押湖南卷第56-60題知識運用之閱讀表達（長沙卷）【題型概述】分析湖南近3年各地市中考英語真題可知,回答問題型閱讀的話題涉及故事類、介紹類、觀點建議類、飲食與健康類、科普知識類、文化風俗類及校園生活類。詞數為200-260詞，一般情況下，每篇文章設5個問題，其中以4個特殊疑問句、1個一般疑問句居多，少量涉及5個特殊疑問句和3個特殊疑問句、2個一般疑問句。【閱讀策略】此類題型不僅要求考生讀懂文章，還要求考生能夠用自己的語言簡要地回答有關問題;既考查考生的閱讀理解能力，也考查考生的英語表達能力和概括能力。另外，對考生的拼寫能力、語法掌握能力也提出了一定的要求,再加上解答這樣的題型幾乎沒有猜題的技巧可言,加大了做題的難度。要想取得較好的成績,好的解題步驟和技巧是非常重要的。本題型答題應注意以下五點:、在答題前，先快速瀏覽短文之后的問題。以便于在閱讀的時候，有意識地留意文中出現的與問題有關的信息。二、認真細讀全文及所給圖表，了解短文及圖表中的細節內容，包括人物、時間、地點、內容、原因、數量、結果及圖片各個要素之間的關系等,即who,when,where,what,why,howmany,how等基本要素信息,并作出不同的標記，以備答題時一目了然，提高答題速度和效率。三、仔細閱讀問題，在理解題意的基礎上，從文中或圖片中提取所需要的信息進行逐一回答，此時一定要注意圖片之間的內在聯系，讀懂圖片以后，再認真組織語言，注意書寫的清晰度與準確性，注意語言表達的邏輯性和嚴密性。四、對于具有歸納與總結性的問題，需要對所給圖文中的信息材料進行甄別與篩選，綜合相關信息進行必要的轉換、歸納和概括。五、對于開放性試題，考生一定要讀懂題意，搞清楚問什么，有幾個問題，防止遺漏。此類試題一般都和文章的話題相關，對于考生來說并不陌生。重要的是要注意回答問題的人稱和時態等。比如問過去的事情用一般過去時，表達自己或他人對某事的觀點用一般現在時;人稱上尤其要注意第三人稱單數形式。要求考生讀完一篇文章后,根據文中相關內容,完成相關的填空題。這種閱讀在形式上靈活多樣,內容上豐富多彩,并聯系實際,強調主觀表述,旨在考查考生綜合運用語言知識的能力,快速獲取信息的能力,也考查考生組織信息和表達信息的能力。PassageA（2023湖南長沙卷）Oneday,agroupoftouristsfromAustraliaclimbedalargerockintheCentralParkofNewYorkCity.Theytookpicturesofoneanotherwiththehigh-risebuildingsinthebackground.Likemanyothertourists,theydidn’trealizethathighinanearbytree,therewassomethingmoreworthyofattention:aneagle-owl(雕鸮)namedFlaco.Earlierthatmonth,thebirdFlacomadehisgreatescape(逃跑)fromtheCentralParkZoo.Thezookeepersthentriedseveraltimestocatchhimbutwereunsuccessful.Heseemedtobeinnohurrytoreturntothezoo.OlgaTorrey,aphotographer,hasbeenphotographinganimalsincityparksfor12years.SinceFlacoescaped,Torreyhaskeptacloseeyeonhim.Shewonderedifhewouldeverreturntothezoo.“Oncehegetsatasteoffreedom,I’mnotsure...”shesaid.Still,eachdayspentoutsideputsFlacoindanger.Hemightaccidentallyhitwindowsandgetinjured(受傷)whileflying.Moreover,theeagle-owllivedhiswholelifeinthezoointhepast.Hemaynotbeusedtofindingfoodonhisown.Andifhemadeamealofarat(耗子),itmightharmhishealth—theratmightcontainpoison(含有毒物).ThezoohashadtheworkerscarefullywatchFlacoallthetime,astheyareworriedabouthissafety.HasFlacoeatenanythingtoday?Hashegotinjuredtoday?Well,anotherdayofwatchinghasnowbegun.21.WheredidFlacoescapefrom?22.WhatisOlgaTorrey’sjob?23.IfFlacomadeamealofarat,whatmighthappentohim?24.WhydothezooworkerskeepwatchingFlacocarefully?25.ShouldwegetFlacobacktothezoo?Whyorwhynot?PassageB（2022湖南長沙卷）MessageNewReplyForwardDeletePrintMovetoDearWang,GreattohearyouarecomingtotheUSA!IdohopeyoucanstopbyandvisitusintheBigApple—apopularnameforNewYorkCity.Therearesomanythingstoseeanddohere.Itwouldtakealifetimetolistthemall:Chinatown,WallStreet,CentralPark,tonameonlyafew.ButknowingyouasIdo,I’dsuggestwalkingthroughMidtownManhattan.ItisverypopularintheUSAandjustcan’tbemissed!PeopleoftensaythatnovisittoNewYorkCityiscompletewithoutatriptoBroadway!Broadwaywithitscafés,streetperformers（表演者）andcolorfulsignsreallyrepresentsNewYork’sloudspirit!AsBroadwayistheheartoftheAmericantheaterindustry,it’satnightwhenittrulycomesalive.Broadwayiswell-knownforitsbigtheaters.TheyshowShakespeare,modernplays,danceshowsormusicals—takeyourpick!Withyourloveofsingingandinterestindrama（戲劇）,I’drecommend（推薦）amusical.It’sagreatandmovingexperiencethatI’msureyouwouldlove—abitlikePekingopera!ManymusicalsarebasedonclassicstorieslikeLesMiserablesorPeterPan,andtheymighteveninspire（激發）youtoreadthebooks,too!MybignewsisthatIamgoingtoChinaonvacationthiswinter.IamlookingforplacesofinterestinChina.Canyourecommendsometome?Seeyousoon!Leslie21.WhatisNewYorkCityalsocalled?22.IsBroadwayfamousforitsbigtheaters?23.Whataremanymusicalsbasedon?24.WhenisLesliegoingtoChinaonvacation?25.WhichplaceofinterestinChinawillyourecommendtoLeslie?一、細節理解題細節理解題是原文提到了某事物、現象或理論,題干針對原文具體敘述本身發問。這類題在原文中可直接找到答案,常用一般疑問句、選擇疑問句以及由who,what,where,when,why和how等引導的特殊疑問句來提問。凡是針對特定事實細節的考題,其正確答案大都可以在閱讀材料中找到相應的文字作為驗證。回答此類問題一般采取尋讀法,即先讀題,然后帶著問題快速閱讀短文,找出與問題有關的詞語或句子,再進行分析對比,找出答案。例原文:Onthefirstdayofschool,ourprofessorintroducedalittleoldladytous.問題:Whodidtheprofessorintroduceonthefirstdayofschool?思路:通過審題后尋讀,考生應回答:Alittleoldlady.二、主旨大意題此類問題主要考查學生概括文章主旨或段落大意的能力,其主要目的是培養學生歸納主要信息的能力。現在初中學生閱讀時的普遍問題是文章大意基本能看懂,但缺乏歸納主題和寫作目的的能力,而這恰恰是閱讀教學的主要目的。主旨大意題的提問方式通常是:Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?/Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?/Whatisthepurposeofthewriter’swritingthepassage?/WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytellus?/Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus?由于文章的主旨大意通常會出現在首尾段或段落的首尾句,所以回答此類型題一般采用略讀法。略讀時要特別注意短文的首段、首句或末句,一般文章的主旨大意就在這里。抓住每段中的關鍵詞語,便可以迅速把握短文的主旨以及主要信息的分布,在答題時就心中有數了。★有些文章主旨大意清晰明了,考生只需從原文中提取信息即可。★有些文章除了需要把握首尾段或段落首尾關鍵句之外,考生還要把握全文結構,分清段落層次,從而歸納出主旨大意。思路:通過略讀尋找首尾段的關鍵句,并結合人們不喜歡藍色食物的現象以及原因,考生應總結答案為:Peopledon’tlikethebluefoodandthereasons.三、信息歸納題該類題目要求考生能在短文中找到題目所涉及的事實性細節,并能適當進行歸納表達。在找到相關細節信息之后,有時可照搬原文信息輕松作答,有時還要對事實性信息進行適當整理。解答信息歸納題時,一方面要在對全文理解的基礎上采取尋讀策略,找到相應的原文信息;另一方面要使用詞語的恰當詞性。很多學生在考試時就沒有注意到詞性的要求。因此,做這類題要回答全面,也要表述正確。四、開放性問答題此類題目是要求考生針對短文中所出現的話題發表個人觀點和見解。它沒有標準答案,需要考生根據自己的理解和想象答題。但考生的三觀要符合主流意識形態,陳述理由時不能脫離原文的背景。開放性的問題使考生跳出了一定的限制范圍,有利于體現創造性思維。考生在平時要多思考生活,關注社會和國內外問題,中考時方可寫出具有自己個性、言簡意賅且合情合理的句子。PassageAKarlsson,aforeignteacheratBeijingUnionUniversity(BUU),haslivedinChinaforover15years.HeshowedgreatinterestinChinawhenhejoinedinaprogramforEastAsianstudiesinSwitzerlandin1997.Backthen,cellphonesandtheInternetwerenotwidelyused.LearningChinesemeantusingtextbooks,dictionariesandtapes.HelearnedChineseinthatway.In2006,withahighscoreintheChineselanguagetest,hewonascholarshipforafive-weeksummerprograminBeijing.Afterfinishingthestudyprogram,KarlssonwasofferedaBeijing-basedjobasamarketresearcher.Inthenextyear,hestartedtoteachbusinessatBUU.LifeinBeijinghasbeenawonderfulexperience.Ithasofferedhimmanychancesforpersonalgrowth.Today,thankstohigh-speedbroadband(寬帶)and5G,hecanconnectwithstudentsatBUU'spartneruniversitiesinRussiaorMexicowhileridingontheBeijingsubway.Althoughhewasbusyonteachingdays,Karlssonapplied(申請)forafull-timescholarship(獎學金)attheUniversityofInternationalBusinessandEconomicsinBeijing.Attheageof44,hegothisPh.D.ineconomics(經濟學博士)."Iamquiteinterestedinblockchain(區塊鏈)technology,andIknowthatChinaisquicklybecomingtheleaderinblockchainapplications.So,Ialwayswritemyarticlesinthisarea,"hesaid."Thereisalwaystimetofollowyourdreamsifyouworkhard,"hesaid."Takingchallengesandalsohelpingothersarewhatmakeslifeworthliving,"1．HowdidKarlssonlearnChineseinSwitzerland?2．HowlongwasthesummerprograminBeijing?3．WhycouldKarlssonconnectwithstudentsfromforeigncountriesonthesubway?4．WhendidKarlssongethisPh.Dineconomics?5．WhatcanyoulearnfromKarlsson'sexperiences?PassageBLaboreducationhasbeenmadeapartofcompulsory（義務的）education.Studentswillhaveatleastonecourseeveryweekonbasichouseholdskillssuchascleaningandcooking.Shouldcookingbetaughtatschools?Howcanlaboreducationcontinueafterschool?Thetopiccatcheswidesocialattentionandcausesheatedpublicdiscussions.LiMei,astudentinBeijingWehavelittletimetodevelopourinterestsbecausewehavetospendmostofthetimestudying.Ahouseholdskillclasscangiveuschancestoexperiencemoreaspectsoflifeandhelpusdiscoverdifferentinterests.Ihopewecouldbegiventhechoicestotakewhatevercourseswelike.Mrs.Chen,ahousewifeinHubeiSchoolsshouldhavecookingclasses.Childrenwillbetaughtabouttheirfoodandhowtocookproperly.Manyparentsdon'thavetheprofessionalknowledgeandhavenotimetodothis.Ahouseholdclasswouldprovidetheknowledgeandtrainingthatparentsareunabletogivetheirchildren.Mr.Wang,ateacherinShandongBylearningbasicskillslikecookingandcleaning,childrencanlearnhowtotakecareofthemselvesandliveindependently.Parentswon'talwayshelptheirchildrenwitheveryproblemthey'llmeetintheirlife.Theyneedtolearnnewthings,solveproblemsandgrowfromtheirexperiences.Itisnecessaryforchildrentoknowhowtomastertheseimportantlifesavingskillsasearlyaspossible.WuWei,anengineerinShanghaiIlearnedsomebasiccookingskillsfrommymother.ButmostofthemwerelearnedafterIgraduatedfromtheuniversity,frombooksandonlineshortvideos.Householdskillslikecookingareveryusefulinourdailylife.Ihopethesecookingclasseswillreallymakethestudentsrealizethatlaborisimportantandvaluable.6．Dothefourpeopleagreetoteachbasichouseholdskillsatschool?7．What'sLiMei'sproblem?8．Whothinksstudentsshouldlearnhowtocookproperly?9．WhyshouldchildrenlearnbasicskillsaccordingtoMr.Wang?10．WhatdoesWuWeithinkoflabor?PassageCLastMonday,therewasaChinesepapercuttingcompetitioninXiangyangMiddleSchool.Itwasheldintheirmeetinghall.Itwasverysuccessful.Asweknow,Chinesepapercutting,whichisalsocalled"Jianzhi",isatraditionalartforminChina.Peopleusescissorsoraknifetocutpaperintodifferentshapesanddesigns.Chinesepapercuttinghasalonghistory.Chinesepapercuttingisoftenusedathomeduringspecialtraditionaldays.Thedesignscanbeanimals,flowers,orevenpeople.Eachdesignhasadifferentmeaning.ChildreninChinalearnhowtomakepapercutsatayoungage.Itisafunactivityandithelpsthemdeveloptheircreativity(創意)andskills.Theycanmakepapercutstogiveothersasgiftsortousethemtodecorate(裝飾)theirrooms.ChinesepapercuttingispopularinChinaandothercountries.Manypeoplearoundtheworldenjoythisartformandtrytomaketheirownpapercuts.Allinall,Chinesepapercuttingisbeautifulandtraditional.Itisafunactivityforchildren.Ifyouhaveachance,youshouldtrymakingyourownpapercutstoo!11．Whatdopeopleusetocutpaperintodifferentshapesanddesigns?12．WhereisChinesepapercuttingoftenused?13．Doeseachdesignhavethesamemeaning?14．WhendochildreninChinalearnhowtomakepapercuts?15．WhyisChinesepapercuttingpopularinothercountries?PassageDWhilemostpeopleover80arewillingtoenjoylifeafterretirement(退休),ZhaoYafu,anagricultural(農業的)researcherinZhenjiang,JiangsuProvince,likestospendmostoftheyearworkinginthefieldsbetter.Bornin1941,Zhao'schildhooddreamwastobecomeareporter.Whenhewasincollege,Zhaosawhowhardliveswereinthecountryside,sohedecidedtodosomethingtohelp.ButwhenZhaobeganhisplanwithclassesonagriculturalscienceinaprimaryschool,onlytwofarmersappearedandlookedathimsuspiciously(懷疑地)."ThatonlyshowedwhatIwasdoingwasnecessary,"Zhaosaid."Thevillagersneededsomeonetohelpthemchangetheirmindsandembrace(欣然接受)newtechniques(技術)."Zhaokeptonaskingthefarmertousethenewtechniqueshetaughtandtoplantanewkindofrice.Healsoaskedthemtoturntoothercropssuchasstrawberriesandgrapestohelpthemmakemoremoney.Astimewentby,morenewhousesandroadswerebuiltinthevillage,andthevillagersbegantounderstandthatallZhaoreallywantedwastohelpthem.Inhis60yearsinZhenjiang,Zhaohashelpedover160,000farmersshakeoffpoverty(貧窮).HeandhisteamarealsoactiveinWesternChina.Since2013,theyhavehelpedfarmersinWesternChinaearn(賺得)nearly30billionyuan."Isawhowpoorthevillagersusedtobe,andIalsoseehowtheyhavebeenchangedovertheyears.Iwillcontinuewithmyworkifmyhealthpermits(允許),"saidZhao.16．WhichdoesZhaYafulikebetterafterretirement,enjoyinglifeorworkinginthefields?17．WhenwasZhaYafuborn?18．WheredidZhaYafubeginhisplanwithclassesonagriculturalscience?19．WhydidZhaoYafuaskthefarmerstoturntoothercrops?20．HowmanyfarmershasZhaoYafuhelpedtoshakeoffpovertyinZhenjiang?PassageEAbout2300yearsago,theareaaroundChengduhadbadfloods(洪水)inspringeveryyear.Floodwaterfromthemountainsflowed(流動)downtheMinjiangRiverandcoveredtheland.Luckily,theQingovernor(太守),LiBing,wasawaterengineer.ThekingofQinprovidedthemoneyandaskedthegovernortosolvetheproblem.Theusualmethodtoavoidfloodingistobuildawallacrosstheriver,calledadam.Specialopeningsinthedamallowtheflowofwatertobecontrolled.However,thekinghadalsoaskedLiBingtomakesurethatshipscouldstillusetheriver.Thiswasnecessarybecausethekingneededtosendfoodtohisarmy.SoLiBingstudiedthesituationandcameupwithaplan—aplanthatstillworkstoday!Helpedbyhisson,andtensofthousandsofworkersfromthearea,LiBingbuiltaman-madeislandinthemiddleoftheriver.Thisislandwasshapedlikeafishanditdividedthewaterintoaninnerandanouterriver.Theinnerriverwasdeeperthanbutnotaswideastheouterriver.Ittookfouryearstobuildtheisland.LiBingalsocutanewchannel(運河)throughMountYulei.Thischannelwouldtakewaterawaytoirrigate(灌溉)thelandintheflatfarmlandbelow.Therockofthemountainwasveryhardanddifficulttocut.LiBingusedfiretoheattherockandthenwatertocoolitquickly.Thismadetherockbreakintosmallerpieceswhichcouldbecarriedawaymoreeasily.Cuttingthechanneltookeightyears!AfterLiBing'sworkwasfinished,therewerenomorefloods,andtheDujiangyanirrigationsystem(灌溉系統)allowedthefarmerstogrowmoreandmorefood.Theriverflowednaturally,andbecausetherewasnodam,shipsandfishcouldpassfreely.SichuanbecamethemostproductiveareainChina,asitstillistoday.Today,scientistsandvisitorsfromallovertheworldcometolookatthiswonderfulexampleofengineering.ThisworkandthenameofLiBingliveon.21．WhatwasLiBing'sjob?22．WhydidthekingaskLiBingtomakesurethatshipscouldstillusetheriver?（23．WhohelpedLiBingbuildaman-madeislandinthemiddleoftheriver？24．HowlongdidittakeLiBingtocutanewchannel?25．WhatdoesthewriterthinkoftheDujiangyanirrigationsystem?PassageFItwastwomonthsbeforeChristmaswhennine-year-oldRosetoldherfatherandmethatshewantedanewbike.HerSnowWhitebikewasjusttoooldtoride,anditneededrepairingaswell.AsChristmascamecloser,herdreamforabikese