（建筑工程管理）建筑字

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2020年4月

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ARCHITECTURAL&STRUCTURAL

EVERYDAYVOCABULARYSCHEDULE

建筑及結構常用詞匯表

中國天辰化學工程公司

TABLEOFCONTENTS

目錄

瀝青和石棉】

【Timber木材】

l.ARCHITECTURE建筑專業

【MetallicMaterials金屬材料】

a.DESIGNBASIS設計依據

【Non-FerrousMetal有色金屬】

b.DESIGNSTAGE設計階段

[Anti-CorrosionMaterials

c.CLIMATECONDmON氣象條件

防腐蝕材料】

dGENERALROOMNAME

【BuildingHardware建筑五金】

常用房間名稱

【Paint油漆】

e.ROOFING&CEILING

A.OTHERARCHITECTURALTERMS

屋面及天棚

其它建筑術語

fWALL(CLADDING)墻體(外墻板)

【Discipline專業】

g.FLOOR&TRENCH地面及地溝

[ConventionalTerms

A.DOORS.GLASS.

一般通用名詞】

WINDOWS&IRONMONGERY(HAR

【ArchitecturalPhysics建筑物理】

DWARE)

[NameOfProfessionalrole

門、玻璃、窗及五金件

職務名稱】

I.STAIRCASE.

【Drafting制圖】

LANDING&LIFT(ELEVATOR)

23TRUCTURE結構專業

樓梯、休息平臺及電梯

a.LOAD荷載

/BUILDINGMATERIALWORDSAND

b.GROUNDBASEANDFOUNDATIO

PHRASES

N地基及基礎

建筑材料詞匯及短語

cREINFORCEMENTCONCRETESTR

【BricksandTiles磚和瓦】

UCTURE鋼筋混凝土結構

[Lime,SandandStone

dSTEELSTRUCTURE鋼結構

灰、砂和石】

e.DESIGNFORANTISEISMIC

[Cement,MortarandConcrete

抗震設計

水泥、砂漿和混凝土】

AGENERALWORDSFORDESIGN

[FacingAndPlasteringMaterials

設計常用詞匯

飾面及粉刷材料】

[Asphalt(Bitumen)andAsbestos

^.GENERALWORDSFORCONSTRU設計基礎資料basicdatafordesign

CTION施工常用詞匯工藝流程圖processflowchart

工程地質資料

l.ARCHITECTURE建筑專業

engineeringgeologicaldata

設計依據

a.DESIGNBASIS原始資料originaldata

計戈U建議書planningproposals設tHS度scheduleofdesign

設計任務書designorder6.STAGEOFDESIGN設計階段

標準規范standardsandcodes

條件圖informationdrawing

方案scheme,draft基礎設計basicdesign

草圖sketch詳細設計detaildesign

會談紀要summaryofdiscussion詢價圖enquirydrawing

談判negotiation施工圖workingdrawing,

可行性研究feasibilitystudyconstructiondrawing

初步設計preliminarydesign竣工圖asbuiltdrawing

氣象條件

c.CLIMATECONDITION

日照sunshine濕球溫度wetbuIbtemperature

風玫瑰windrose干球溫度drybulbtemperature

主導風向prevailingwinddirection冰凍期frostperiod

最大(平均)風速冰凍線frostline冰凍區frostzone

maximum(mean)windvelocity室外計算溫度

風荷載windloadcalculatingoutdoortemperature

最大(平均)降雨量采暖地區

maximum(mean)rainfallregionwithheatingprovision

雷擊及閃電thunderandlightning不采暖地區

颶風hurricaneregionwithoutheatingprovision

臺風typhoon絕對大氣壓

旋風cycloneabsoluteatmosphericpressure

降雨強度rainfallintensity相對濕度relativehumidity

年降雨量annualrainfall

dGENERALROOMNAME常用房間名稱

辦公室office淋浴間shower

服務用房serviceroom更衣室lockerroom

換班室shiftroom廁所lavatory

休息室restroom(breakroom)門廳lobby

起居室livingroom診室clinic

浴室bathroom工作間workshop

電氣開關室switchroom會計室accountantroom

走廊corridor秘書室secretaryroom

檔案室archive電氣室electricalroom

電梯機房liftmotorroom控制室controlroom

車庫garage工長室f。remanoffice

清潔間deaningroom開關柜室switchgear

會議室（正式）conferenceroom前室antecabinet（Ante.）

會議室meetingroom生產區productionarea

衣柜間wardrobe馬達控制中心Mcc

暖風間H.V.A.Croom多功能用房utilityroom

飯店restaurant化驗室laboratoryroom

餐廳canteen,diningroom經S^managerroom

廚房kitchen披屋（閣樓）penthouse

入口entranceWJZ^guardhouse

接待處receptionarea

eROOFINGANDCEILING屋面及天棚

女兒墻parapet泛水flashing

雨蓬canopy內排水interiordrainage

屋脊roofridge夕卜排水exteri。rdrainage

坡度slope滴水drip

坡跨比pitch屋面排水roofdrainage

分水線water-shed找平層levelingcourse

二氈三油卷材屋面built-uproofing

2layersoffelt&3coatsofbitumastic天棚ceiling

附加油氈一層extraplyoffelt橡條purlin

檐口eave屋面板roofingboard

挑檐overhangingeave天花板ceilingboard

檐溝eavegutter防水層water-proofcourse

平屋面flatroof檢查孑Linspectionhole

坡屋面pitchedroof人孑Lmanhole

雨水管吊頂suspendedceiling,falseceiling

downspout,rainwaterpipe）（R.W.P）檐板（窗簾盒）cornice

匯水面積catchmentarea

墻體（外墻板）

fWALL（CLADDING）

磚墻brickwall抹灰墻renderedwall

砌塊墻blockwall石膏板墻gypsumboard,plasterboard

清水磚墻brickwallwithoutplastering空心磚墻hollowbrickwall

承重墻bearingwall遮陽板sunshade

非承重墻non-bearingwallB日臺balcony

縱墻longitudinalwall伸縮縫expansionjoint

橫墻transversewall沉降縫settlementjoint

夕卜墻external(exterior)wall抗震縫seismicjoint

內墻internal(interior)wall復合夾心板sandwichboard

填充墻fillerwall壓型單板corrugatedsinglesteelplate

防火墻firewall外墻板daddingpanel

窗間墻wallbetweenwindow復合板compositepanel

空心墻cavitywall輕質隔斷light-weightpartition

壓頂coping牛腿bracket

圈梁gird,girt,girth磚煙囪brickchimney

玻璃隔斷glazedwall勒腳(基座)plinth

防潮層damp-proofcourse(D.P.C)

地面及地溝

g.FLOORANDTRENCH

地坪grade預制水磨石地面precastterrazzofIooring

地面和樓面groundandfloor硬木花地面hard-woodparquetflooring

素土夯實rammedearth擱柵joist

爐渣夯實tampedcinder硬木毛地面hard-woodroughflooring

填土filledea代h企口板地面tonguedandgroovedflooring

回填土夯實tampedbackfill防酸地面acid-resistantfloor

墊層beddingcourse,blinding鋼筋混凝土樓板

面層covering,finishreinforcedconcreteslab(R.CSIab)

結合層bonding(binding)course乙烯基地面vinylflooring

找平層levelingcourse水磨石嵌條dividerstripforterrazzo

素水泥漿結合層地面做2%坡floorwith2%slope

neatcementbindingcourse集水溝gully

混凝土地面concretefloor集水口gulley

水泥地面cementfloor排水溝drainagetrench

機器磨平混凝土地面溝蓋板trenchcover

machinetrowelledconcretefloor活動蓋板removablecoverplate

水磨石地面terrazzoflooting集水坑sumppit

馬賽克地面mosaicflooring孔翻邊holeupstand

瓷磚地面ceramictileflooring電纜溝cabletrench

油地氈地面linoleumflooring

h.DOORSfGLASSfWINDOWS&IR

ONMONGERY(HARDWARE)

門、玻璃、窗及五金件

木(鋼)門wooden(steel)door塑鋼窗plasticsteelwindow

鑲板門panelleddoor空腹鋼窗hollowsteelwindow

夾板門plywooddoor固定窗fixedwindow

鋁合金門aluminumalloydoor平開窗side-hungwindow

卷簾門rollershutterdoor推拉窗slidingwindow

彈簧門swingdoor氣窗transom

推拉門slidingdoor上懸窗top-hungwindow

平開門side?hungdoor中懸窗center-pivotedwindow

折疊門foldingdoor下懸窗hopperwindow

旋轉門revoMngdoor活動百葉窗adjustablelouver

玻璃門glazeddoor天窗skylight

密閉門air-Tightdoor老虎窗dormerwindow

保溫門thermalinsulatingdoor密封雙層玻璃sealeddoubleglazing

鍍鋅鐵絲網門鋼筋混凝土過梁

galvanizedsteelwiremeshdoorreinforcedconcretelintel

防火門firedoor鋼筋磚過梁reinforcedbricklintel

（大門上的）小門wicket窗扇casementsash

門框doorframe窗臺windowsill

門扇doorleaf窗臺板windowboard

門洞dooropening窗中梃mullion

結構開洞structuralopening窗橫木mutin

單扇門singledoor窗邊木stile

雙扇門doubledoor壓縫條covermould

疏散門emergencydoor窗簾盒curtainbox

紗門screendoor合頁(較鏈)hinge(butts)

門檻doorsill轉軸pivot

門過梁doorlintel長腳錢鏈parliamenthinge

上冒頭toprail閉門器doorcloser

下冒頭bottomrail地彈簧floordoser

門邊木stile插銷bolt

門模側料sidejumb門鎖doorlock

槽口notch拉手pull

木窗woodenwindow鏈條chain

鋼窗steelwindow門鉤doorhanger

鋁合金窗aluminumalloywindow碰球balllatch

百葉窗（通風為主）窗鉤windowcatch

sun-bind,louver(louver,shutter,blind)暗插銷insertbolt

電動開關器electricopener石英玻璃quartzglass

平板玻璃plateglass吸熱玻璃heatabsorbingglass

夾絲玻璃wireglass磨璃polishedglass

透明玻璃clearglass著色玻璃pigmentedglass

毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃)玻璃瓦glasstile

groundglass(frostedglass)玻璃磚glassblock

防彈玻璃bullet-proofglass有機玻璃organicglass

樓梯、休息平臺及電梯

I.STAIRCASE,LANDING&LIFT(EL

EVATOR)

樓梯stair梯段高度heightofflight

樓梯間staircase防護梯籠protectingcage(safetycage)

疏散梯emergencystair平臺landing(platform)

旋轉梯spiralstair(circularstair)操作平臺operatingplatform

吊車梯craneladder裝卸平臺

直爬梯verticalladderplatformforloading&unloading

踏步step樓梯平臺stairlanding

扇形踏步winder(wheelstep)客梯passengerlift

踏步板tread貨梯goodslift

檔步板riser客/貨兩用梯goods/passengerlift

踏步寬度treadwidth液壓電梯hydrauliclift

防滑條non-slipinsert(strips)自動扶梯escalator

欄桿railing(balustrade)觀光電梯observationelevator

平臺欄桿platformrailing電梯機房liftmortarroom

吊裝孑L欄桿railingaroundmountinghole電梯坑liftpit

扶手handrail電梯井道liftshaft

建筑材料詞匯及短語

/BUILDINGMATERIALWORDSAN?BricksandTiles磚和瓦

DPHRASES

紅磚redbrick馬賽克mosaic

粘土磚claybrick陶?；炷羉eramsiteconcrete

瓷磚glazedbrick(ceramictile)琉璃瓦glazedtile

防火磚firebrick脊瓦ridgetile

空心磚hollowbrick石棉瓦asbestostile(shingle)

面磚facingbrick波形石棉水泥瓦

地板磚flooringtilecorrugatedasbestoscementsheet

缸磚clinkerybrick

?Lime,SandandStone灰、砂和石

石膏gypsum珍珠巖pearlite

大理石marble水磨石terrazzo

漢白玉whitemarble卵石cobble

花崗巖granite礫石gravel

碎石crushedstone粗砂coursesand

毛石rubble中砂mediumsand

蛭石vermiculite細砂finesand

水泥、砂漿和混凝土

?Cement,MortarandConcrete

波特蘭水泥（普通硅酸鹽水泥）而寸堿砂漿alkaline-resistantmortar

Portlandcement瀝青砂漿bituminousmortar

硅酸鹽水泥silicatecement名氏筋灰paperstripmixedlimemortar

火山灰水泥pozzolanacement麻刀灰hempcutlimemortar

白水泥whitecement灰縫mortarjoint

水泥砂漿cementmortar素混凝土plainconcrete

石灰砂漿limemortar鋼筋混凝土reinforcedconcrete

水泥石灰砂漿（混合砂漿）輕質混凝土lightweightconcrete

cement-limemortarZ田石;昆凝土fineaggregateconcrete

保溫砂漿thermalmortar瀝青混凝土asphaltconcrete

防水砂漿water-proofmortar泡沫混凝土foamedconcrete

耐酸砂漿acid-resistantmortar爐渣混凝土cinderconcrete

飾面及粉刷材料

?FacingAndPlasteringMaterials

水刷石graniticplaster噴大白漿兩道

斬彳段石artificialstonesprayedtwicewithwhitewash

刷漿limewash分格抹水泥砂漿

可賽銀caseincementmortarplastersectioned

大白漿whitewash板條抹灰lathandplaster

麻刀灰打底hempcutsandlimeasbase

瀝青和石棉

?Asphalt（Bitumen）andAsbestos

瀝青卷材asphaltfelt瀝青瑪啼脂asphalticmastic

瀝青填料asphaltfiller瀝青麻絲bitumasticoakum

瀝青膠泥asphaltgrout石棉板asbestossheet

冷底子油adhesivebitumenprimer石棉纖維asbestosfiber

?Timber木材

裂縫crack冷杉fir

透裂split棟木oak

環裂shake榴木willow

干縮shrinkage榆木elm

翹曲warping杉木cedar

原木log柚木teak

圓木roundtimber樟木camphorwood

方木squaretimber防腐處理的木材

板材plankpreservative-treatedlumber

木條batten膠合板plywood

板條lath三(五)合板3⑸-plywood

木板board企口板tonguedandgroovedboard

紅松redpine層夾板laminatedplank

白松whitepine膠合層夾木材glue-laminatedlumber

落葉松deciduouspine纖維板fiber-board

云杉spruce竹子bamboo

柏木cypress?Meta11icMateriaIs金屬材料

白楊whitepoplar

樺木birch

黑色金屬ferrousmetal鈦合金titaniumalloy

圓鋼steelbBar不銹鋼stainlesssteel

方鋼squaresteel竹節鋼筋corrugatedsteelbar

扁鋼steelatrap變形鋼筋deformedbar

型與岡steelsection(shape)光圓鋼筋plainroundbar

槽鋼channel鋼板steelplate

角鋼anglesteel薄鋼板thinsteelplate

等邊角鋼equal-legangle低碳鋼lowcarbonsteel

不等邊角鋼unequal-legangle冷彎coldbending

工字鋼I-beam鋼管steelpipe(tube)

寬翼緣工字鋼wideflangel-beam無縫鋼管seamlesssteelpipe

丁(之)字鋼T-bar(Z-bar)焊接鋼管weldedsteelpipe

冷彎薄壁型鋼黑鐵管ironpipe

lightgaugecold-formedsteelshape鍍鋅鋼管galvanizedsteelpipe

熱軋hot-rolled鑄鐵castiron

冷軋cold-rolled生鐵pigiron

冷拉cold-drawn熟鐵wroughtiron

冷壓cold-pressed鍍鋅鐵皮gakanizedsteelsheet

合金鋼alloysteel鍍鋅鐵絲gaIvanizedsteelwire

鋼絲網steelwiremesh鎰鋼managanesesteel

多孔金屬網expandedmetal高弓合金鋼highstrengthalloysteel

?Non-FerrousMetal有色金屬

金gold青銅bronze

白金platinum銀silver

銅copper鋁aluminum

黃銅brass鉛lead

?Anti-CorrosionMaterials防腐蝕

材料

聚乙烯polythene,polyethylene瀝青漆bitumenpaint

尼龍nylon環氧樹脂漆epoxyresinpaint

聚氯乙烯PVC(polyvinylchloride)氧化鋅底漆zincoxideprimer

聚碳酸酯polycarbonate防銹漆anti-rustpaint

聚苯乙烯polystyrene耐酸漆acid-resistantpaint

丙烯酸樹酯acrylicresin耐堿漆alkali?resistantpaint

乙烯基酯vinylester水玻璃sodiumsilicate

橡膠內襯rubberlining樹脂砂漿resin-bondedmortar

氯丁橡膠neoprene環氧樹脂epoxyresin

?BuildingHardware建筑五金

釘子nails螺栓bolt

螺紋屋面專了spiral-threadedroofingnail普通螺栓commercialbolt

環紋石膏板釘高強螺栓highstrengthbolt

annular-ringgypsumboardnail預埋螺栓insertbolt

螺絲screws脹錨螺栓cinchbolt

平頭螺絲flat-headscrew^>twasher

?Paint油漆

底漆primer干性油dryingoil

防銹底漆rust-inhibitiveprimer稀釋劑thinner

防腐漆anti-corrosionpaint焦油tar

調和漆mixedpaint瀝青漆asphaltpaint

無光漆flatpaint桐油tungoil,Chinesewoodoil

透明漆varnish紅丹redlead

銀粉漆aluminumpaint鉛油leadoil

磁漆enamelpaint膩子putty

?Discipline專業

WTHERARCHITECTURALTERMS

其它建筑術語

建筑architecture電氣照明electriclighting

土木civil電訊telecommunication

給排水watersupplyanddrainage儀表instrument

總圖plotplan熱力供應heatpowersupply

采暖通風H.V.A.C(heating、動力mechanicalpower

ventilationandairconditioning)工藝processtechnology

電力供應electricpowersupply管道piping

?ConventionalTerms一般通用名詞

建筑原理architectonics模數制modularsystem

建筑形式architecturalstyle單位造價unitcost

民用建筑civilarchitecture概算preliminaryestimate

城市建筑urbanarchitecture承包商constructor,contractor

農村建筑ruralarchitecture現場site

農業建筑farmbuilding擴建extension

工業建筑industrialbuilding改建reconstruction

重工業的heavyindustrial防火fire-prevention

輕工業的lightindustrial防震aseismatic,quake-proof

古代建筑ancientarchitecture防腐anti-corrosion

現代建筑modernarchitecture防潮dump-proof

標準化建筑standardizedbuUdings防水water?proof

附屬建筑auxiliarybuildings防塵dust-proof

城市規劃cityplanning防銹rust-proof

廠區內withinsite車流量trafficvolume

廠區外offsite貨流量freighttrafficvolume

封閉式dosedtype人流量pedestrianvolume

開敞式opentype透視圖perspectivedrawing

半開敞式semi-opentype建筑模型buildingmodel

?ArchitecturalPhysics建筑物理

R/B月illumination輻射radiation

照度degreeofillumination對流convection

亮度brightness傳導conduction

日照sunshine遮陽sun-shade

天然采光naturallighting保溫thermalinsulation

光強lightintensity恒溫constanttemperature

側光sidelight恒濕constanthumidity

頂光otplight噪音noise

眩光glaze隔音sound-proof

方位角azimuth吸音soundabsorption

露點dewpoint隔汽vapor-proof

職務名稱

?NameOfProfessionalrole

項目經理projectmanager(PM)機械工程師mechanicalengineer

設計經理designmanager計戈工U程師planningengineer

首席建筑師principalarchitect助理工程師assistantengineer

總工程師chiefengineer實習生probationer

土木工程師civilengineer專家specialist,expert

工藝工程師processengineer制圖員draftsman

電氣工程師electricalengineer技術員technician

?Drafting制圖

總說明generalspecification荷載簡圖loaddiagram

工程說明projectspecification流程示意圖flowdiagram

采用標準規范目錄標準圖standarddrawing

listofstandardsandspecificationadopted...布置圖layoutof…

圖紙目錄listofdrawings地形圖topographicalmap

平面圖plan土方工程圖earth-workdrawing

局部放大圖detailwithenlargedscale展開圖developeddrawing

...平面示意圖schematicplanof…模板圖formworkdrawing

...平剖面圖sectionalplanof…酉己筋arrangementofreinforcement

留孔平面圖planofprovisionofholes表格tables

剖面section工程進度表workingschedule

縱剖面longitudinalsection技術經濟指標

*黃剖面cross(transverse)sectiontechnicalandeconomicalindex

立面elevation建、構筑物一覽表

正立面frontelevationlistofbuildingsandstructures

透視圖perspectivedrawing編號coding

側立面sideelevation序列號serialNo.

背立面backelevation彳亍和欄rowsandcolumns

詳圖detaildrawings備注remarks

典型節點typicaldetail等級grade

節點號detailNo.直線straightLine

首頁frontpage曲線curves

圖紙目錄及說明曲折線zigzagline

listofcontentsanddescription虛線dottedline

圖例egend實線solidline

示意圖diagram影線hatchingline

草圖sketch點戈線Udotanddashline

軸線axis磅pound

等高線contourLine噸ton

中心線centerLine力口侖gallon

雙曲線hyperbola千磅kip

拋物線parabola平均尺寸averagedimension

切線atngentLine變尺寸variabledimension

尺寸線dimensionLine外形尺寸overalldimension

園形round展開尺寸developeddimension

環形annular內徑insidediameter

方形square夕卜徑outsidediameter

矩形rectangle凈重netweight

平行四邊形parallelogram毛重grossweight

三角形triangle數量quantity

五角形pentagon百分比percentage

六角形hexagon凈空clearance

八角形octagon凈高headroom

梯形trapezoid；爭品巨cleardistance

圓圈circle凈跨clearspan

弓形sagment截面尺寸sectionaldimension

扇形sector開間bay

球形的spherical進深depth

拋物面paraboloid單跨singlespan

圓錐形cone雙跨doublespan

橢圓形ellipse,oblong多跨multi-span

面積area標高elevation,level

體積volume絕對標高absoluteelevation

容量capacity設計標高designedelevation

重量weight室勺卜地面標高groundelevation

質量mass室內地面標高floorelevation

力force柱網columngrid

米meter坐標coordinate

厘米centimeter廠區占地sitearea

毫米millimeter使用面積usablearea

公頃hectate輔助面積servicearea

牛頓/平方米Newton/squaremeter通道面積passagearea

千克/立方米kilogram/cubicmeter管架piperack

英尺foot管廊pipelinegallery

英寸inch架空管線overheadpipeline

排水溝drainditch滅火器fireextinguisher

集水坑sumppit二氧化碳滅火器

噴泉fountaincarbondioxideextinguisher

地漏floordrain鹵代烷滅火器halonextinguisher

消火栓firehydrant

2.STRUCTURE結構專業a.Load荷載

拔力pullingforce剪力shear,shearingforce

標準值standardvalue剪切破壞shearfailure

殘余應力residualstress剪應變shearstrain

沖擊荷載impactload,punchload剪應力shearstress

殘余變形residualdeflection簡支simplesupport

承壓bearing青爭定結構staticallydeterminatestructure

承載能力bearingcapacity截面模量modulusofsection,

承重bearing,loadbearingsectionmodulus

承重結構bearingstructure靜力staticforce

脆性材料brittlematerial靜力分析staticanalysis

脆性破壞brittlefailure局部壓力localpressure,partialpressure

抵抗力resistingpower,resistance局部壓屈localbulkling

吊車荷載craneload絕對值absolutevalue

分布荷載distributedload均布荷載uniformlydistributedload

風荷載windload抗拔力pullingresistance

風速windvelocity,windspeed抗剪剛度shearrigidity

風壓windpressure抗剪強度

風振windvibrationshearstrength,shearingstrength

浮力buoyance,floatage抗拉強度tensilestrength

符號symbol,mark抗扭torsionresistance

負彎矩抗扭剛度torsiona卜igidity

negativemomenthoggingmoment抗彎bendingresistance

附力口荷載additionalload抗彎剛度bendingrigidity

附加應力additionalstress抗壓強度compressivestrength,

副作用sideeffect,by-effectcompressionstrength

剛度rigidity可靠性reliability

剛度比ratioofrigidity可靠性設計reliabilitydesign

剛度系數rigidityfactor拉力tensileforce

剛接rigidco