Unit1ScienceFiction

Reviewofthepassivevoicereviewthe

verb

inflection

of

passive

voice

in

different

tensesusepassive

voice

appropriately

according

to

specific

situationsLearningObjectivese7d195523061f1c03a90ee8e42cb24248e56383cd534985688F9F494128731F165EE95AB4B0C0A38076AAEA07667B1565C446FC45FF01DFB0E885BCDBDF3A284F3DB14DA61DD97F0BAB2E6C668FB4931B99D40B68E3E163A3A4B4FF9E05F32600ADA91C98B4F08D1B805A2C545E5A028E2D477D6D81307A6D0037F75070707DD2AC68F0968EA62A7Readthesentencescarefullyandpayattentiontotheunderlinedpart.ItwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarry'swife,Claire.Nowshewasbeinglookedafterbyarobotthatlookedsohuman,anditwasdisturbing.Ashewasnotallowed

toaccompanyhertotheshops...Tonyexpectedthatthehouse,whichwasbeingcompletelytransformed,...Thesaleswomantherewasrudetoher,sosherangTonyandtoldhimshewasbeingtreatedbadly.劃線部分都用到了

語態。被動Partone被動語態定義e7d195523061f1c03a90ee8e42cb24248e56383cd534985688F9F494128731F165EE95AB4B0C0A38076AAEA07667B1565C446FC45FF01DFB0E885BCDBDF3A284F3DB14DA61DD97F0BAB2E6C668FB4931E9A796289BAAC00412770D385B06F0DB63D7B50559E58145CCA680AA8E90D6DC673D2B5E436AA2CAC83B1CBDD11021E03F17FC35CB3FF0B2B8C9E9B03B82D466英語有兩種語態：主動語態和被動語態。主動語態表示主語是謂語動作的執行者；被動語態表示主語是謂語動作的承受者，其構成形式：be＋過去分詞。在被動語態中，常在by后跟動作的執行者。

Thedefinitionofthepassivevoice

什么時候使用被動語態？Sugarcaneisgrown

inthesouth.ThesongTheEastisRed

waswrittenbyapoorpeasant(農民).1.不知道或沒必要指出動作的執行者。2.強調動作的承受者。Margaretwasgiven

somebadadviceaboutselectingcourses.3.出于禮貌，不愿意說出動作執行者。4.廣播、廣告、新聞、標題中。SatisfactionGuaranteed/Manwanted.Parttwo被動語態的形式各個時態的被動語態構成(下表中以動詞do為例)時態主動語態被動語態一般現在時do/does一般過去時did一般將來時willdoam/is/aregoingtodo現在進行時am/is/aredoing過去進行時was/weredoing過去將來時woulddo現在完成時have/hasdone過去完成時haddone將來完成時will/shallhavedoneam/is/aredonewas/weredonewillbedoneam/is/aregoingtobedoneam/is/arebeingdonewouldbedonewas/werebeingdonehave/hasbeendonehadbeendonewill/shallhavebeendone（2022·全國I卷）Afterathree-yearpilotperiod,theGPNPwillbeofficiallysetupnextyear.TheGPNP____________(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(資產)forfuturegenerations”句意：在三年的試驗期后，GPNP將在明年被正式建立起來。GPNP旨在體現“保護自然生態系統的真實性和完整性，維護生物多樣性，保護生態緩沖區，為子孫后代留下寶貴的自然資產”的指導原則。分析句子可知，設空處在句中作謂語，和句子的主語TheGPNP之間為被動關系；敘述客觀事實，應用一般現在時。故design應用一般現在時的被動語態結構，主語為單數形式，謂語也要用第三人稱單數形式。故填isdesigned。isdesigned（2017·天津）Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,___________(regard)asoneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.（2023·天津）Thewoodentowerthat________________

(restore)willbeopentotouristssoon,andtheworkisalmostfinished.（2021·天津）Currently,about35,000works_______________(display)inover300roomsintheLouvre,anditwouldtakealifetimetoseeeverything.（2021全國甲卷）It

(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangDynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復).isregardedisbeingrestoredarebeingdisplayedwasbuiltalongwith連接的三個動名詞做主語，謂語動詞就遠原則

Itsohappenedthatmymobilephone

(repair)whenyoucalledmeyesterday.Wewenttothesupermarkettodosomeshopping.onlytobetoldthatit__________________(decorate).Look!Thepolice

(search)thewoodsnowandsurelythethief

(catch)verysoon.Afund

(setup)forhomelesschildreninthreedays.Thesportsmeetingthatthestudentsarelookingforwardto__________________________(hold)thedayaftertomorrow.wasbeingrepairedaresearchingwillbecaughtwillbesetupwillbeheld/isgoingtobeheldwasbeingdecorated（2020·全國III卷）Theartistwassurehewould__________(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldnanlaughed.Inthepasttwentyyears,alotofancientbuildings___________________(destroy).Uptillnow,nonews_____________(hear)ofthemissingpeopleintheflood.Sofar,allthehomelesspeople_____________(give)foodandshelter.bechosenhavebeendestroyedhasbeenheardhavebeengivenMorethan5,000usedbikes

(collect)sincethetwobrotherssetuptheorganisation.Thissong________________(teach)ontheradiomanytimes,sonowIcansingitverywell.Inthelastfewyears,alotofteachingequipment__________________(produce)inthefactory.havebeencollectedhasbeentaughthasbeenproducedMorethan5,000usedbikes

(collect)sincethetwobrotherssetuptheorganisation.Thissong________________(teach)ontheradiomanytimes,sonowIcansingitverywell.Inthelastfewyears,alotofteachingequipment__________________(produce)inthefactory.havebeencollectedhasbeentaughthasbeenproduced

現在完成時的被動語態常和以下詞或短語連用：already:已經

(多用在肯定句)

yet:已經

(多用在否定句和疑問句)just:剛才

ever:曾經never:從未

before:以前today:今天now:現在

since:從…以來次數

sofar=upto/till/untilnow:到目前為止inrecentdays/weeks/months/years:

在最近幾天/周/月/年

現在完成時的被動語態常和以下詞或短語連用：recently=lately=oflate:最近

(recently有時也用于一般過去時)for+一段時間:表示動作或者狀態持續了多長時間。

句子中不能有具體

的過去時間。

in/over/for/duringthelast/past…:

在過去的多少時間里

Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplan

(carry)outinthepasttwoyears.Johnhadtolethiscarrepairedinagaragebecauseit__________________(damage)seriously.Whentheycameoutofthemall,theydiscoveredthattheirnewcar________________(steal).（2021·天津）Markisagenius.Bythetimehegraduated,he_______________(offer)jobsbyadozencomputercompanies.hadbeencarriedhadbeendamagedhadbeenstolenhadbeenofferedOver2,000words________________(learn)bythestudents

bytheendoflastterm.hadbeenlearnedTworeports_______________(write)byHenrybeforehelefttheoffice.hadbeenwritten過去完成時常和以下時間短語連用：

by/before/bytheendof+過去時間…earlier/before(多少時間前)longbefore(很久以前;老早;早就)一個句子有兩個過去動作時,先發生的動作用過去完成時,后發生的動作用一般過去時。ItisthefirsttimethatI

(invite)toattendsuchameeting.Itwasthefirsttimethatmydaughter_____________(ask)tosinginpublicandshewasabitnervous.hadbeeninvitedhadbeenasked固定句型。“這是某人第…次做某事”Itisthefirst/secondtimethatsbhas/havedonesth.Itwasthefirst/secondtimethatsbhaddonesth.get＋過去分詞,也可以表示被動含義這種結構多用于口語中，強調動作的結果，動作的執行者一般不表示出來。getmarried

結婚getengaged

訂婚getlost

迷路getdrunk

喝醉了getdressed

穿好衣服getcaught/stuck

被困gethurt/wounded

受傷帶情態動詞的被動語態:由“情態動詞+be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構成e.g.Theproblemmay__________inanumberofdifferentways.Inourschool,librarybooksmust__________

intwoweeks.besolved

bereturned

efficientmeasuresmust__________(take)toprotectthewildanimalsfrombeingkilledillegally.Itisstronglyrecommendedthatthedate__________________(advance)bytwodays.Thecommitteeurgedthatameeting________________(hold)bytheweekendtodiscusstheproblem.(should)beadvanced(should)beheldbetaken在一些固定句型中常用被動語態Itissaidthat…Itisreportedthat…Itishopedthat…Itiswellknownthat…Itisbelievedthat…Itmustbepointedoutthat…據說…據報道…人們希望…眾所周知…人們相信…必須指出的是…Partthree被動語態的特殊情況接雙賓語的動詞變被動語態

例：He

gave

her

some

money.

She

was

given

some

money.

Some

money

was

given

to

her.帶有雙賓語的主動句，變被動句時，一般把“人”提前作主語；將“物”提前則要在“人”的前面加to

或for。bringhand,pass,offer,lend,read,send,show,teach,write等雙賓語易位時需借助介詞to的常用動詞buy,cook,choose,make,prepare，sing，pick(采摘)fetch（取來，拿來）,spare(留出，抽出，勻出)雙賓語易位時需借助介詞for的常用動詞練習：變為被動語態Myfatheristellingmeaninterestingstorynow.→Aninterestingstory___________________bymyfathernow.→I________________aninterestingstorybymyfathernow.isbeingtoldtomeambeingtold

Mymotherwillbuymeacoatnextweek.→

I_________________________________nextweek.→

Acoat____________________________________nextweek.willbebought

forme(bymymother)willbeboughtacoat(bymymother)接復合結構的動詞變被動語態當動詞后有復合賓語(賓語+賓補)，應將賓語變為被動句的主語，而賓語補足語保留不動(此時賓語補足語變為主語補足語)。Weelectedhimourmonitor.Hewaselectedourmonitorbyus.我們選他當我們的班長。練習：變為被動語態Thepolicecaughtthethiefstealing.→Thethiefwascaughtstealing.Wesawhimsittingtherewithoutdoinganything.→Hewasseensittingtherewithoutdoinganything.Hiswordsmademethrowup.→Iwasmadetothrowupbyhiswords.他的話令我作嘔。注意：make,let,see,watch，hear，notice等詞在主動句中動詞不帶to,但在被動句中要帶toPartfour主動表被動當系動詞feel，smell,sound，look,taste,prove等后接形容詞作表語，用主動形式表示被動意義。Theflowerssmellsweet.Thefoodtastesgood.Translate.﹡這首歌聽起來真不錯。﹡這件衣服摸起來真滑。﹡他的話證明是對的。Thesongsoundsgreat.Theclothesfeelssmooth.Whathesays

provesright.表示主語的某種屬性特征或功能的動詞，如read，write，sell，wash，clean，cook，draw等，常與well，easily，smoothly等副詞連用，常用其主動形式表達被動意義，主語通常是物。Thepenwritessmoothly.Theplayreadsmoreeasilythanacts.Translate.﹡這件大衣很容易干。﹡這支蠟燭燃燒得很快。﹡這扇門鎖得很緊。Thiscoatdrieseasily.Thiscandle

burnsfast.Thisdoor

lockstightly.在need,want,require,deserve等詞后用動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，也可用不定式的被動形式。Thematterneedslookinginto.→Thematterneeds________________.need/require/deserve/wantdoing=need/require/deserve/wanttobedonetobelookedintoopen，close，lock，move，keep等動詞常與won’t，can’t，wouldn’t連用。Nomatterwhathedidtothedoor，itwouldn’topen.不論他怎么對付這個門，它就是打不開。beworth后接動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。Hissuggestionisnotworthconsidering.→Hissuggestionisnot______________________.→Hissuggestionisnot________________________.beworthdoing=beworthytobedone=beworthyofbeingdoneworthytobeconsideredworthyofbeingconsidered不定式用主動表被動的幾種形式①不定式tolet(出租)、toblame用作表語時Thehouseistolet.此屋出租。Nobodywastoblamefortheaccident.這次事故，不能責怪任何人。②在“too...to...”和enoughto結構中Theboxwastooheavytolift.箱子太重，提不起來。Istheriverdeepenoughtoswimin這條河里的水深足夠游泳嗎？③在某些“be＋形容詞＋todo”結構中Thequestionisverydifficulttoanswer.這個問題很難回答。Thewaterinthewellisn'tfittodrink.這口井里的水不適合飲用。[溫馨提示]這類形容詞主要有hard、easy、funny、fit、important、impossible、strange、difficult等。不定式用主動表被動的幾種形式④在havesthtodo結構中Obviouslyyouhavenothingtodotonight.很明顯你今晚沒什么事做。(todo是由you發出的)[溫馨提示]在havesthtodo結構中，不定式既與前面的sth構成邏輯上的動賓關系，又與句子主語構成邏輯上的主謂關系。⑤在withsthtodo結構中Withalotofworktodo,Tomcan'tgoouttoplay.有許多工作要做，湯姆不能出去玩了。不定式用主動表被動的幾種形式Partfive無被動語態的情況1.某些及物動詞和動詞短語無被動語態：have有；cost花費；lack缺少；suit適合；belongto屬于；sufferfrom遭受；datefrom/backto追溯到；consistof由…組成；takepartin參加。IboughtabookfromXinhuabookshop，whichcost15yuan.我從新華書店買了一本書，花了15元。Lionsandtigersbelongtothecatfamily.獅子和老虎屬于貓科。2.不及物動詞(短語)不能用于被動語態。常見的有：happen/takeplace/occur發生；remain剩下；breakout爆發；last持續；comeout出版；comeup被提出；loseheart失去信心；runout用完。Anaccidenthappenedontheroadlastnightandfivepeoplewerekilled.昨晚這條路上發生了一起意外事故，五個人遇難。Abigfirebrokeoutinthearealastweek.上周那個地區發生了一場大火。Thislistoffactorsneeds____________________(adapt)dependingonthedecisionyou’remaking.Ifathingisworthyof___________(do),itisworth

_______(do)well.Thisbook________(read)moreeas