專題十六信息還原題基礎闖關題組Passage1AGoodNight’sSleepWhenthemorningsunlooksinthroughyourbedroomwindow,doyoujumpoutofbed?1Anadequateamountofsleepcanmakethedifferencebetweenagreatdayandaterribleone!

Agoodnight’ssleepdoesn’tjusthappen.Youneedtoprepareforit.2First,gotobedatthesametimeeveryday,andgetupatthesametime.Ifyouhaven’tgottenagoodnight’ssleep,don’toversleepthenextmorning.Getupatyourregulartime.Sleepinglateforjustacoupleofdayscanchangeyourbodyclocktoadifferentcycle.Youdon’twantthatifyouhaveasetdailyschedule.

Also,avoidbigmealsatnight.3Yourstomachworkshardtodigestthosefattyfoods,andthatmaykeepyouup.

Yourbodyproducesachemicalcalledmelatonin(褪黑激素)thathelpsyousleep.Lightaffectstheamountofmelatoninyourbodymakes.4SoatnightturnoffyourTVandputer.Also,don’treadfromabacklitelectronicequipmentlikeaniPad.Somescientiststhinkthatthelightfromthosescreensstopsyourbodyfrommakingmelatonin.Soturnthosescreensoffatleastanhourbeforebedtime.

Maybeyoucan’tsleeporyouwakeupinthemiddleofthenight.5Getupanddosomethingrelaxingelsewhere.Thengobacktobedwhenyoufeelsleepyagain.Ifyouworryalot,makealistofthingsyouneedtodothenextday.Dothatanhourbeforebed.Thatwayyougetyourworriesoutofthewaybeforeyougotobed.

Afteragoodnight’ssleep,you’llbeabletofaceanewday.A.Don’tjustlieinbed.B.Youcanhavethreemealsaday.C.Ordoyourolloverandplain?D.Variousexpertshavegiventipstohelp.E.YourTVandputermightaffectyoursleep.F.Itproducesmoreintheeveningandlessinthedaytime.G.Eatingheavy,richfoodwithintwohoursofbedtimecankeepyouawake.Passage2AttractionoftheMinionsWhenitestofilms,peopleusuallyfavorgoodoverevil,focusontheheroandignorethesupportingcharacters.1

OriginallyedicbackgroundcharactersinthefilmDespicableMe(《卑鄙的我》),theseyellowpillshapednutshavetotallystolentheshowandturnedintoapopularfigure.Thissummerthecharactersdebuted(首次亮相)intheirownselftitledmovieintheatersabroad,havingthesecondbiggestopeningweekendofalltimeforacartoonfilmaccordingtoUSAToday.RecentlyMcDonald’shasbeenincludingMiniontoyswithkids’mealsinsomeareas,causingloyalfanstoflocktotherestauranttocollectthemall.2

Themovie’shugepopularityevensurpriseditswriters.“WeneverknewtheMinionsweregoingtobesopopular.Itjustbecameaforceofnature,”thefilm’scowriterCincoPaultoldtheLosAngelesTimes.3Formany,theappealisobviouslytheircuteness.Theirsimplenaturecaneasilysurpassculturesandagegroups.Evenchildrencandrawthem.ThousandsofexamplesoffanmadeMinionartfromfingernailstoHalloweenclothesarevisibleonglobalsocialmediaplatforms.

Butthere’smoretothephenomenonthanjustcuteness.USentertainmentwebsiteHitFixexplainsthattheirwayofmunicatingmakesthecreaturesinfluentialaswell.4Butitseemseveryonecanunderstandthemthroughtheirexaggerated(夸張的)movementsandexpressions.

Moreimportantly,theirchildlikemannerisabrandofhumorthatwinshearts.“ClumsyfoolishMinionsarerecognizedastheultimateβpersonalities,”wrotePeterDebrugeofUSentertainmentmagazineVariety.Theydesirenothingmorethantoservetheirmostdespicablemaster.5“PerhapsweloveMinionsbecausetheyremindusofourselves,”TheHuffingtonPostassociateWebeditorSaraBoboltzwrote,“oranevilversionofourselves.”

A.SowhatmakesthebananalovingMinionsabighit?B.Besides,theirchildlikemannerentertainsfansmore.C.Andthisevilcharacteristicarousessympathyamonghumans.D.Relatedvideogames,toysandothergoodsaresweepingtheworld.E.Minionsisa2015American3Dputeranimatedfamilyedyfilm.F.ButwhenitestotheMinions,theseconventionsgorightoutthewindow.G.Theylargelyspeakinnonsensewordswiththeoccasionalrecognizabletermslike“potato”.Passage3Anxietyisyourmentalwatchman.Itsfixedpatternistosearchforwhatmaybeabouttogowrong.Itcontinually,andwithoutyourconsciouspermission,scansyourlife,evenwhenyouareasleep,indreamsandnightmares.1Whenitfindsone,itworriesit.

Alongwithdepressionandanger,anxietyisoneofthebadfacesofworries.2Controlledbyanxiety,youwillfeelalackofsecurityandconfidence.Whenanxietyissevereandpained,itcanbeasignofadisorder,suchaspanicorterror.

Althoughanxietyseemstohaveabiologicalbasis,itishabitformingformanyofus.Someofouranxiousfeelingsareinfactwastedenergy.Anxietyhasgottenoutofhandwhenitispointlessandrepeated.Whenyouarefacedwithaproblematwork,beforetakingatest,ormakinganimportantdecision,youwillfeelanxious.Whenyouarecontrolledbyanxiety,youareunabletocontrolyouremotions(情感)tothepointofitchangingyourdailyroutineandhabits.3Oryoufindyouareusuallyanxiousatworkoraroundyourfamily.

4Ifyouareworriedaboutthedangersofyourbrother’snewhobby,skydiving,perhapsyououghttotellhimso.Takingactionmayrelieveyouranxiety.5Bylearningtostopalwaysseekingguarantee,notonlycanyoustarttoundotheautomaticcycleofanxiety,butalsoyoulearnthatyoucanmanagejustfinewithouttheneedforconstantguarantee.Thisinturncreatesasenseofselfconfidenceandselfrespect,whichisvitaltoovereanxiety.

A.Forthesepeople,sayingNOtoothersisoftenofmuchanxiety.B.Itreviewsyourwork,yourlove,yourplay,untilitfindsanimperfection.Cparinganxietywithdepressionhelpstodiscusspossiblecuresforanxiety.D.Thesethreemonemotionsareconsideredthecauseofmostmentalillnesses.E.Ifthatdoesn’twork,thenit’stimetodealwithanyautomaticthoughtsinyourself.F.Ifyouareanxiousaboutthework,youmightgettotheofficeanhourearliereveryday.G.Youfindyourselfwakingupanxious,goingthroughthedayanxiousandgoingtobedanxious.Passage4ParentsandtheYoungItisnaturalthatyoungpeopleareoftenunfortablewhentheyarewiththeirparents.1Theyoftenthinkthattheirparentsareoutoftouchwithmodernways,thattheyaretooseriousandtoostrictwiththeirchildren,andthattheyseldomgivetheirchildrenafreehand.

Itistimethatparentsshouldfinditdifficulttowintheirchildren’strustandtheyalwaysforgethowtheythemselvesfeltwhenyoung.2Itisoneoftheirwaystoshowtheyhavegrownupandthattheycanfaceanydifficultsituation.Adultsworrymoreeasily.Mostofthemplanthingsahead.

Youngpeoplemaketheirparentsangrywiththeirchoicesinclothes,inentertainmentandinmusic.Buttheydonotmeantocauseanytrouble.Itjustshowsthattheyfeelcutofffromtheadult’sworld,andthattheyhavenotyetbeenacceptedintotheirworld.3Andiftheirparentsdonotliketheirmusicorentertainmentorclothesortheirwayofspeech,thiswillmaketheyoungpeopleveryhappy.

Sometimesyouaresoproudofyourselfthatyoudonotwantyourparentstosay“yes”towhatyoudo.4Itisnaturalenough,afterbeingachildforsomanyyears,whenyouwerepletelyunderyourparents’control.

5Ifyourparentsseethatyouhaveahighsenseofresponsibility,theywillgiveyoutherighttodowhatyouwanttodo.

A.Parentsshouldunderstandyoungpeople.B.Youngpeopleliketolivewiththeirparents.C.Youngpeopleliketoactwithoutmuchthinking.D.Theysaythattheirparentsdon’tunderstandthem.E.Allyouwantistobeleftaloneanddowhatyoulike.F.Ifyouplantocontrolyourlife,you’dbetterwinyourparents.G.That’swhyyoungpeoplewanttomakeanewcultureoftheirown.Passage5AccordingtostatisticspublishedbytheUniversityofScranton,about45percentofAmericansusuallymakeNewYear’sresolutions—andthemostpopularresolutionislosingweight.Ofthosewhomakeresolutions,amere8percentachievethem.1Arewejustsettingourselvesupforfailure?Learnhowtomakerealisticresolutionsandhowtooveretheroadblocksalongtheway.

Settingaresolutiontolose15poundsisn’tagoalthat’sachievablenow.Itmaybeagoodlongtermgoal.2RegistereddietitianElisaZiedsays,“...toberealwhenyoumakearesolution.It’sokaytoshootforthestarslikemakingaresolutiontorunamarathon,butwhynotsetasmallergoalandtrainsmartly?”

Thesameconceptappliestoweightloss.3Thesegoalsshouldhelpdevelophealthyhabitsthatwillfinallyhelpachieveyourlongtermresolution.

Noticethatthesegoalsaresimpleandachievable.“Insteadofgoingfromzeroto60,fromnevergoingtothegymtogoingfourtofivetimesaweek,whynotstartwiththreedaysaweek,getconsistentandbuildfromthere?”Ziedsays.“Setyourselfupforsuccessandmapoutyourcoursebymakingappointmentswithyourselftobeactive.4”

Youalsoneedtobeawareofyourcurrentexerciseandeatinghabitstomakeachievablegoals.Keepingadiaryofyourfoodandexercisehabitscanhelp.Recordeverythingyoueatanddrinkforthreetofivedaysandreviewit.5Forexample,ifyounoticeatendencytosnacksonunhealthyfare,setagoaltoeatfruitorvegetableswitheachsnack.Buildingonthesesmallergoalsovertimecanhelpyouachieveyourlongtermgoal.

A.Sowhydosomanyofusfailtoachieveourgoals?B.Onceyounoticeyournotsogoodhabits,startfixingthem.C.Setonetothreeweeklygoalsthatyouwanttoachieve.D.Resolutionsusuallyinvolveamitmenttostickingtoyourgoals.E.However,inordertoreachit,youneedtotakebabystepstogetitdone.F.Ifyoutreatyourgoalslikesettingappointments,you’remorelikelytoachievethem.G.Losingweight,aswellasgettingabetterjob,isamongthemostpopularresolutionsforadults.Passage6LostinthePostHowwouldyoufeeliftheletteryoupennedcarefullyandpostedtoyourfavoritestarendedupintherecyclingbin?That’swhereunopenedfanmailsenttosingerTaylorSwiftwasfoundinNashville.1

Swift’smanagementsaiditwasanaccident,butdealingwithpilesoflettersisaburdenformostpublicfigures.AccordingtotheBBCreporterJonKelly,attheheightofhisfame,JohnnyDeppwassaidtoreceiveupto10,000lettersaweek.2

ThedawnofthedigitalageinwhichpublicfigureswithaTwitteraccountcanbemessageddirectlyhasmadetheprocesseasier.TheWhiteHousesaysitdealswith20,000messagesaddressedtoPresidentBarackObamaeachday.Somecelebritiesdon’twantletters.In2008,BeatlesdrummerRingoStarrsaidthathewouldthrowthemoutbecausehewastoobusy.3RobertPattinson,staroftheTwilightfilms,claimsthathereadstonnesandtonnesoflettersfromfans,whichtakesupalmostallhisfreetime.

Manyartists,however,outsource(外包)thetaskofopening,readingandreplying.Sylvia“Spanky”Taylor,58,hasrunaserviceinCaliforniathatdoesjustthatsince1987.4Mostlettersaresimplydeclarationsofaffectionandadmiration,shesays.Afewaskformoney.Asmallnumbercontainthreatswhichrequirehertocontactthecelebrity’ssecurityteamandlawenforcement.

ThebiggestproblemforTaylorisworkingouthowtodealwiththecorrespondence(通信).Presentssuchassofttoysaresenttolocalhospitals,andmostofthelettersjustgetshreddedandrecycled.5Forsome,thisisenough,accordingtoLynnZubernis,anexpertatWestChesterUniversity.Shesaysthattherelationshipbetweenfanandcelebritymayexistonlyinthemindoftheformerbutitesfromadeeplyrootedhumanneedformunity.

A.Othersdoattempttogetthroughitthemselves.B.Infact,thereisnoalternativetodealwiththeproblem.C.Howcouldhehaveenoughtimetoskimthroughtheselettersonebyone?D.Typically,correspondenceisacknowledgedbyaphotowithaprinted“signature”.E.Accordingly,thecorrespondenceproblemhasbeendifficultfortheputertoautomate.F.Sheandherstaffdealwithupto20,000itemsofmailamonthonbehalfof26celebrities.G.Thisincidenthascausedawidepublicconcernabouthowthepublicfiguresdealwiththelettersormailsfromthefans.Passage7TrampoliningWhat’smorefunthanstandingstill?Jumpingupanddownonaspringypieceoffabric(織物)!Thisactivityisknownastrampoliningandit’ssweepingthenation.Theideaoftrampoliningisancient.Eskimoshavebeenthrowingeachotherintheairforthousandsofyears.Firmenbeganusingalifenettocatchpeoplejumpingfrombuildingsin1887.1AgymnastnamedGeorgeNissanandhiscoachLarryGriswoldmadethefirstmoderntrampolinein1936.Theygottheideabywatchingswingartistsbouncingoffatightnetatthecircus.TheynamedtheirequipmentaftertheSpanishwordtrampolín,whichmeansdivingboard.

2In1942theybeganmakingtrampolinestoselltothepublic.

3Expertsfindthatmorethan100,000peoplehurtthemselveswhileusingoneeachyear.Clubsandgymsuselargesafetynetsorotherequipmenttomakeitsafer.Mosttrampolineinjurieshappenathome.Sincetrampolinesaremoreaffordablethanever,injuriesareevenmoremon.

Theseinjurieshappenformanyreasons.Peoplemaybouncetoohighandlandoffthetrampolineorontothesprings.4Perhapstheworstinjurieshappenwhenuntrainedpeopletrytodoflips(空翻).Landingonyourneckorheadcancauseinjuriesorevenkillyou.

Butdon’tletallthatbadnewskeepyoudown.Therearemanythingsthatyoucandotopracticesafetrampolining.Trampolineshavebeenaroundforawhilenow.Theyhavebroughtalotofjoytomanypeople.Theycanbeagoodsourceofexerciseandactivity.5Buttheycanalsobedeadly.Itisimportanttofollowsomeprofessionalguidance.Besurethatyouarepracticingsafelywhilehavingagoodtime.Happybouncing!

A.Theycanhelppeopleimprovetheirbalanceandmoves.B.Trampolinesmaybefun,buttheycanalsobedangerous.C.Themenwantedtosharetheirideawiththewholeworld.D.Injuriesalsohappenwhenmanypeoplearejumpingatthesametime.E.Youcansurroundyourtrampolinewithanetsothatpeopledon’tfalloffofit.F.Theyfoundawinnerwhentheyperformedapieceofspringacrossasteelframe.G.Andintheearly1900s,circusperformersbeganbouncingoffofnettingtoamuseaudiences.Passage8WhatIThinkofBoxingasaSportBoxingisapopularsport.Newspapers,magazinesandsportsprogrammesonTVfrequentlycoverboxingmatches.Itcouldbethetoughestofallsportstosurvive.Ittakesboxershoursinthegymandyearstodevelopthespecificcharacteristicsneededtobeagreatboxer.1

Itseemstomethatsomepeople,especiallymen,finditappealingbecauseitisanaggressivesport.Whentheywatchaboxingmatch,theycanidentifywiththewinningboxer.Thisgivesthemthefeelingofbeingawinnerthemselves.2Theydothatbecausetheboxeresfromtheirowncountry,andif“their”boxerloses,theyoftenfeelasiftheyhavelostafightthemselves.Itisafactthatmanypeoplehavefeelingsofaggressionfromtimetotime,buttheycannotshowtheiraggressionintheireverydaylives.Watchingaboxingmatchgivesthemawayofexpressingit.

3Althoughboxerswearglovesduringthefights,andamateurboxersevenhavetowearhelmets,akindofstronghardhat,therehavefrequentlybeenaccidentsinbothprofessionalandamateurboxing,sometimeswithdramaticconsequences.Boxershavesufferedfromheadinjuries,and,occasionally,fightershaveevenbeenkilledasaresultofbeingknockedoutinthering.4Theyareusuallyintheformofseriousbraindamage,evenifaboxerhasneverbeenknockedout.

Toconclude,Iampersonallynotatallinfavorofaggressivesportslikeboxing.5Wecancelebratemoremenandwomenfromnonaggressivesportsasourheroesinoursociety.Ibelievethattheworldisaggressiveenoughalready!Ofcourse,peoplelikepetitivesports,andsodoI,butIthinkthathittingotherpeopleinanaggressivewayisnotsomethingthatshouldberegardedasasport.

A.However,boxingcanbeaverydangeroussport.B.Sometimesfansarerootingforaparticularboxer.C.Inboxing,fightersarerequiredtohitamovingtarget.D.Manyfansaredrawntothesportbecausetheylovethepetition.E.Perhapsthatisthereasonwhysuccessfulboxersaretreatedasbigheroes.F.IthinkitwouldbebetteriflesstimewasgiventoaggressivesportsonTV.G.Besides,studieshaveshownthatthereareoftenlongtermeffectsofboxing.Passage9IthadbeenahardweekforJack.Hisparentshadtocancelthefamily’sspringvacationtoDisneyWorld.1Andhestudiedthewrongchapterforhissciencetest.JackpressedtheplaybuttononhisCDplayer.Ashisfavoritesongplayed,Jackthoughtabouttheingweekend.Afterafewminutes,hecalledtohissisterinthenextroom.“Hey,howaboutplayingbasketball?”

2Therightsongcanmakeyousmileandfeellikegettingupanddancing.Itcanalsocalmyoudownwhenyou’reworried.Besideschanginghowyoufeel,musicmayhelpmakeyourbrainworkbetter.

3Itmaybebecausepeople’sbodieshavenaturalrhythms,suchasaheartbeatandpulse.Differentkindsofmusiccanaffectyouindifferentways.Changingyourmoodcanbeaseasyaspressingthe“play”button.

Softmusicwithlong,gentlenotesiswhatmanypeopleplaytorelax.Ifyouwanttorelax,trylisteningtonaturesounds.4Maybejusthearingasinglevoicesoothesyou.AtanexhibitinNewYorkCity,visitorscanliedownonthecity’slargestfutonbed.Theyclosetheireyes,putonheadphones,andlistentosoftmusic,relaxingthemselves.

Musiccandomorethanjusthelpthemrelax.Playingmusicwhilestudyinghelpskeepyourbraininshape.Whenyoulistentoasound,ittravelsfromtheeartothebrainbyelectricalsignalanditinvolveslearning,memory,andemotions.Expertssuggestplayingslowmusictohelpyouconcentratewhileyoustudy.Itmayevenimproveyourmemory.5Forexample,ifyou’rereadingabeautifulpoem,playinglightmusicmayhelpyouunderstanditbetter.

Nomatterwhatstyleofmusicyoulike,youcanuseittohelpyou.Therightmusiccanaddtoagoodmoodorturnaroundabadday.JustaskJack.Afterlisteningtohisfavoritesong,heputhistoughweekbehindhimandplayedagreatgameofbasketballwithhissister.A.Whydoesmusichavethesepowers?B.Itmayhelpmakepeoplehealthyagain.C.Hisbasketballteamlostanimportantgame.D.Whycanmusichelpyoustaylongerinaplace?E.Orlookformusicwithasingleinstrumentyoulike.F.Sotrytomatchthetypeofmusictothetypeoflearning.G.Musiccanbejustwhatyouneedwhenyou’refeelingdown.Passage10DoActionsSpeakLouderthanWords?Oursocietyisfastpaced.Weareallrushingfromoneplacetothenext,blowingourhornatslowdriverswhomaybesingingsongsinthecarwiththeirchildrenorpointingoutsomeinterestingsights.Wedon’thavetimeforthatsillinesstoday.Butwetrytosaytoourselvesthatwewillmaketimeforfuntomorrow.Itistimetotakeafewdeepbreathsandthinkaboutouractionsandourwords.1

Haveyoueverreallythoughtaboutthesaying“Actionsspeaklouderthanwords”?Thinkaboutitnow.Ifyousayonethingandactinanoppositeway,willthewordsbeignoredandjusttheactionsberemembered?Idon’tthinkso.2Itisalsoequallyimportanttousewordstoshowappreciation,love,approvalandhappinessandthenfollowthosewordswithahug,patonthebackorsmile.

3Whataboutthatsaying?True?Yes!Wordscarryalotofweightandwillberememberedforyearsespeciallywhentheyarewrittendown.Meanwordscanhurtforthatmomentandforalifetime.Iamsurethateachofusremembersatimewhenafriendmadeanunkindment.4Let’snotbeamemberofthat“club”.Whenwasthelasttimethatyouhidalovenoteinalunchboxorinyourmate’scoatpocket?Ifyouwanttoseeabrightsmile,thatwilldoit!Thiswrittennotewillberememberedformanydays,evenyears.

“Icanlivefortwomonthsonagoodpliment(夸獎),”saidMarkTwain.Childrengrowstrongerwhentheyfeelappreciatedandunderstood.5Aperfectwaytoturnabaddayaroundistopraiseyourchild.“Inoticedthatyourhairlookedverynicetoday.”“Didyouhangyourcoatupallbyyourself?”Itisamazinghowfastthosefewwordscanchangeachild’soutlook...Almostimmediately.Don’tstopthere...Oneofmysistersendedaphoneconversationwiththreewords—“Iloveyou!”Boy,thatputaspringinmystep!MarkTwainisright.Istillfeelthepositiveeffectofthosethreelittlebutverypowerfulwords.

A.Thepenismorepowerfulthanthesword.B.Isitreallyreasonabletodosomethinglikethat?C.Dotheydisplaytheattitudethatwewanttoconvey?D.Itisimportanttohaveyourwordsmatchyouractions.E.Behaviorisamirrorinwhicheveryoneshowshisimage.F.Thosewordsdidlastingdamagetoyou,therelationshiporboth.G.Don’tbeafraidtoshoweryourchildwithencouragingwordsalldaylong.Passage11ThirdCultureKidsDidyougrowupinoneculture,yourparentscamefromanother,andyouarenowlivinginatotallydifferentone?Ifso,thenyouareathirdculturekid!Theterm“thirdculturekid”(orTCK)wascoinedinthe1960sbyDr.Ruth.ShefirstcameacrossthisphenomenonwhensheresearchedNorthAmericanchildrenlivinginIndia.Caughtbetweentwocultures,theyformtheirveryownidentity.1About90percentofthemhaveauniversitydegree,while40percentpursueapostgraduateordoctordegree.Theyusuallybenefitfromtheirinterculturalexperiences,whichhelpsthemtogrowintosuccessfulacademicsandprofessionals.

2Infactmanyhardshipsmayarisefromthisphenomenon.Athirdculturekidmaynotbeabletoadaptthemselvespletelytotheirnewsurroundingsasexpected.Instead,theymayalwaysremainanoutsiderindifferenthostcultures.Max,forexample,experiencedthisfundamentalfeelingofstrangenessthroughouthislifeasathirdculturekid.3Whilethiscanbeawaytocreateanetworkoffriendsallaroundtheworld,itcanbedifficultforathirdculturekidlikeMaxtomaintainclosefriendshipsandrelationships.

Forathirdculturekid,itisofteneasiertomovetoanewforeigncountrythantoreturntotheir“home”country.AfterlivinginAustraliaandSouthKoreaformanyyears,LouisefinallyreturnedtoTurkeywhenshewasateenager.Butshefeltoutofplacewhenshereturnedtothecountrywhereshewasborn.4Shedidnotsharethesamevaluesasherfriendsevenyearsaftergoingbackhome.

Whileathirdculturekidmustletgoofhis/heridentityasaforeignerwhenhe/shereturns,thehomecountrycanprovetobemore5

Asapartofthegrowing“culture”,TCKsmayfinditagreatchallengeforthemtofeelathomeinmanyplaces.A.Yetbeingathirdculturekidisnotalwayseasy.B.Ingeneral,theyoftenreachexcellentacademicresults.C.Thisoftenmakesithardforthemtoformtheirownidentity.D.However,theirparentscanhelpthemseetheopportunitiesofamobilelifestyle.E.Theirexperienceabroadhelpsthemtogainabetterunderstandingofculturaldifferences.F.Unlikeotherteensofherage,shedidn’tknowanythingaboutcurrentTVshowsorfashiontrends.G.Additionally,makingnewfriendsandsayinggoodbyetooldoneswillatsomepointbeeroutineforathirdculturekid.Passage12TheyJustCan’tHelpItMytheoryisthatthefemalebrainismainlybuiltforempathy—theabilitytounderstandotherpeople,andthatthemalebrainismainlybuiltforbuildingsystems.1Forexample,womenaremorelikelytoreadmagazinesonfashionandparenting,whilemenwillchoosemagazinesthatfeatureputersandsport.

Youmaythinkthatthesepreferencesareinfluencedbythewaypeoplearetaughttobehavewhentheyaregrowingup.However,thisisnotthecase.AnewstudycarriedoutatCambridgeUniversityshowsthatnewborngirlslooklongerataface,andthatnewbornboyslooklongeratamobile.2Ithasalsobeenobservedthatgirlsarebetteratnoticingsignsofchangesinotherpeople’sfeelings.Boys,however,seemtoenjoybuildingtoytowersandplayingwithtoyswhichhaveclearfunctions.3Peoplewhosejobsareintheconstructionindustriesarealmostmale.Mathandengineering,whichrequirehighlevelsofsystemsthinking,arealsomalechosendisciplines.

Whydomenandwomenhavethedifference?Actuallywomenhavefourtimesasmanybrainneurons(神經元)thatconnecttherightandleftpartoftheirbrains.Becauseofit,womenhaveabetterabilitytomultitaskthanmen.4Mentendtofocusonalimitednumberofproblemsatatime.Theywillseparatethemselvesfromproblemsandviewtasksasindependentfromoneanother.

SomepeoplemayworrythatIamsuggestingonegender(性別)isbetterthantheother,butthisisnotthecase.Mytheorysaysthatmalesandfemalesdifferinthekindsofthingsthattheyfindeasy,butthatbothgendershavetheirstrengthsandweaknesses.5Itisnottrue.Thestudysimplylooksatmalesandfemalesastwogroups,andaskswhatdifferencesexistandwhytheyarethere.

A.Generallyspeaking,therearecleardifferences.B.Theirpreferenceforbuildingsystemsmaychangeovertime.C.Youcanseethesamekindofpatternintheadultworkplace.D.Theywillconsidermanysourcesofinformationatthesametime.E.Itisimportanttostressthatthefemalebrainmaybebuiltmoreforempathy.F.Thatsuggestscertaindifferencesbetweenmaleandfemalebrainsarebiological.G.Othersmaythinkthetheorycreatesabeliefofwhataparticulartypeofpersonislike.Passage13RhythmofLifeChoosingtherighttimetosleep,thecorrectmomenttomakedecisions,thebesthourtoeat—andevengotohospital—couldbeyourkeytoperfecthealth.Centuriesaftermandiscoveredtherhythmsoftheplanetsandthecyclesofcrops,scientistshavelearnedthatwealsolivebypreciserhythmsthatgoverneverythingfromourbasicbodilyfunctionstomentalskills.Manisaprisoneroftime.Butit’snotjusttheexpertswhoareswitchingontothewayourbodieswork.1PrinceCharlesconsultsachartwhichtellshimwhenhewillbeathispeakonaphysical,emotionalandintellectuallevel.BoxerFrankBrunoisanotherwhochartshisbiorhythmstoplanforbigfights.

2Sleep,bloodpressure,hormonelevelsandheartbeatallfollowtheirownclocks,whichmaybearonlyslightrelationtoourmanmade24hourcycle.

Researchshowsthatinlaboratoryexperimentswhensocialsignalsand,mostimportantly,lightindicatorssuchasdawnaretakenaway,peoplelosetouchwiththe24hourclockandsleepingpatternschange.Temperatureandheartbeatcycleslengthenandsettleint