選修⑥Unit1單元檢測[語言基礎扎根練]Ⅰ.單詞拼寫/用所給詞的適當形式填空1．Basichumanrights,includingfreedomofspeech,arenowguaranteed(保障)．2．Itmustbeacknowledgedthatthisobjecthasnotbeenattained(達到)．3．Thefatherglared(怒目而視)atthenaughtyboyandscoldedhimforhisbadbehaviour.4．Withafinalburst(猛沖)ofspeedsheovertooktheleadingrunnerandwontherace.5．Theybegantodrawtheinterestofthepublicastheyperformed(表演)theirexcitingdanceincafes.6．Studentsshouldbeencouragedtodevelopgoodhabitsandbehave(使舉止規矩)themselves.7．Trainingisprovided,sonoprevious(先前的)experienceisrequiredforthejob.8．She'sgotsuchanegative(消極的)attitudethatit'sdepressingtobewithher.9．Weneedtohaveapositive(積極的)mentalstateifwewanttoimproveourstudyefficiency.10．Idon'tliketogooutduringtherushhour,becauseit'stoocrowded(擁擠的)．11．Thebestwaytostrengthen(strength)willpoweristomakeitintoahabit.12．Wehopethatyouwillacceptourinvitation(invite)ifitisconvenientforyou.13．WithmyEnglishteacher'spatientinstruction(instruct)andhelp,ImadegreatprogressinmyEnglishlearning.14．It'sbetterforstudentstotakeavariety(vary)ofcoursessoastotakedifferentkindsofsubjectstofindtheirinterest.15．Theoldmanrelatedsomeamusing(amuse)storiesinhischildhoodtothechildren.Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Thoughinthesamefamily,thebirdsvarywithsizeandcolour.with→in2．Byanunfortunateoversight,fullinstructiondidnotewiththeproduct.instruction→instructions3．Onesuchadictionaryisenoughbecausewecanlookupallweneedinit.去掉a4．Theputerisstillundertheguarantee,soyoucanreturnittotheshop.去掉第二個the5．Everyoneintheroomburstoutlaughteratsomethingthatthelittleboysaid.out→into或laughter→laughing6．Havingpicturestocolourwillkeepchildrenamusingforhours.amusing→amused7．Thisballetgroupalsogoestothecountrysidetoputperformancesforpeasants.put后加on8．Theyarepullingdownthoseoldhousestomakearoomforanewhotel.去掉第一個a9．Therescueteamhopedthatthestrandedtouristsinmountaincouldholdontilltheyarrived.on→out10．Itwasveryintelligentofhimtoeupsuchasplendididea.up后加withⅢ.翻譯句子/一句多譯1．你認為是什么使他在如此短的時間內取得了這么大的進步？(doyouthink作插入語)What_do_you_think_lead_him_to_make_such_great_progress_in_such_a_short_time?2．世界上沒有免費的午餐。(nosuch＋名詞)There_is_no_such_thing_as_free_lunch_in_the_world.3．這是一個正式場合，你應該舉止得體。(formaloccasion,behaveoneself)This_is_a_formal_occasion,_and_you_should_behave_yourself.4．看來綠色生活是出人意料地容易和可以負擔得起的。(Itseemsthat;affordable)It_seems_that_green_living_is_surprisingly_easy_and_affordable.5．你真是太棒了，想出這么一個好主意。(wonderful;eupwith)It's_wonderful_of_you_to_e_up_with_such_a_good_idea.6．我認為憑你的能力你肯定能找一份更好的工作。①Ithinkyourabilitywillguarantee_you_a_better_job.(guaranteesb.sth.)②Ithinkyourabilitywillguarantee_a_better_job_to_you.(guaranteesth.tosb.)③Ithinkyourabilitywillguarantee_that_you_will_find_a_better_job.(guaranteethat...)④Ithinkyourabilitywillgive_you_a_guarantee_that_you_will_find_a_better_job.(givesb.aguarantee)7．聽到這個笑話，全班哄堂大笑。①Thewholeclassburst_into_laughterwhentheyheardthejoke.(burstinto)②Thewholeclassburst_out_laughingwhentheyheardthejoke.(burstout)8．這個商店每天給顧客提供各種各樣的商品。①Thestoreprovidesthecustomswithall_kinds_of_goodseveryday.②Thestoreprovidesthecustomswithvarious_goodseveryday.③Thestoreprovidesthecustomswitha_variety_of_goodseveryday.④Thestoreprovidesthecustomswithvarieties_of_goodseveryday.[話題語篇高考練]Ⅳ.閱讀理解A(2018·重慶南開中學月考)SomepeopleliketolistentotheBeatles,whileotherspreferGregorianchants(呼喊).Whenitestomusic,scientistsfindthatnurturecanoverpowernature.Astudyshowsmusicalpreferencesseemtobemainlyshapedbyaperson'sculturalupbringingandexperiencesratherthanbiologicalfactors.“Ourresultsshowthatthereisaprofoundculturaldifferenceinthewaypeoplerespondtoconsonant(和諧的)anddissonant(不和諧的)sounds,andthissuggeststhatotherculturesheartheworlddifferently，”saysJoshMcDermott,ascientistinCambridge.Somescientistsbelievethatthewaypeoplerespondtomusichasabiologicalbasisandthatthiswouldoverpoweranyculturalshapingofmusicalpreferences,effectivelymakingthemauniversalphenomenon.Somemusicians,bycontrast,thinkthatsuchpreferencesaremoreaproductofone'sculture.Ifaperson'supbringingshapestheirpreferences,thentheyarenotauniversalphenomenon.Thetricktoworkingoutwheremusicalpreferencesefromwastofindandtestpeoplewhohadn'thadmuchcontactwithWesternmusic.McDermottandhisteamtravelledbyaeroplane,carandcanoetoreachtheremotevillagesoftheTsimane'people,whoarelargelyisolatedfromWesternculture.Intheirexperiments,McDermottandhiscolleaguesinvestigatedresponsestoWesternmusicbyplayingbinationsofnotestothreegroupsofpeople:theTsimane'andtwoothergroupsofBoliviansthathadexperiencedincreasinglevelsofexposuretoWesternmusic.Theresearchersrecordedwhethereachgroupregardedthenotesaspleasantorunpleasant.TheTsimane'arejustasgoodatmakingacoustic(聲響的)distinctionsasthegroupswithmoreexperienceofothertypesofmusic,thescientistsfind.Mostpeoplepreferconsonanttones,buttheTsimane'havenopreferencebetweenthem.“Thisprettyconvincinglyrulesoutthatthepreferencesarethingswe'rebornwith，”McDermottargues.“Cultureplaysarole.Welikethemusicwegrewupwith，”agreesDalePurves,ascientistatDukeUniversity.“Natureversusnurtureisalwaysa_fool's_errand.It'salmostalwaysabination，”headds.eq\x(語篇解讀：本文介紹了一些科學家關于音樂的實驗。)1．WhydoestheauthormentiontheBeatlesinthefirstparagraph?A．Toarousereaders'interest.B．Tostresstheimportanceofmusic.C．Tointroducethetopictobediscussed.D．Toencouragereaderstolistentotheirmusic.解析：選C推理判斷題。文章介紹了一些科學家關于音樂的實驗，此處提及“theBeatles”是為了引出文章的主題。故選C。2．McDermottwouldmostprobablyagreethat________.A．people'smusicpreferenceisauniversalphenomenonB．ChineseandJapanesehavedifferentmusicpreferencesC．thewaypeoplerespondtomusicisbiologicallydecidedD．parentshavenothingtodowithchildren'smusicpreference解析：選B推理判斷題。根據文章中麥克德莫特所做的一些實驗表明，不同的地域會影響人們的音樂喜好。故選B。3．WhatdoweknowabouttheTsimane'intheexperiment?A．Theypreferconsonanttones.B．Theyarebornwithexcellentmusictalent.C．Theydowellintellingacousticdistinctions.D．TheyhaveneverhadcontactwithWesternmusic.解析：選C細節理解題。根據倒數第二段前兩句“TheTsimane'arejustasgoodatmakingacoustic(聲響的)...buttheTsimane'havenopreferencebetweenthem.”可知，選C。4．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“afool'serrand”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Somethingmeaningless. B．Somethingsignificant.C．Somethingreliable. D．Somethingsensitive.解析：選A詞義猜測題。根據文章最后兩句可知，天性與培養總是徒勞的，這幾乎總是一個組合。故選A。BLivingamongtrees,plantsandflowerscanfillyourlifewithbeauty.Andifyouareawoman,itcanalsohelpyoulivelonger.Womenwholiveinhomessurroundedbyplantsappeartohavelowerdeathratesthanwomenwholiveinareaswithlessgreenplants,accordingtoaresearch.PeterJamesandhisteamlookedatinformationfromoneofthelargestandoldestinvestigationsofwomen'shealth:theNurses'HealthStudy.Forthenewstudy,theteamlookedatthedeathratesofmorethan100,000womenbetweentheyears2008and2015.Thentheresearchersparedthedeathratesofthesewomentothegreenplantsaroundtheirhomes.Todeterminetheamountoftreesandothervegetation(植被),researchersexaminedsatelliteimages.Tomakeitmorebelievable,theresearchersconsideredotherriskfactors—thingssuchastheageofthewomen,theireconomicstatus,andrace.Theyalsolookedatwhetherornotthewomensmoked.PeterJamessaysheandhisteamweresurprisedtofindsuchastronglinkbetweenhighvegetationlevelsandlowdeathrates.Headdstheywerealsosurprisedtofindhowhighlevelsofplantlifecanaffectawoman'smentalhealth.Thestudysuggeststhatlivingamongvegetationloweredlevelsofdepression.Researcherssaywomeningreenerareasspentmoretimewithotherpeople,exercisedmoreandwerelessexposedtoairpollution.Oneofthebiggesteffectsofgreeneryappearedtobealoweredriskofcancer.Herearesomenumbers.Thestudyfoundthatwomenlivinginthegreenestareashada13percentlowerrateofdyingfromcancer.Jamessaysthatitismonknowledgethatvegetationhelpstheenvironmentinmanyways.But,headds,thenewfindingssuggestwaysforcityplanners,landscapearchitectsandpolicymakerstogrowevenhealthierlivingareas.語篇解讀：植物對環境有很多益處。研究者認為，女性若住在四處環繞植物的地方，死亡率會較低、可以減輕抑郁以及降低患癌癥的風險；而且還發現植物壽命長短可影響女性的心理健康。5．What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Tointroducethegreenenvironmentandcallonpeopletoenjoyit.B．Toshowwomenlivingingreenareasaremorelikelytolivelong.C．Toshowtherelationshipbetweenanimalsandplants.D．Togivesometipsonhowtolivelong.解析：選B寫作目的題。文章第一段引出話題，第二段提出本文的主題——女性若住在四處環繞植物的地方，死亡率會較低，下文對此話題展開說明，并詳細介紹了該研究是如何進行的。由此可推斷，作者寫作本文的目的是說明生活在綠色植物較多的區域的女性可能壽命更長。故選B項。6．Howdidtheresearchersmaketheresearchmoreconvincing?A．Bystudyingmorepeople.B．Byexaminingsatelliteimages.C．Bytakingmorefactorsintoaccount.D．BycooperatingwiththeNurses'HealthStudy.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據第五段第一句“Tomakeitmorebelievable,theresearchersconsideredotherriskfactors—thingssuchastheageofthewomen,theireconomicstatus,andrace.”可知，為了使研究更有說服力，研究者考慮了很多因素。故選C項。7．WhenJamesfoundtheconnectionbetweenvegetationlevelsanddeathrates,hewas________.A．excited B．unconcernedC．relieved D．surprised解析：選D細節理解題。根據第六段第一句“PeterJamessaysheandhisteamweresurprisedtofindsuchastronglinkbetweenhighvegetationlevelsandlowdeathrates.”可知，當詹姆斯和他的團隊發現高綠化率和低死亡率之間存在密切的聯系時，他們很驚訝。故選D項。8．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Peopleareunlikelytodevelopcancerbecauseoflivingwithgreenplants.B．Peoplediefromcancermorethanfromotherdiseases.C．Livingwithgreenplantscanhelplowerdepression.D．Thisfindingisspeciallymadeforcityplanners.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據文章第七段第一句“Thestudysuggeststhatlivingamongvegetationloweredlevelsofdepression.”可知，住在四處環繞植物的地方可以幫助減輕抑郁。故選C項。Ⅴ.閱讀七選五HowtoMakePlansMostpeoplegetscaredwhentalkingaboutplanningorwritingplans.__1__.Andyouneedtoplanforsuccessasplanningreallyworksandinspiresyoutogostraightahead.However,howtocreateeffectiveplansisstillaproblem.Don'tworry,andjustfollowthestepsbelow.Step1__2__Whatplanshaveyouhadinthepast?Probably,insomeofyourplans,youhaven'tendedupwhereyouthoughtyouweregoingtoendup.Getagoodunderstandingofwhatyouhavedoneandwhatyouhaven'tdoneinthepast.Itisaprimaryfoundationforyournewplan.Ifhavingnoplan,justtakeactionsandmakeplansrightnow.Step2ThinkabouttheWhat-IfsWhenyouarebuildingyourplans,youshouldconsiderwhereyouaregoingandmakecleartheWhat-Ifs.Becausenoteverythingjustgoessmoothlyasyoubelieve.__3__.Step3DocumenttheplansWhenstartingtomakeplans,youshouldtrytowritethemdown.Itisofkeyimportanceforthefuture.__4__.Inaddition,makesureyouhavetheplansfullywrittenoutwithallthekeyelementsconcerned,includingdetails.Step4UpdatetheplansAccordingtoyourwrittenplansandactualsituation,youshouldcheckouttheplansyouhavepletedandhaven'tpleted.__5__.Makesurealltheassumptionsarethereandworkoutthedetails.Afterhangingonforsomedays,planningwillbegettingsimplerandeasier.A．ReviewhistoricalplansB．MakenewplansimmediatelyC．Actually,peoplearemorelikelytosucceedinaplannedwayD．Andyouneedtocontinuewhatyouhaven'tdoneandupdateitE．NotallpeoplecanmemorizeeverywordtheysaidandthoughtwellF．AndwhatyoushoulddonextistocheckyourplansmonthlyorquarterlyG．Foryourbenefits,youneedtomakePlanAandPlanBincaseofchangesandcontingencies(偶發事件)eq\x(語篇解讀：文章講了怎樣有效地制訂計劃實現成功。)1．選C根據設空后一句“Andyouneedtoplanforsuccessasplanningreallyworksandinspiresyoutogostraightahead.”可知，設空處應引出計劃有助于成功，故C項符合語境。2．選A縱觀文章結構，本空應填小標題，根據該部分中的“Getagoodunderstandingofwhatyouhavedoneandwhatyouhaven'tdoneinthepast.”可知，本段內容與過去的計劃有關，故A項符合語境。3．選G根據設空前的“Becausenoteverythingjustgoessmoothlyasyoubelieve.”可知，并不是所有的事都會順利進行，要考慮到意外情況，故G項中的“incaseofchangesandcontingencies”符合語境。4．選E根據設空前的“Whenstartingtomakeplans,youshouldtrytowritethemdown.”可知，作者建議要寫下計劃，E項“并不是所有人都能記住自己說過和想好的每一句話”恰好解釋了前文的原因。5．選D根據本段小標題Updatetheplans可知，本段主題為更新計劃，故D項符合語境，該項中的update與小標題呼應。Ⅵ.語法填空(2018·南昌模擬)VisitingXi'anwasoncemydream.ItbecamearealitywhenIwasadmittedtoatrainingcourseinChinaalongwithtwoother__1__(lady).Finally,thedayarrived__2__IlandedatXianyangInternationalAirportinearlyAugust.AssoonasIlanded,I__3__(feel)achangeintheatmosphere.Isawpeoplestandinginqueues__4__(wait)fortheirturnattheimmigrationdesk.Afterwards,weweretransportedtotheofficeintheInternationalExhibitionCenter.Chinahadinvitedparticipants__5__twenty-threedevelopingcountriestosharedigitaltelevisionbroadcastingtechniqu