非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成:to+動(dòng)詞原形（這里的to是不定式符號(hào),自身無詞義）否認(rèn):not+(to+)動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能功能例句說明主語TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus.=ItisnoteasyforustospeakEnglish.作主語用的不定式,經(jīng)常用it作形式主語,而把不定式放在后面,其結(jié)構(gòu)為:It+be+adj.+(for/ofsb.)+動(dòng)詞不定式表語Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.多數(shù)情況下,不定式作表語,可轉(zhuǎn)換為作主語賓語—Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay?—Helikestoplaybasketball.—Helikestoplaybasketball.只能作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語,一般不做介詞的賓語賓補(bǔ)Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役動(dòng)詞后,不定式省略to定語Haveyougotanythingtosay?不定式做定語,要放在所修飾詞的后面狀語I’msorrytotroubleyou.不定式作狀語,其邏輯主語要和句子的主語一致1.todo作主語常用it作形式主語例:TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.→Itisuseful（forus）tolearnEnglishwell.注意:在kind,good,nice,clever等表達(dá)人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后,不用for而用of.2.一些表達(dá)命令,打算或希望的動(dòng)詞后只接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語：wouldlike,like（想要）,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,except等。例:Wouldyouliketooseeafilmthisevening?3.在find,think后跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語時(shí),常用it代替,而將真正的賓語放在句末。例：IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.4.常見的一些不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語Whynotdo……,whydon’tyoudo…,hadbetter(not)do…,wouldraterdo…,could/would/willyouplease(not)do…例:Iwouldratherstayintheroom.5.一些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞用不定式作賓語,但to要省略。一感（fell）、二聽（hear,listento）、三讓（let/make/let）、四看（lookat,see,watch,notice）、五幫助（help）,但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)是必須加上to.例:Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.6.不定式常和疑問詞what,which,when,where,how連用,相稱于一個(gè)賓語從句。動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞的構(gòu)成:動(dòng)詞原形+-ing動(dòng)名詞的句法功能功能例句說明主語Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式賓語動(dòng)詞賓語Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.表達(dá)一般的習(xí)慣或抽象行為或經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作介詞賓語Stampsareusedforsendingletters.表語Hishobbyiscollectingstamps=Collectingstampsishishobby.多數(shù)情況下,動(dòng)名詞作表語可裝換成做主語定語Sheisinthereadingroom.只表白它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等。至置于所修飾詞之前常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語的詞:完畢實(shí)踐值得忙（finish,practice,beworth,bebusy）繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄（keepon,beusedto,giveup）考慮建議不禁想（consider,suggest,can’thelp,feellike）喜歡思念要介意（enjoy,miss,mind）分詞構(gòu)成:動(dòng)詞+-ing動(dòng)詞+-ed分詞的句法功能功能例句說明定語Doyouknowthegirlstandingunderthetree?Pleasehandinyourwrittenexercise.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的詞；過去分詞作定語,其邏輯賓語就是它所修飾的詞。狀語Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.Seenfromthehill,outschoollooksmorebeautiful.Seenfromthehill,outschoollooksmorebeautiful.分詞的邏輯主語是句子的主語表語Thesituationisencouraging.Theboyistoofrightenedtomove.Theboyistoofrightenedtomove.現(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)主語的性質(zhì)、特性；過去分詞表達(dá)某種狀態(tài)（也就是我們常說的人用-ed,物用-ing.）補(bǔ)足語Don’tkeepuswaitingforalongtime.Iheardhimsingingintheclassroom.He’llhavehishaircutafterschool.He’llhavehishaircutafterschool.現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語,被補(bǔ)足的賓語或主語是它的邏輯主語（即積極關(guān)系）；過去分詞作補(bǔ)足語,被補(bǔ)足的賓語或主語是它的邏輯賓語（即被動(dòng)關(guān)系）易混清單動(dòng)詞后接不定式和動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別stoptodosth.停下來去做stopdoingsth.停止做remembertodosth.記住要做某事（動(dòng)作未發(fā)生）rememberdoingsth.記得曾經(jīng)做過某事（動(dòng)作已發(fā)生）forgettodosth.忘掉做某事（動(dòng)作未發(fā)生）Forgetdoingsth.忘掉做過某事（動(dòng)作已發(fā)生）trytodosth.努力去做某事Trydoingsth.試著去做某事goontodosth.做完一件事,接著去做另一件事goondoingsth.繼續(xù)不斷地做某事allowdoingsth.允許做某事allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事regrettodosth.對(duì)要做的事感到遺憾（未做）Regretdoingsth.對(duì)做過的事感到遺憾，后悔（已做）meantodosth.打算,想做某事meandoingsth.意味著做某事二.現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別我們常見的動(dòng)詞有see,watch,notice,hear,feel,have等,它們接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ),表達(dá)已經(jīng)完畢了的經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作；接現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補(bǔ),表達(dá)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行著。例:Iheardhimsingingintheclassroom.(“唱”這個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)Iheardhimsingintheclassroom.(“唱”這個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束)三.Need,require,want做“需要”解時(shí),后加動(dòng)名詞積極式等于加不定式的被動(dòng)式。例：Thewindowneedscleaning.→Thewindowneedstobecleaned.wanttobedone=wantdoingneedtobedone=needdoingrequiretobedone=requiredoing現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別在語態(tài)上,現(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)積極,過去分詞表達(dá)被動(dòng)（修飾人用-ed,修飾物用-ing）。例:thesurprisingnews令人驚訝的消息asurprisedman一個(gè)感到驚訝的人2.在時(shí)間上,現(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,過去分詞表達(dá)已近完畢的動(dòng)作。例:thedevelopingcountry發(fā)展中國(guó)家thedevelopedcountry發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家注意下列“to”是介詞,不是動(dòng)詞不定式。make(a)contribution(s)to為……作奉獻(xiàn)devoteto獻(xiàn)身,致力于……lookforwardto期盼,盼望prefer……to……兩者間更喜歡……beusedto…習(xí)慣…….;適應(yīng)……Grannyoftentellsus______waterinourdailylife.A.saveA.saveB.savingC.tosaveD.savesRichardturnedoffthecomputerafterhehadfinished______theemail.A.writeA.writeB.towriteC.writingD.wroteBeforegoingtotheHistoryMuseum,ourteachertoldus______thepublicrules.A.obeyB.toobeyC.obeyingD.obeyedJames,I’mtootired.Let’sstop______arest.A.havingA.havingB.haveC.tohavingD.tohave—WecanuseQQtochatwithotherontheInternet.—Really?Willyoupleaseshowme______it?A.howtouseB.whattouseC.howcanIuseD.whatcanIuse—Where’syourbrothernow,Bob?—Isawhim______inthestreetamomentagoandItoldhim______.A.playing;don’tdosoB.playing;notdosoC.play;todoso—Hi,Steve!Ourteacherstoldus______anelectricbike.It’stoodangerous.I’msorry.Iwon’tdoitagain.A.torideA.torideB.notrideC.nottorideAsteenagers,we’reoldenough______withhousework.Wecanhelpsetthetable,washthedishesandcleanourownrooms.A.tohelpA.tohelpB.helpingC.helped—Marydancesbestinourschool.Iagree.I’llneverforget______herdanceforthefirsttime.A.seeingA.seeingB.toseeC.seeD.seenChineseathletesdidagreatjobintheWinterOlympicsinCanada.Itcanencouragepost-90s(90后)________.A.workhardA.workhardB.workedharderC.workingharderD.toworkhardDon’tforget____anumbrella_____you.It’sgoingtorain.A.totake;toA.totake;toB.taking;toC.totake;withD.taking;withNancyisreallyahard–workingstudent.Weoftenseeher______booksintheclassroom.A.readA.readB.toreadC.reads—Areyougoingtotheparty______atSmith’shomethisevening?IwillifIamfree.A.holdingB.heldC.toholdD.tobeheldMrs.Smithmadeherstudents______thecompositionsthreetimesaweek.A.writeA.writeB.towriteC.writtenD.writingDannydidallkindsofthingstomakethebaby______.A.tostopcryingA.tostopcryingB.stopcryingC.tostoptocryD.stoptocryWehavetworooms_____,butIcan’tdecide______.A.tolive;tochoosewhichoneB.lived;choosewhichoneC.tolivedin;whichonetochoseD.live;whichoneTheteachertoldthestudents______anyfoodintothecomputerroom.A.nottobringB.notbringC.don’tbringD.bringnotAtleast300millionpeopleareusingQQ______byMaHuatengtochatonline.A.creatB.createsC.creatingD.createdTheteacheraskedBen______adifficultquestioninclass.A.answerB.answeringC.toanswerD.answeredYou’dbetter______toomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.A.don’tspendA.don’tspendB.nottospendC.tonotspendD.notspendMoreandmoreyoungpeoplearetryingtodosomething______theold.A.servedB.toserveC.serveD.serves22.—IsJackinthelibrary?—Maybe.Isawhim_____outwithsomebooksjustnow.A.goingA.goingB.goC.togoD.went23—Dad,whyshouldIstop______computergames?Foryourhealth,myboy,I’mafraidyou_______.A.toplay;mustB.playing;havetoC.toplay;canD.playing;may24.—HaveyouseentheTVplayMyUglyMother?—Yes,it’swellworth______.It’s______movingthatI’veseenittwice.A.seeing;tooA.seeing;tooB.tosee;enoughC.seeing;soD.tosee;such25.Whynot______yourteacherforhelpwhenyoucan’tfinish______itbyyourself?A.ask;writeA.ask;writeB.toask;writingC.ask;writingD.asking;writing26.Ifpeople_____cuttingdowntheforest,theywillhavenowhere________.A.keep;toliveinA.keep;toliveinB.willkeep;toliveinC.keep;toliveD.willkeep;tolive27.Hisparentsoftenencouragehim______hard.A.workA.workB.workingC.toworkD.works28.LastweekImetmyoldfriendLiMingbutIforgot_______himforhistelephonenumber.A.askA.askB.askingC.andaskD.toask29.LastweekendIwenttothelibrary_______somebooksonhowtoprotectenvironment.A.toborrowA.toborrowB.borrowC.borrowedD.borrowing30.—Howdoyoufeelwhenyouwatchthenationalflaggoup?—Itmakesme______veryproud.A.feltB.tofeelC.feelingD.feel31.Theboypromised_______lateforschoolagain.A.tonotbeA.tonotbeB.nottobeC.notbeingD.beingnot32.It’sverynice______picturesforme.A.ofyoudodrawA.ofyoudodrawB.foryoutodrawC.foryoudrawingD.ofyoudrawing33.Chinawillspendabout52billionyuan______newairportsand______oldonesinthewestofChinainthe11thFive–YearPlanperiod.(時(shí)期)A.repairing;buildingA.repairing;buildingB.tobuild;repairC.building;repairingD.torepair;build34.Therearesomanykindsofpenshere.Ican’tdecide______.A.whentochooseA.whentochooseB.tocho