進行時）BytheendofthemonthI’llhavebeenworkinghereforthreeyears.TheFutureinthePast（過去的將來）Noonebelievedhewouldactuallywinthegame.[間接引語]ShesaidshewouldtraveltoShanghaithenextday.Iwasgoingtoleavethismorningbuttheycancelledmyflight.ExercisesFillinthegapswiththecorrectformoftheverbs.Shesaidshe____________________(travel)toLondonthenextmonth.She___________________(eat)breakfasteverymorning.I_________________(be)interestedinlanguagesand_______________(study)SpanishwhenIwasyoung.They___________________(watch)amovieatthemoment.We___________________(swim)inthepoolwhenitstartedraining.He_________________(finish)hishomeworkbeforehismothercookeddinner.Bynextmonth,we___________________(live)inthiscityforfiveyears.They___________________(visit)fivedifferentcountriessofar.I__________________(watch)amovietonightwithmyfriends.Haveyouever_________________(be)abroad?We______________________(travel)toLondonnextmonth.He_____________________(read)abookwhenIcalledhim.Afteruniversity,I__________(find)ajobataninternationalcompany.I__________________(work)hereforthreeyears.Currently,I_____________(work)onanewprojectatmyjob.MycolleaguesandI_____________(meet)everyweektodiscussourprogress.Inmyfreetime,I_____________(pursue)mypassionforphotography.Lastmonth,I_______________(join)alocalphotographyclub.I_____________(volunteer)atalocalcharityorganizationonweekends.I________________(assist)inorganizingfivedifferenteventsinthepastmonth.Pleasewriteaboutyourfavouritemovieinatleast10sentences.請包含以下信息：電影的名字，類型;第一次觀看的時間，地點，和誰一起;當時怎么知道這部電影的（別人推薦/網絡/其他途徑）;看過幾次這部電影;簡單描述劇情能力提升語法2情態動詞能力can(could),beableto現在：IcanspeakEnglish.Ican’tspeakEnglish.Iamabletoswim.Heisn’tabletoswim.過去：Hecouldn’tplaythepianowhenhewasyoungbuthecouldplaytheguitar.Thepolicemanwasn’tabletofindoutthetruth.將來：Thestudentswillnotbeabletopasstheexam.可能性must=verypossible一定，肯定may,could,might=possible可能maynot,mightnot=possiblenot可能不couldn’t,can’t=impossible不可能現在可能性情態動詞+動詞原形Hecouldn’tbeadoctor.=It’simpossiblethatheisadoctor.Hemustworkveryhard.=It’sverypossiblethatheworksveryhard.Shemightnotbestudyingnow.=It’spossiblethatsheisnotstudyingnow.過去可能性情態動詞+have+過去分詞Hecouldn’thaveworkedyesterday.=It’simpossiblethatheworkedyesterday.Hemusthavebeenastudent.=It’sverypossiblethathewasastudent.Hecouldn’thavebeenworking.=It’simpossiblethathewasworking.Theymusthavebeenlisteningtomusicthistimeyesterday.=It’sverypossiblethattheywerelisteningtomusicthistimeyesterday.將來可能性may/might/could;maynot/mightnot/couldn’tImaygotoBeijingnextyear.Hemaynotcomeheretomorrow./Hecouldnotcomeheretomorrow.ExerciseFillintheblankswiththetheappropriateverbs:Myfriend_____________besleepingnow.Shenevergetsupearly.It_____________beverycoldoutside.Youprobablyneedacoat.Myfriend__________________________beensleepingat9AMyesterday.Shenevergetsupearly.Translatethesentences:我朋友現在不可能在睡覺。他們可能不會通過考試。她昨晚不可能睡覺了。請求/許可may,could,can/maynot,couldnot,cannotMayItakeabreak?-Yes,youmay.Couldyouhelpmewithmyhomework?-Yes,Icould.Youcan/may/couldborrowmybookifyoureturnitnextweek.建議should/oughttoYoushould/oughttostudyEnglisheveryday.Heshouldn’t/oughtnottobelateforschool.義務，必要性must,haveto,needto=necessarymustn’t=notallowednothaveto/notneedto/needn’t=notnecessary現在Youmustdoyourhomework.Youhaveto/needtofollowtherulesatschool.Youmustn’tbelateforschool.Youdon’tneedto/don’thaveto/needn’twaitforme.過去Ihadtogetupearlyeveryday.Ineededtocatchthebus.Ididn’thavetowaitforhim.Ididn’tneedtowaitforhim.(Ididn’twait.)Ineedn’thavewaitedforhim.(Iwaitedforhim.)將來I’llhaveto/needtofinishmyhomeworktomorrow.Sheisnotgoingtoneedtocleanherroom.ExerciseFillintheblankswiththeappropriatemodalverbandthecorrectform:can,could,may,might,must,orshould.He’snotansweringmycalls.He______________havelefthisphoneathome.Pleaseremembertherules.You_______________talkduringtheexam.Hewasverysmartand_______________speakfivedifferentlanguages.Students_____________wearuniformsinthisschool.______________Itakeabreakforafewminutes?I’mverytired.Theconsultantadvisedthatwe____________analyzethemarkettrends.Choosethetheappropriateverb:Ididn'tneedtogo/needn'thavegonetothestationtopickherup,soIfinishedmyessayinstead.NextyearI'llhaveto/I’llmustgetajobtopaybackallthemoneyI'veborrowedfromthebankformyuniversityfees.Shecouldn’t/mightnothavestolenthemoney.I’llneverbelieveit.She’ssuchagoodandhonestperson!Rewritethefollowingsentencesusinganappropriatemodalverbtoexpresspossibility,permission,obligation,oradvice.Itisnecessaryforyoutostudyfortheexam.Youmust/haveto/needtostudyfortheexam.Youarenotallowedtosmokeinthisbuilding.Shehastheabilitytosolvecomplexproblems.It’snotpossiblethathewasapolicemanatthattime.Itwasnecessaryforhimtogetupearlyeverydaylastyear.Itwasnotnecessaryforhimtogotothestationtomeether,sohedidnotgo.It’spossiblethatshedidnotworkveryhardwhenshewasinhighschool.Itwasnotnecessaryforhertogoshopping,butshewentshoppinganyway.In10years,it’spossiblethattheclimatewillchangedramatically.能力提升語法3被動語態被動語態be(根據時態變化)+過去分詞一般現在時：am/is/are+過去分詞現在進行時：ambeing/isbeing/arebeing+過去分詞一般過去時：was/were+過去分詞過去進行時：wasbeing/werebeing+過去分詞現在完成：hasbeen/havebeen+過去分詞過去完成：hadbeen+過去分詞將來：willbe+過去分詞將來完成：willhavebeen+過去分詞情態動詞：情態動詞+be+過去分詞Freshvegetablesaredeliveredtotherestaurantsdaily.Thehouseisbeingpainted.Theletterwasdeliveredyesterday.Theroadwasbeingrepairedlastweek.Theassignmenthasbeensubmitted(bythestudents).Thedocumentshadbeensignedbeforethemeeting.Theprojectwillbecompletednextmonth.Bynextyear,thebookwillhavebeenpublished.Therulesmustbefollowedbyallmembers.ExercisesThecharityevent______________(organize)everyyear.Fiveyearsago,thismovie_________________(adapt)fromatrueevent.Thenewdiscovery_______________(announce)onthenewsnow.Theproject_______________(complete)bytheendoftheyear.Mybike______________(steal)whenIwasatthestore.Theparty______________(plan)formonthsbeforeitfinallyhappened.主動&被動語態轉換Active:Manypeoplelikeanimals.Passive:Animalsareliked(bymanypeople).Active:Peopleshouldpurchaselessalcohol.Passive:Lessalcoholshouldbepurchased(bypeople).Active:Theteachermademedoalotofhomework.Passive:Iwasmadetodoalotofhomework(bytheteacher).Active:Ihavewrittenhimaletter.=Ihavewrittenalettertohim.Passive:Aletterhasbeenwrittentohim(byme)./Hehasbeenwrittenaletter.ExercisesRewritethefollowingsentencesinthepassivevoice:Johnbuiltahouse.Answer:AhousewasbuiltbyJohn.(build-built-built)Wehavefinishedtheproject.Theyarerenovatingtheoldbuilding.(renovate)Theteacherwillexplainthelessontomorrow.ThecompanyhadhiredanewCEOby2020.Heboughtherflowers.=Heboughtflowersforher.(buy-bought-bought)SheFlowersRewritethefollowingsentencesintheactivevoice:Thepackagewillbedeliveredbythepostman.Thedoorwasleftopenbysomeone.(leave-left-left)Themistakewasmadebytheaccountant.Aletterwaswrittentohimbytheeditor.(write-wrote-written)Changetheactivevoicesentencestopassivevoiceandviceversa.Passive:Thecakewasbakedbymymother.Active:Active:Millionsofpeoplewatchedthemovie.Passive:Passive:Theproblemhasbeensolvedbytheteam.Active:Passive:ThemoviewasdirectedbyStevenSpielberg.Active:Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformoftheverb:Theletter________________________(send)yesterday.Thecarhasalready_________________________(repair).Thereport_______________________(finish)bythetimethemeetingstarted.Thehouse_______________________(clean)byaprofessionaltomorrow.Thecontract____________________(must,sign)bybothparties.Theproject__________________(complete)atthemomentandwillbefinishedsoon.能力提升語法4簡單句結構簡單句（陳述句）五種結構主謂賓Ilikemusic.主謂Hewalksfast./Hecookseveryday.主系(Linkingverb)表Theskylooksblue./Iamastudent.主謂+雙賓Iwrotehimaletteryesterday./Hesentherapresent.主謂賓+賓語補足語Ifindherbeautiful./Shewantedmetocomehome.動詞形式動詞+todo:hope,want,help,ask...Ihopetopasstheexam.Shewantstogohome.(賓語)動詞+賓語+todo:want,help,ask,make,...Shewantsmetogohome.(賓補)Shehelpedmedohomework.(省略to的不定式)Myteachermademedohomework.(被動：Iwasmadetodohomework.)動詞+doing:enjoy,avoid,keep,...Youshouldavoiddrinking.動詞+介詞+doing:thinkabout,focuson,insiston,dreamof,...I’mthinkingaboutlookingforajob.動詞+todo和動詞+doing意思相近的詞：like,prefer,continue,start,begin...動詞+todo和動詞+doing意思不同的詞：goongoontodo:停下原來的事，繼續做下一件事Afteruniversity,shewentontogetajob.goondoing(continuedoing):繼續做原本的事Iwentonstudyingalthoughitwaslate.stopstoptodo:停下上一件事，去做下一件事IwaslostsoIstoppedtoasktheway.stopdoing:停止做原本的事Pleasestopmakingsomuchnoisebecauseitannoyspeople.remember/forgetremember/forgettodo:記得/忘記要做某事Pleaseremembertoturnoffthelightbeforeleaving.Iforgottobuyfoodyesterday.remember/forgetdoing:記得/忘記做了某事Istillremembermeetingyoutenyearsago.Shecompletelyforgotmeetinghim.trytrytodo(努力，可能不會成功)ItriedtopasstheexambutIfailed.trydoing(試驗)Ifthecoffeetastesbad,tryaddingsomemoresugar.needIneedtocleanmyroom.Theroomneedscleaning.=Theroomneedstobecleaned.伴隨狀語Hewalkedhome,followedbyhisdog.Sheenteredtheroom,singingherfavouritesong.Theyleftwiththechildrenlaughingandplaying.分析以下句子結構：Hisdreamistobecomeadoctor.Seeingisbelieving.Thefigureremainedstable.Tiredfromwork,Ifellasleepreadingabooklastnight.Toimproveherskills,shepracticesdaily.Ilikedrinkingcoffee.Peopleshouldpurchaselessalcohol.Shehopestotravelaroundtheworld.Shehasalotofunfinishedworktodo.Theteachermademedoalotofhomework.Ifoundthegirlsittingnexttomecrying.Ihavewrittenhimaletter.Heboughtherflowerseveryweek.能力提升語法5定語+定語從句定語MarieCuriewasanintelligentwoman.Didyouseethebookonthetable?Thebarkingdogisverynoisy.Thebrokenwindowwasquicklyrepaired.Ihavehomeworktodotoday.找出下列句子中的定語Hewasawonderfulsinger.Shegavemeabooktoread.Sheboughtahousepaintedwhite.Awrittenreportisduebytheendoftheweek.Thepeopleresponsiblefortheerrorhavebeenfound.限定性定語從句從句對于整個句子的意義是必不可少的;不使用逗號隔開，由關系代詞或關系副詞（如who,whom,whose,which,that,where,when,why）引導Studentswhostudyhardgetgoodgrades.(Studentsgetgoodgrades.Studentsstudyhard.)ThegirlwhomImetyesterdayisastudent.(Thegirlisastudent.Imetthegirlyesterday.)Thisisthecitywhich(that)Ihavevisitedmanytimes.(Thisisthecity.Ihavevisitedthecitymanytimes.)ThetownwhereIgrewupispeaceful.=ThetowninwhichIgrewupispeaceful.(Thetownisverypeaceful.Igrewupinthetown.)Thedayonwhich/whenwefirstmetisunforgettable.(Thedayisunforgettable.Wefirstmetontheday.)Istilldon’tknowthereasonforwhich/whyheissoangry.(Istilldon’tthereason.Heissoangryforthereason.)Thisistheprocessbywhichourfactoryrecyclesglass.(Thisistheprocess.Ourfactoryrecyclesglassbytheprocess.)Ilikethemusicianwhosesongsarewonderful.(Ilikethemusician.Themusician’ssongsarewonderful.)Isatinarestaurantwhosewallsarepaintedblue.(Isatinarestaurant.Therestaurant’swallsarepaintedblue.)關系代詞作為賓語時在從句中可以省略Thebookthat/whichIreadwasfascinating.=ThebookIreadwasfascinating.(Thebookwasfascinating.Ireadthebook.)Exercises用正確的關系代詞/關系副詞填空(that,which,who,whom,whose,why,where,when)Thisisthereason________hedecidedtoquithisjob.Thevillage________wespentourchildhoodhaschangedalot.Yesterday,Isawamovie____________wasreallyinteresting.將簡單句改寫為限定性定語從句Theactorisfamous.TheactorwonanOscarlastyear.Thestoryistrue.Thestorysoundsunbelievable.Imissthecity.Ilivedinthecityforfiveyears.Idon’tknowthereason.Herefusedtotakeanexamforthereason.Theastronautwenttoaspacestation.Inthespacestation,hecouldstudytheplanetclosely.非限定性定語從句提供關于先行詞的附加信息，但這些信息對句子的整體意義并非必需;通常用逗號與句子的其余部分隔開;That通常不用于非限定性定語從句Paris,whichisthecapitalofFrance,isknownforitsbeauty.Mysister,wholivesinLondon,isateacher.Mybirthday,whenallmyfriendsgather,ismyfavoritedayoftheyear.(Allmyfriendsgatheronmybirthday.)Shepassedtheexam,whichmadeusallhappy.Imissmygrandma,towhomIusedtobeveryclose.(Imissmygrandma.Iusedtobeveryclosetomygrandma.)[對比]Themovie(that/which)wewatchedlastnight,whichexploredthedepthsoftheocean,wasfascinating.Exercises將簡單句改寫為非限定性定語從句Mr.Johnsonwilljoinourmeeting.Mr.JohnsonistheCEOofthecompany.WevisitedRomelastsummer.RomeisthecapitalofItaly.用關系代詞/副詞填空(which,who,whom,whose,why,where,when)Hewonthefirstprizeinthecompetition,____________washeldlastmonth.Thestudents,___________weretaughtbyMrs.Smith,passedtheexam.Ournewteacher,____________wemetyesterday,isveryexperienced.Thetown’sonlylibrary,____________Ispendmostofmytime,hasavastcollectionofbooks.ExercisesFillintheblanks.Thebook__________yougavemewasveryinteresting.Thisisthereason__________hedecidedtoleavehisjob.Thevillagein__________wespentourchildhoodhaschangedalot.Hementionedhisprofessor,__________advicewasreallyhelpful.Thissong,to____________welistenedlastnight,isstillstuckinmyhead.Lastweekend,Ivisitedatown___________isknownforitshistoricalsignificance.Imetaguide___________wasveryknowledgeable.Heshowedmethechurch_____________wasbuiltinthe16thcentury.Nearthechurch,Isawasmallcafé,____________wallsaredecoratedwithpaintings.Thisscientist,___________dedicatedhercareertoresearchand_____________workhasinspiredmanyscientists,wasawardedtheNobelPrize.Combinetwosentencesintoone.Thehouseisveryold.Theyliveinthehouse.Wevisitedafactory.Itproducessolarpanels.Sheadmirestheauthor.Hisnovelshaveinspiredheralot.Thefirstconcertofthebandwasahugesuccess.Theconcertwasattendedbythousandsoffans.Shelikesthecentralparkverymuch.Therearealotoftreesinthepark.能力提升語法6名詞性從句主語MarieCuriewasascientist.Everyonelookshappy.TounderstandEnglishgrammarrequireshardwork.WhenIwasyoung,swimmingwasmyfavoritesport.主語從句由連接詞如that,whether,if,what,who,how,when,where,why等引導Whether/Ifwewillgoonatripthissummerisnotdecidedyet.Whathesaidmademehappy.WhomImetyesterdayismybrother.Whenhewasbornisstillunclear.Whyhewasnothappyisveryhardtounderstand.Howhemadesomuchmoneywasamystery.Thatheknowssomuchaboutitissoamazing.[對比]Itisamazingthatheknowssomuchaboutit.賓語MarieCuriestudiedphysicsandchemistry.Ienjoydancing./Theywanttostartanewproject.Ifoundherveryclever./Myparentsdon’tletmestayuplate.Iboughthimabook./Hesentmeapresent.賓語從句常由that,whether,if以及疑問詞如what,who,when,where,how,why等引導Shedoesn'tknowif/whetherhewillcome.Wewillneverknowwhyheleftus.Idon’tknowwhathelikes.Iwonderwhocalledusyesterday.Hesaid(that)theteamhadwonthegame.ExercisesIcan’tunderstand____________hemadesuchadecision.IlikethissongbutIdon’tknow_____________youwilllikeit.____________causedtheaccidentisstillunknown.____________theearthgoesaroundthesunisawell-knownfact.Heaskedme_______________myfavoritebookwas.表語Heisadoctor.Theskylooksblue.Heseemshappy.Thekeysareonthetable.Mygoalistofinishthemarathon.Hishobbyisgardening.表語從句通常由that引導，有時也可以使用疑問詞，如what,who,whether/if,when,where,how,whyThatiswhyIdon’tlikehisbook.Hermainconcerniswhethertheprojectwillbecompletedontime.Thequestionremainshowwecanimproveourefficiency.同位語MyfriendSteveisagreatmusician.Thenovel"ToKillaMockingbird"isaclassic.Hishobby,collectingstamps,isquiteinteresting.SheisJ.K.Rowling,thefamouswriter.同位語從句補充或解釋緊鄰的名詞,緊跟在一個名詞之后，通常由"that"引導。Theideathattheworldisflatisnowconsideredabsurd.Weheardthenewsthattherehadbeenanaccident.ExercisesFillintheblanks.Theproblemis___________wedon’thaveenoughdata.Thedebateis__________wecanchangethingseffectively.Thenews___________ourteamhaswonthegameisexciting.Theissueis_________theycandelivertheproductsbyFriday.Thebelief_________hardworkalwayspaysoffiswidelyaccepted.Pleasewriteaboutapersoninatleast8sentences.要求：至少用兩個定語從句，兩個名詞性從句能力提升語法7狀語從句+虛擬語氣條件狀語從句ifIfitrainstomorrow,wewillcancelthepicnic.unless(ifnot)Hewon’tlistenunlessyoushoutathim.aslongas(充分條件或保證)Youcanborrowmycaraslongasyoureturnittomorrow.時間狀語從句whenIwasreadingabookwhenthephonerang.

whileHewaslisteningtomusicwhileshewasdoingherhomework.[其他]WhileIlikehim,Idon’ttrusthim.beforeHehadfinishedhisworkbeforeIcamehome.Youmustfinishyourhomeworkbeforeyoucanplaygames.afterHewenttobedafterhehadwatchedTV.assoonasHecalledmeassoonashearrived.untilHewaiteduntilshecameback.sinceHehaslivedheresincehewasborn.asAshewaswalking,hesawabird.地點狀語從句地點或地點關系where,wherever,anywhereIwillfollowyouwherever/anywhereyougo.Heliveswherethereisalake.IwillgowhereIcanstudyalone.[對比]I’llgotoaplacewhereIcanstudyalone.原因狀語從句because,as,sinceShewaslatebecauseshemissedthebus.Sinceyouarehere,youmightaswellstay.AsIenjoyedlisteningtomusic,Imajoredinmusicincollege.目的狀語從句sothat,inorderthatIgotupearlyinorderthat/sothatIcouldcatchthebus.結果狀語從句sothat,so…that,such…thatShegotupearly,sothatshecaughtthebus.Hewassotiredthathefellasleeponthesofa.Hewalkedsofastthathearrivedearly.Itwassuchabeautifuldaythatwedecidedtogoforapicnic.讓步狀語從句though,although,evenif,eventhough,nomatterThoughheisrich,heisnothappy.Althoughhedidn’tstudyveryhard,hepassedtheexam.Sheloveshimevenifhedoesn’tloveher.Eventhoughhedidn’tsingverywell,hebecameasinger.Nomatterhowhardyoutry,youcould/mightfail.方式狀語從句as,asif,asthoughDoasItellyou.Hescreamedasthoughhewascrazy.Hetalksasifhekneweverythin