EN13201-4:2003(E)ContentspageForeword31Scope42Normativereferences43Photometricmeasurements44Measurementconditions44.1Stabilizationafterswitch-on44.2Climaticconditions44.3Extraneouslightandobstructionoflight54.4Measurementstakenfromamovingvehicle55Non-photometricmeasurements55.1General55.2Geometricdata55.3Electrictensionofsupply65.4Temperature65.5Instruments66Locationofgridpointsandobserver67Measurementofilluminance67.1General67.2Heightandorientationofthephotometerhead77.3Measurementgrid78Measurementofluminance79Testreport8AnnexA(informative)Exampleoftestreportformat9A.1Generaltestinformation9A.2Geometricaldata9A.3Roadsurfacedata9A.4Lampandluminairedata10A.5Electricitysupply10A.6Environmentalconditions10A.7Conditionofinstallation11A.8Measuringinstruments11A.9Measurementgrid12A.10Lightmonitoringrecord13A.11Measurementsfromamovingvehicle13Bibliography14ForewordIntroductionThepurposeofthispartofthisEuropeanstandardistoestablishconventionsandproceduresforlightingmeasurementsofroadlightinginstallations,andtogiveadviceontheuseandselectionofluminancemetersandilluminancemeters.TheconventionsforobserverpositionandlocationofmeasurementpointsarethoseadoptedinEN13201-3.However,relaxationfromtheseispermittedwherethemeasurementsareusedformonitoringtheperformanceofaninstallationorotherpurposes.Conditionswhichmayleadtoinaccuraciesareidentifiedandprecautionsaregiventominimizethese.Aformatforthepresentationofthemeasurementsissuggested.1ScopeThispartofthisEuropeanStandardspecifiestheproceduresformakingphotometricandrelatedmeasurementsofroadlightinginstallations.Examplesaregivenoftheformofthetestreport.這局部標準主要是詳細規定制作光度測量的程序和相關的道路燈安裝測量，有報告樣本2Normativereferences參考ThisEuropeanStandardincorporatesbydatedorundatedreference,provisionsfromotherpublications.Thesenormativereferencesarecitedattheappropriateplacesinthetext,andthepublicationsarelistedhereafter.Fordatedreferences,subsequentamendmentstoorrevisionsofanyofthesepublicationsapplytothisEuropeanStandardonlywhenincorporatedinitbyamendmentorrevision.Forundatedreferencesthelatesteditionofthepublicationreferredtoapplies(includingamendments).EN13201-3,Roadlighting—Part3:Calculationofperformance.3PhotometricmeasurementsTheproceduresadoptedshouldbesuitedtothepurposeofthemeasurements.Wherethemeasurementsarerequiredforcomparisonwithcalculatedvaluesthentheutmoststringencywillberequiredtoensurethatavalidcomparisoncanbemade.Wherethemeasurementsarerequiredformonitoringthestateofaninstallationthenitispossiblethatamorelimitedsetofmeasurementsatwidelyspacedlocationswillsuffice.Themainessentialinthiscaseisthatthemeasurementsarecarriedoutinthesamewayeachtimemonitoringiscarriedout.Inothercasesspotchecksmaybesufficient.4Measurementconditions測試狀態4.1Stabilizationafterswitch-on點亮后的穩定性Dischargelampsrequireaperiodoftimefortheirlightoutputtostabilize.Llluminancemeasurementsatthesamelocationorlocationsshallbetakenatregulartimeintervalstoensurethatstabilityhasbeenreached,beforedefinitivelightmeasurementsoftheinstallationaremade.Toensurethatstabilityismaintainedduringtheperiodofmeasurement,monitoringreadingsshallbetaken(seeA.10).燈要一段時間后，放出的光才會穩定。在最終的安裝前，亮度的測量要在同一個地方或地點要每隔一段時間測量一次，來確定穩定狀態是否已到達。為確保穩定狀態在測量時間內的持續，監控是必要的(參考A10)4.2Climaticconditions氣候條件Theclimaticconditionsshouldbesuchasnottoaffectthemeasurementssignificantly,unlessthisisintended.Highorlowtemperaturesmayaffectthelightoutputofthermallysensitivelampsortheaccuracyofthelightmeasuringinstruments.Condensationofmoistureonlighttransmittingsurfacesofmeasuringinstrumentsorontheirelectriccircuitsmayaffecttheiraccuracy.Highwindspeedsmaymaketheluminairesoscillateormakethemeasuringinstrumentsvibrate.Theymayalsolowerthetemperatureofthermallysensitivelampstherebyaffectingtheirlightoutput.Evenaslightdampnessoftheroadsurfacemaysignificantlyaffecttheluminanceoftheroadsurface.Thelighttransmissionoftheatmospherewillaffectthelightreachingthesurfacetobemeasured,andinthecaseofluminancemeasurementsthelightreachingtheluminancemeterfromthesurfacetobemeasured.氣候條件不應該是影響測量的重要因素，除非是有意的。上下溫可能會影響對熱量比擬敏感的燈的光的放射和光測量設備的準確性，測量設備光傳輸外表或電路的濕度會影響到設備的準確性。高風速會讓燈抖動或讓測量設備震動。也可能降低燈的溫度，影響光的輸出，甚至路面細微的潮濕也會強烈的影響到路面的亮度。光在空中的傳輸也會影響到地面光的到達，從而影響測量指定水平面上亮度的測量。4.3Extraneouslightandobstructionoflight干擾光和障礙物Whenmeasurementsareintendedtorecordthelightingperformanceoftheroadlightinginstallationonly,directorreflectedlightfromthesurroundsshouldbepreventedoraccountedfor.Actiontakentodothisshouldberecordedinthereportonthemeasurements(seeA.7).NOTELightfromthesurroundscanincludelightfromshopwindows,advertisingsigns,roadsignals,lightsonvehicles,otherlightinginstallations,skyglow,reflectionsfromsnowattheroadside,etc.Thislightingcansometimesbeprevented,maskedorswitchedoff,orsometimesacorrectioncanbemadewhichisbasedonseparatemeasurementstakenwiththeroadlightinginstallationswitchedoff.Acorrectionforskyglowdependsonthecloudinessnotbeingvariable.如果僅僅是測量路燈安裝后的效果，需要考慮阻止或計算直接的或環境的反射光〔看A7〕。這些措施要寫在報告里。請注意，環境周圍的光包括：商店，廣告牌，信號燈，車燈，其他的燈，天空的光，雪和路面的反射光等。這些光有時可以阻止，遮擋或關閉，有時可以通過方法修正，天空的光的修正取決于陰暗程度是不可變的。Whenmeasurementsareintendedtorecordtheunobstructedlightfromtheinstallation,measurementareasshouldbeselectedwhicharefreeofobstructionsthatmayproduceshadows.Thesemayincludetrees,parkedcars,orroadfurniture.Thepresenceofobstructionsshouldberecordedinthereportonthemeasurements(seeA.7).當測量是要考慮沒有障礙物，測量地點要選擇沒有陰影的區域。樹，停的車，或道路用具等制造陰影的物體，這些障礙物的出現也要寫在測試報告里4.4Measurementstakenfromamovingvehicle動態測量Thelightperformanceofaninstallationcanbemeasuredfromamovingvehicle.Themaindifferencesbetweendynamicandstaticmeasurementsare:可靜態和動態測量區別：_thenumberofmeasurementpointsisgreaterinthecaseofdynamicmeasurements:，動態測量的測量點數量要多一些_therequirementsinEN13201-3forobserverpositionandlocationofgridpointsmaybemoredifficultorimpossibletomeetinthecaseofdynamicmeasurements.動態測量觀測位置和測量點要難些，甚至很難滿足Toproduceusefulandreliableresultsadynamicmeasurementsystemshall:為了提供有效的測試結果，動態測試需要滿足：a)foreverymeasurementpoint,beabletolinkthepositionofthephotometricheadintermsofheight,andtransverseandlongitudinaldistancesorcoordinatestoadatumsuchasthekerb;每個測量點，需確定光度計的高度，橫距和眾距，或找個參照物調節，如路邊的石頭。b)minimizeanyeffects,suchasvehicleshadow,lightreflection,andelectronicnoise,thevehiclemayhaveonthedetectorreadings;最小化干擾，如交通工具的陰影，反射光，電子噪音c)beequippedwithphotometricheadsconformingtotherequirementsspecifiedinclauses7and8.MeasurementsfromamovingvehicleshouldincludetheinformationlistedinA.11.確保光度計滿足條款7和8的要求動態測量要包括A11中的信息。5Non-photometricmeasurements非光度測量5.1GeneralTheselectionofnon-photometricmeasurementsshouldberelatedtothepurposeofthemeasurements.Wheremeasurementsarerequiredforcomparisonwithcalculatedvalues,detailednon-photometricmeasurementswillberequired.Wherethemeasurementsarerequiredformonitoringthestateofaninstallationthenitispossiblethatlessdetailednon-photometricmeasurementswillsuffice.5.2Geometricdata數據資料On-sitemeasurementsshouldbemadeofthegeometryoftheinstallation.Theseshouldincludemeasurementsinplanoftheinstallation,theheightofthecolumns,andthelengthoftheoutreach.Inadditiontiltinapplicationoftheluminaires,orientationoftheluminaires,androtationoftheluminairesshouldbemeasuredwhenpossibleorwhenthesedatamayberelevantformeetingtheobjectivesofthemeasurement.EN13201-4:2003(E)5.3Electrictensionofsupply供電電壓Atthestartofameasurement,theelectrictensionofthesupply,atasmanylightingcolumnsasisnecessary,shallbemeasured.Duringthemeasurement,theelectrictensionshallbemeasuredcontinuouslyatasignificantpointintheelectricinstallation,andobserved.Arecordingvoltmeterispreferableforthispurpose.測量前，電壓要測，且測量中，電壓測量要持續，應該安裝一個可記錄電壓表來完成測量。5.4TemperatureThetemperatureshallbemeasuredataheightof1,0mabovegroundlevelandrecordedatintervalsof30min.溫度測量在離地面1米，每30分鐘測一次5.5InstrumentsAllinstrumentsshallbecalibrated.NOTETherecanberequirementsforqualityassuranceofinstrumentswhichmayberequestedaspartofatenderorspecification.設備要校準，這可以被TERDER要求提供。6Locationofgridpointsandobserver測量點和測量者Toassesstheagreementbetweenmeasuredandcalculatedvalues,thepositionofthegridpointsatwhichmeasurementsaretakenandthepositionoftheobservershouldagreewiththoseusedforthecalculation.TheselattershouldbeinaccordancewithoneofthosegiveninEN13201-3.Thismayinvolvethetakingofalargenumberofobservations,whichmaybeimpracticablebecauseoftimelimitationsorotherconsiderations.Inthesecircumstances,fewerobservationsmaybetakenbuttherewillbealossofaccuracy.Maximumandminimumvaluesmaybefoundbysearchingratherthanbyrecordingnumerousvaluesoveracloselyspacedgrid.為評估測量值和計算值的一致性，測量點和觀察者的位置要與計算的一致，7Measurementofilluminance照度的測量7.1GeneralIlluminanceshallbemeasuredwithanilluminancemeterwhichhasaperformancesuitableforthepurposeofthemeasurements.Wherethemeasurementsarerequiredformonitoringpurposes,absolutecalibrationoftheilluminancemeterisnotnecessary,butconsiderationshouldbegiventothelongtermageingoftheilluminancemeter.照度應該用適合測量的照度計測量。如果測量是為了監控，照度計的絕對精確不必要，但是要考慮照度計的使用年限。NOTE1GuidanceontheperformanceofilluminancemetersisgiveninCIEPublication53:1982andCIEPublication69:1987.Forthemeasurementofhorizontalandverticalilluminanceaphotometerheadforthemeasurementofplanarilluminanceisrequired.Forsemicylindricalorhemisphericalilluminanceaphotometerheaddesignedforthepurposeisrequired.水平和垂直的照度測量，要求光度計頭平坦。半圓柱和半球形照度測量，需要單獨設計的光度計頭.NOTE2Hemisphericalilluminanceatapointcanbemeasuredbymeansofanilluminancemeterformeasuringplanarilluminancebyadoptingthefollowingprocedure.ThehorizontalilluminanceEhorizontalfromalltheluminairesismeasuredatthepoint.ThecomponentE1ismeasuredfromeachluminaireinturnbydirectingthesurfaceofthephotometerheadsothatitreceiveslightatright-anglestoitssurfacefromtheluminairebeingmeasured,andallotherlightisexcluded.ThehemisphericalilluminanceEhemisphericalisgivenby:某點的半球面照度，可以利用一個測量平面照度的照度計依照以下程序測出。測出所有燈具在該點處的水平照度Ehorizontal。調整光度計探頭的外表的方向，以確保光度計探頭接收從被測燈具發出的垂直于其外表的光線且不接收其他光線，據此依次測出每個燈具作用的E1。半球面照度由下式給出：where:Ekisthecontributionfromthekthluminaire;Ek是第K個光源的奉獻indicatesthesummationofthecontributionsfromthe1sttothenthluminaire.顯示的是從第1個到第N個光源的奉獻總和。Careshouldbetakenthatpersonnelmakingthemeasurementsdonotobscurelightthatwouldotherwisereachthephotometerhead.Forthisreasonitisrecommendedthateitheranilluminancemeterwithphotometerheadattachedtothemeterbymeansofacableoranilluminancemeterwitharemoteholdcablebeused.Cablesshouldbesufficientlylongforobserverstopositionthemselvessothattheydonotobscureanyofthelightthatwouldotherwisereachthephotometerhead.小心測量時不要有暗影影響光度計頭。建議用遙控方式。Theuseofgimbalseasesthetaskofmaintainingthephotometerheadatthecorrectinclinationwithrespecttothevertical.NOTE3Atmosphericabsorptioncansignificantlyreducetheluminousintensityofthelightreachingtheilluminancemeter(see4.2).大氣可影響光強7.2Heightandorientationofthephotometerhead光度計頭的高度和方向。a)Horizontalandhemisphericalilluminance水平和半球形的照度Theplaneofthelightsensitivesurfaceofthephotometerheadshallbehorizontal.Itshouldbepositionedatgroundlevelbutwherethisisnotpossibletheplaneofthelightsensitivesurfaceshallbewithin200mmofgroundlevel,andrecordedinthetestreport.敏感的照度計頭應該要水平放置。要被安裝在地水準平面，如果有困難，要與水平面在200MM內浮動。且在報告中顯示出。b)Semicylindricalandverticalilluminance垂直照度Thecentreofthelightsensitivesurfaceofthephotometerheadshallbepositioned1,5mabovegroundlevel.Thelightsensitivesurfaceofthephotometerheadshallbeverticalandhavethecorrectorientation,typicallyfacinglongitudinally.GuidanceisgiveninEN13201-3.光度計頭安裝在離水平面1.5M的地方，且是垂直放置，方向正確7.3MeasurementgridUnlessanalternativegridisagreedbetweenthepartiesconcernedasbeingsatisfactory,thegridofmeasurementpointsshouldbethatspecifiedinEN13201-3.Thephotometerheadshallbepositionedpreciselyovereachmeasurementpoint.測量點參考第3局部8Measurementofluminance亮度測量Luminanceoftheroadsurfaceshallbemeasuredwithacalibratedluminancemeterwhichhasaperformancesuitableforthepurposeofthemeasurements.測量設備要被校準后測試路面NOTE1Averageilluminanceiscalculatedbyaveragingtheilluminanceatpointsequallyspacedinplanwhereasaverageluminancemeasuredbyasinglereadinggives,ineffect,perspectiveweightingtoeachpoint.Thisshouldnotresultinsignificantdiscrepancy.GuidanceontheperformanceofluminancemetersisgiveninCIEPublication69:1987andCIEPublication53:1982.Formeasurementoftheluminanceatagridpoint,theluminancemetershallbecapableofrestrictingthetotalangleofthemeasurementconeto2minofarcintheverticalplaneand20minofarcinthehorizontalplane.Forthemeasurementofaverageluminancebymeansofasinglereading,themetershallhaveamaskingfacilitybywhichonlylightfromtherelevantareaoftheroadsurfaceisincludedinthemeasurement.Theangleofviewofthemetershallbeat(89±0,5)°tothenormaltotheroadsurface.在某一點上測量亮度時，亮度計要能夠將測量角度控制在縱向2和橫向20度弧度范圍EN13201-4:2003(E)Unlessanalternativegridisagreedasbeingsatisfactory,thegridofmeasurementpointsshallconformwiththatselectedforcalculation.ThepositionsfortheluminancemetershallbethesameasthosegivenfortheobserverinEN13201-3.除非有另外比擬滿意的觀測區域，觀測的點要與已選擇的用于計算的點保持一致。NOTE2ThefieldofcalculationspecifiedinEN13201-3commences60mfromtheobserver.Thismeansthattopreventoverlapofthemeasurementareasasseenthroughaluminancemetersetatthisdistance,theangularsubtenseofthemeasurementconeshouldbesmall,asindicatedabove.Asalessrigorousalternative,aluminancemeterwithalargermeasurementconecanbeusedatacloserdistanceandalowerheight.Itisrecommendedthatthemeasurementconeoftheluminancemetershouldnotexceed30minofarc,andthesizeofthemeasurementareaontheroadshouldnotbegreaterthan0,5mtransverselyand2,5mlongitudinally.第3局部現場計算要從觀察者60米的地方開始。這是為了防止測量區域的重疊，有角度的那條邊要短一些，作為嚴格選擇，有較大的測量的光度計可在較近的距離和較小的高度下使用。光度計的測量弧度不要超過30度，路面測量區域橫向不要超過0.5米，縱向不要超過2.5米。NOTE3Becauseofthevariationoftheroadsurfacereflectingproperties,bothspatiallyandtemporally,therecanbelargedifferencesbetweenmeasuredandcalculatedluminances.Itcan,therefore,beconsideredpreferabletocomparecalculatedilluminancesandmeasuredilluminances.Thishasalsotheadvantageofeliminatingtheneedforluminancemeasurements,whicharedifficulttomakeonsite.由于路的外表反射，在空間和時間上的變化，標準的亮度和測量的亮度有很大的區別，我們可以適當的考慮計算的和標準的亮度取優，這樣可以排除亮度測量的需要，這個是比擬難的NOTE4Ideally,forroadsinthedrycondition,anumberofsamplesoftheroadsurfaceshouldberemovedformeasurementunderlaboratoryconditions.Thisisanexpensiveandlengthyprocedure,whichmaynotbepracticable.Atpresentthereisnogenerallyavailableportableinstrumentfortakingthesemeasurements.Visualinspectioncanindicatethatcertainpartsoftheroaddifferfromtheotherpartsowingtowearandoilydepositsalongthelengthoftheroad.Thesedifferencescanbeeasilyvisiblewithlightcolouredroadsurfaces,suchasconcrete,andshouldbenotedinthereportofthemeasurements(seeA.3).非常理想的做法是，枯燥的路面，取多個樣本在實驗室的環境下測量，但這很貴，而且時間長，可操作性不強，現在還沒有這種便攜式的設備來做測試。由于路面磨損和油面影響，看到的情況是路面的一局部和其他局部不同。這種不同可以由路面燈光光澤很容易的分辨出來如水泥路面，這些不同都要在測試報告中顯示出來。NOTE5Inadvanceoftakingmeasurements,itcanbeconvenienttomarkouttherelevantgridontheroadsurfacewithmarkerswhichallowthemetertobecorrectlyalignedwhentheyareviewedthroughtheviewfinderoftheluminancemeter.Shouldtheyappearinthemeasuringconeoftheluminancemetertheyshouldberemovedbeforeameasurementistaken.在測量之前，可以在路的外表表示出相應的格子，這樣方便光度計準確測量。NOTE6Dampnessorwetnessoftheroadsurfacewillsignificantlyaffectitsluminance(4.2).Atmosphericabsorptionwillreducethelightreachingtheroadsurfaceandthelightfromtheroadsurfacereachingtheluminancemeter.Wherethemeasurementsarerequiredformonitoringpurposes,absolutecalibrationoftheluminancemeterisnotnecessary,butconsiderationshouldbegiventothelongtermageingoftheluminancemeter.Inaddition,theconstraintsonfieldofviewmentionedabovemayberelaxed.路面潮濕會很影響他的亮度，空氣也會減少一些光到達路的外表和路外表的光到達光度計，測量是為了監控的話，完全的精準就不是很必要，但要考慮光度計的壽命問題。上述視覺上的約束會適當放松。9TestreportThetestreportshouldcontainallrelevantinformationgatheredduringthemeasurement.AnnexAisanexampleofaformatforatestreport.A.1Generaltestinformation根本測試信息Nameofsite測試地點Dateoftest測試日期Timeoftest測試時間Namesofpersonnelparticipatingintest測試參與者A.2Geometricaldata幾何數據Sketchoftheroad,andrelevantsurrounds,withdimensionsandpositionsoftheluminaires,wherepossiblesupplementedbyphotographs.路和相關環境的草圖，包括燈具的尺寸和位置，盡可能的有照片Positionofroadfurniture,parkedvehicles,andanyotherobstr