隧道施工技術噴射混凝土支護TunnelConstructionTechnologyShotcreteSupport噴射混凝土的特點1噴射混凝土的作用2噴射混凝土支護目錄課程小結4噴射混凝土的工藝種類及特點2TableofContentsShotcreteSupportCharacteristicsofShotcreteFunctionsofShotcreteProcessTypesandCharacteristicsofShotcreteSummary.案例導入混凝土噴射施工這層結構有怎樣的特點？它對圍巖產生怎樣的一種作用呢？Whatarethecharacteristicsofthestructure?Whatisitseffectonthesurroundingrocks?CaseIntroductionConcretespraying噴射混凝土的特點CharacteristicsofShotcrete01噴射混凝土支護噴射混凝土的特點ShotcreteSupport強度增長快Rapidstrengthincrease粘結力強Strongadhesion密度大Highdensity抗滲性好GoodimpermeabilityCharacteristicsofShotcrete噴射混凝土支護噴射混凝土的特點ShotcreteSupportCharacteristicsofShotcrete輸送Conveying澆注Pouring搗固一體化Tampingintegration噴射混凝土支護噴射混凝土的特點ShotcreteSupportCharacteristicsofShotcrete10min左右終凝

Finalsettinginabout10minutes2h后即具有強度

Havestrengthin2h四天達到28d強度的70%左右About70%ofthe28dstrengthinfourdays噴射混凝土的作用02FunctionsofShotcrete

噴射混凝土與圍巖密貼粘結，可以防止圍巖強度惡化，阻止不穩定塊體的塌落，起到“支撐圍巖”的作用。

噴射混凝土支護噴射混凝土的作用ShotcreteSupportFunctionsofShotcrete支撐圍巖SupportingsurroundingrocksCarrierring承載圈

Theshotcretecanbecloselybondedwithsurroundingrocks,whichcanpreventsurroundingrockstrengthfromdeterioratingandpreventunstableblocksfromcollapsing.Thatsupports"surroundingrocks".噴射混凝土能有效控制圍巖在不出現有害變形的前提下，進入一定的塑性，從而使圍巖“卸載”。噴射混凝土支護噴射混凝土的作用ShotcreteSupportFunctionsofShotcrete“卸載”作用"Unloading"function

Shotcretecaneffectivelycontrolsurroundingrocksinenteringacertainplasticstagewithoutharmfuldeformation,whichcan"unload"thesurroundingrocks.噴射混凝土可以填充表面凹穴，使裂隙分割的巖塊層面粘聯，保持巖塊間的咬合、鑲嵌，可以“填平補強圍巖”。噴射混凝土支護噴射混凝土的作用ShotcreteSupportFunctionsofShotcrete填平補強圍巖Fillingandreinforcingsurroundingrocks

Shotcretecanfillthesurfacedepressionsothattherockblocklayersdividedbythefissurearebondedandtheinterlockingandinlaybetweentherockblocksaremaintained,"fillingandreinforcingsurroundingrocks".Bonding粘結Shearing剪切Bonding粘結Shearing剪切噴射混凝土直接粘貼巖面，形成防風化和止水的防護層，并阻止節理裂隙中充填物流失，有“覆蓋圍巖表面”的作用。噴射混凝土支護噴射混凝土的作用ShotcreteSupportFunctionsofShotcrete覆蓋圍巖表面Coveringthesurfaceofsurroundingrocks

Shotcretecanbedirectlypastedontherocksurfacetoformaprotectivelayeragainstweatheringandwaterstop,preventingthelossoffillinginjointfissures,"coveringthesurfaceofsurroundingrocks".Fissurewater裂隙水Moisture潮氣噴射混凝土緊跟掘進及時進行支護，早期強度較高，能及時向圍巖提供抗力，阻止圍巖松動。噴射混凝土支護噴射混凝土的作用ShotcreteSupportFunctionsofShotcrete阻止圍巖松動Preventingsurroundingrocksfromloosening

Shotcreteshallbesupportedintimeaftertunneling,withhighstrengthintheearlystage,whichcanprovideresistancetosurroundingrocksintime,preventingsurroundingrocksfromloosening.噴射混凝土通過噴層把外力傳給錨桿、網架等，使支護結構受力均勻分擔。噴射混凝土支護噴射混凝土的作用ShotcreteSupportFunctionsofShotcrete分配外力Distributingexternalforce

Shotcretecandistributeexternalforcetoanchorrods,grids,etc.throughtheshotcretelayersothatthestressonthesupportingstructurecanbeevenlyshared.噴射混凝土的工藝種類及特點033.ProcessTypesandCharacteristicsofShotcrete噴射混凝土支護噴射混凝土的工藝種類及特點ShotcreteSupportProcessTypesandCharacteristicsofShotcrete噴射混凝土工藝種類ProcessTypesofShotcrete噴射混凝土的工藝流程有干噴、潮噴、濕噴和混合噴四種。Theprocessflowofshotcreteincludesdry

spraying,moisturespraying,wetsprayingandmixedspraying.主要區別是各工藝的投料程序不同，尤其是加水和速凝劑的時機不同。Theymainlydifferinthefeedingproceduresofeachprocess,especiallythetimingofaddingwaterandaccelerator.噴射混凝土支護噴射混凝土的工藝種類及特點ShotcreteSupportProcessTypesandCharacteristicsofShotcrete

按一定比例，將水灰比小于0.25的水泥、沙、石、速凝劑拌和，利用壓縮空氣通過軟管輸送到噴射機噴嘴處，與通過呈霧狀的加水環混合噴射的混凝土施工方法。

Itistomixcement,sand,stoneandacceleratorwithwater-cementratiolessthan0.25inacertainratiotoformconcrete,conveytheconcretetothesprayer'snozzlethroughahosebycompressedair,andsprayconcreteaftermixingitwithvaporificwaterfillingring.

指利用壓縮空氣將具有一定濕度的骨料和水泥拌合物輸送到噴射機噴頭處再加水混合的噴射方法。

Itreferstoasprayingmethodthatconveystheaggregateandcementmixturewithcertainhumiditytothesprayer'snozzlebycompressedairandspraysconcreteaftermixingitwithwater.干噴、潮噴工藝流程干噴Dryspraying潮噴MoisturesprayingProcessFlowofDrySprayingandMoistureSpraying細骨料Fineaggregate粗骨料Coarseaggregate水泥Cement攪拌機Mixer干式噴射機Drysprayer噴頭Nozzle速凝劑Accelerator壓縮空氣Compressedair水Water噴射混凝土支護噴射混凝土的工藝種類及特點ShotcreteSupportProcessTypesandCharacteristicsofShotcrete

按一定比例將水泥、沙、石、細骨料、水及外加劑配合攪拌成混凝土（水灰比約0.5左右），用泵或壓縮空氣輸送到噴嘴處與液體速凝劑混合，借助高壓風（亦可不用）噴射的施工方法。

Itistomixcement,sand,stone,fineaggregate,waterandadditiveinacertainratiotoformconcrete(water-cementratioisabout0.5),conveytheconcretetothenozzlebypumporcompressedairtomixitwiththeliquidacceleratorandspraytheconcretewith(orwithout)high-pressureair.濕噴工藝流程濕噴WetsprayingProcessflowofwetspraying細骨料Fineaggregate粗骨料Coarseaggregate水泥Cement攪拌機Mixer濕式噴射機Wetsprayer噴頭NozzleAccelerator壓縮空氣Compressedair水Water水Water外加劑Additive速凝劑噴射混凝土支護噴射混凝土的工藝種類及特點ShotcreteSupportProcessTypesandCharacteristicsofShotcrete

是將一部分砂加第一次水拌濕，再投入全部水泥強制攪拌造殼；然后加第二次水和減水劑拌和成SEC砂漿；將另一部分砂和石、速凝劑強制攪拌均勻。然后分別用砂漿泵和干式噴射機壓送到混合管混合后噴出。

Itistomixapartofsandwithprimarywaterforwetmixing,putallcementintoitforforcedmixingandshellmaking,addsecondarywaterandwaterreducertomixintoSECmortar,forciblymixtheotherpartofsand,stoneandacceleratorevenly,andconveytheconcreteintothemixingpipebymortarpumpanddrysprayerrespectivelyformixingandspraying.混合噴工藝流程混合噴MixedsprayingProcessflowofmixedspraying一次水Primarywater水泥Cement二次水Secondarywater減水劑Waterreducer砂Sand石Stone攪拌機Mixer攪拌機Mixer砂漿泵Mortarpump干噴機Drysprayer混合管Mixingpipe噴頭NozzleAccelerator速凝劑噴射混凝土支護噴射混凝土的工藝種類及特點ShotcreteSupportProcessTypesandCharacteristicsofShotcrete干噴、潮噴、濕噴和混合噴四種工藝的特點Characteristicsofdryspraying,moisturespraying,wetsprayingandmixedspraying干噴的缺點是產生的粉塵量大，回彈量大，加水是由噴嘴處的閥門控制的，水灰比的控制程度與噴射手操作的熟練程度有關。但使用的機械較簡單，機械清洗和故障處理容易。Fordryspraying,thedisadvantagesarethatitwillgeneratealargeamountofdustandalargeamountofconcreterebound.Thewateradditioniscontrolledbythevalveatthenozzle,andthedegreeofcontrolofthewater-cementratioisrelatedtotheproficiencyofthesprayingoperator.However,asthemachineryusedisrelativelysimple,mechanicalcleaningandtroubleshootingareeasy.潮噴是將骨料預加少量水，使之呈潮濕狀，再加水泥拌和，從而降低上料、拌和和噴射時的粉塵。但大量的水仍是在噴頭處加入和噴出的。Moisturesprayingistopre-addasmallamountofwatertotheaggregatetomakeitwet,andaddcementformixingtoreducedustgeneratedduringfeeding,mixingandspraying.However,alargeamountofwaterisstilladdedandsprayedatthenozzle.噴射混凝土支護噴射混凝土的工藝種類及特點ShotcreteSupportProcessTypesandCharacteristicsofShotcrete干噴、潮噴、濕噴和混合噴四種工藝的特點Characteristicsofdryspraying,moisturespraying,wetsprayingandmixedspraying濕噴混凝土質量容易控制，噴射過程中的粉塵和回彈量很少。但對噴射機械要求較高，機械清洗和故障處理較麻煩。對于噴層較厚的軟巖和滲水隧道，則不易使用濕噴。Forwetspraying,theconcretequalityiseasytocontrol,becauseitwillgenerateasmallamountofdustandconcretereboundduringspraying.However,ithashighrequirementsforsprayer.Mechanicalcleaningandtroubleshootingaremoretroublesome.Forsoftrockandseepagetunnelswiththickspraylayers,wetsprayingisnoteasytouse.混合噴射又稱水泥裹砂造殼噴射法，是將一部分砂加第一次水拌濕，再投入全部水泥強制攪拌造殼；然后加第二次水和減水劑拌和成SEC砂漿；將另一部分砂和石、速凝劑強制攪拌均勻。然后分別用砂漿泵和干式噴射機壓送到混合管混合后噴出。Mixedsprayingisalsoknownasasprayingmethodofsandenvelopedwithcement.Itistomixapartofsandwithprimarywaterforwetmixing,putallcementintoitforforcedmixingandshellmaking,