考點(diǎn)二十史地人文類A限時(shí)8分鐘TheNazcaLinesareaseriesoflargeancientgeoglyphs(地畫(huà))intheNazcaDesert,insouthernPeru.Itisrangingfromgeometricpatternstodrawingsofdifferentanimalsandstylizedhuman-likeforms.Theancientlinescanonlybetrulytakeninfromhighintheair,leavinggenerationspuzzledastohowthesepreciseworkscouldhavebeencompletedlongbeforethedocumentedinventionofhumanflight.TheLineswerefirstspottedwhencommercialairlinesbeganflyingacrossthePeruviandesertinthe1920s.Whobuiltthemandwhatwastheirpurpose?Aretheyroads,starpointers,maybeevenagiganticmap?Ifthepeoplewholivedhere2,000yearsagohadonlyasimpletechnology,howdidtheymanagetoconstructsuchprecisefigures?Didtheyhaveaplan?Thesemarkingsarelikeavastpuzzle.TheNazcaLinesarethemostoutstandinggroupofgeoglyphsintheworld.TherearealsohugegeoglyphsinEgypt,Malta,theUnitedStates(MississippiandCalifornia),Chile,Holiviaandinothercountries.ButtheNazcageoglyphs,becauseoftheirnumbers,characteristics,dimensionsandculturalcontinuityastheyweremadeandremadethroughoutacertainhistoryperiod,formthemostimpressivearcheological(考古學(xué)的)group.TheNazcaplainisuniqueforitsabilitytopreservethemarkingsuponit,duetothecombinationoftheclimate(oneofthedriestonEarth,withonlytwentyminutesofrainfallperyear)andtheflat,stonygroundwhichminimizestheeffectofthewindatgroundlevel.Withnodustorsandtocovertheplainandlittlerainorwindtoerode(腐蝕)it,linesdrawnheretendtostaydrawn.Thesefactors,combinedwiththeexistenceoflighter-coloredsubsoilbeneaththedesertsurface,provideavastwritingpadthatissuitedtotheartistwhowantstoleavehismarketernal.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了出現(xiàn)在秘魯南部Nazca沙漠的大型古代地畫(huà)theNazcaLines的神奇之處及形成原因。1．WhatcanweknowabouttheNazcaLinesfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Theyarebuiltasabigmap.B．Theyareformedbynature.C．Theyareancientlinesincaves.D．Theyarehugemarkingsinadesert.答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“TheNazcaLinesareaseriesoflargeancientgeoglyphs(地畫(huà))intheNazcaDesert,insouthernPeru.”及下文對(duì)TheNazcaLines圖案和發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)程的具體介紹可知，theNazcaLines是出現(xiàn)在秘魯南部Nazca沙漠的大型古代地畫(huà)，故選D。2．HowmanyfactorsmaketheNazcaLinesthemostimpressive?A．One. B．Two.C．Three. D．Four.答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中的“becauseoftheirnumbers,characteristics,dimensionsandculturalcontinuity...,formthemostimpressive”可知，四個(gè)因素使得這些地畫(huà)給人留下極為深刻的印象，故選D。3．WhyaretheNazcaLineswellpreserved?A．Becauseofthewindatgroundlevel.B．Becauseoftheexistenceofsoftsoil.C．Becauseoftheclimateandgeography.D．Becauseofthethicksandonthetop.答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“TheNazcaplainisuniqueforitsabilitytopreservethemarkingsuponit,duetothecombinationoftheclimate(oneofthedriestonEarth,withonlytwentyminutesofrainfallperyear)andtheflat,stonygroundwhichminimizestheeffectofthewindatgroundlevel.”可知，因?yàn)檫@里干燥少雨的氣候和平坦多石的地形使地畫(huà)能很好地保留下來(lái)，故選C。4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eternal”probablymean?A．Non-stop. B．Everlasting.C．Real-life. D．High-end.答案：B詞義猜測(cè)題。最后一句指這些因素，加上沙漠表面下淺色底土的存在，給想要永久留下印記的藝術(shù)家提供了一個(gè)巨大的書(shū)寫(xiě)板。eternal“永恒的”，和everlasting同義，故選B。B限時(shí)8分鐘LebanesefilmmakerNadineLabakihasbecomethefirstfemaleartistintheArabworldtobenominated(提名)foranAcademyAward,orOscar.LabakidirectedthefilmCapernaum,afilmaboutaSyrianrefugee(難民)boyandaKenyanbabywholivewithoutparentsonthestreetsofBeirut.Itwasnominatedforbestforeignlanguagefilm.LabakiwillbeoneofthefewfemaledirectorstocompeteforanOscarthisyear.ShetoldTheAssociatedPress“Iwishtherewerealotmorewomenfilmmakersthisyearrepresented，nominatedintheOscars.ButIamsureinafewyearswewon'tbehavingthisproblemanymore.”UnlikeintheWest,womenfilmmakersareindustryleadersinLebanon.Capernaumreceiveda15-minutestandingovation(熱烈歡迎)atthisyear'sCannesFilmFestival.ItwontheJuryPrize—thethird-highestawardgivenatCannes.TheUnitedNationshaspubliclypraisedthefilm.Lebanon'sForeignMinistersaidCapernaumputaLebanesetouchontheinternationalfilmindustry.TheOscarnominationofCapernaumisthesecondforLebanonintwoyearsinthefilmgroup.Itdemonstratesthecountry'srisingstarpower.Labakicalledmakingthemoviealife-changingexperience.ShesaidCapernaumhelpshumanizetherealstrugglesofrefugeesonlybrieflytalkedaboutinthenews.“Wecan'thelpbutacknowledgethatthereisafearofrefugeesingeneralaroundtheworldandtherearethesewallswearebuilding,andthisfearkeepsgrowing，”Labakisaid.CapernaumwillcompeteagainstfourotherfilmsfortheOscar,includingawardsseasonfavoriteRoma.DirectedbyMexico'sAlfonsoCuaron,itearned10Oscarnominations,includingforbestpicture.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹了黎巴嫩女導(dǎo)演NadineLabaki及其導(dǎo)演的電影Capernaum的相關(guān)情況。5．WheredoesLabakicomefrom?A．Syria. B．Kenya. C．Lebanon. D．Mexico.答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Lebanesefilmmaker”可知，NadineLabaki是黎巴嫩人，故答案為C。6．WhatdoweknowfromLabaki'swordsinParagraph3?A．FewwomendirectorshavebeennominatedintheOscars.B．ShewasthefirstfemaleartisttocompeteforanOscar.C．MorewomendirectorswillenterforOscarthisyear.D．Femaledirectorshaveproblemswiththeirfilms.答案：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)Labaki的話可知，她希望今年能有更多的女導(dǎo)演被提名奧斯卡獎(jiǎng)，并希望今后不再有類似問(wèn)題。由此可以推斷近幾年沒(méi)有幾位女性導(dǎo)演被提名奧斯卡獎(jiǎng)，故答案為A。7．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesCapernaum?A．Itisthebestforeignlanguagefilm.B．Itshowstherisingpowerofwomen.C．IthaswonthefirstprizeatCannes.D．Itishighlythoughtof.答案：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中第五、六、七段可知，Capernaum這部電影獲得了來(lái)自各方面的贊美。由此可知，這部電影獲得了很高的評(píng)價(jià)，故答案為D。8．Whatdoestheunderlined“it”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Capernaum. B．TheOscar.C．Roma. D．Bestpicture.答案：C指代判斷題。上句的最后提到了非常受歡迎的電影Roma,然后本句就談到這部電影是由誰(shuí)導(dǎo)演，并獲得十項(xiàng)提名。由此可知，此處it指代電影Roma，故答案為C。C限時(shí)7分鐘BlackFridayistheFridayfollowingThanksgivingDayintheUnitedStates.Ithasbeenregardedasthebeginningoftheholidayshoppingseason.Althoughit'snotanofficialholiday,millionsofemployersgivetheiremployeesthedayoff,andmanypeopleusethatdaytogetajump-startontheirholidayshopping.AsimilardayinCanadaandtheGreatBritainiscalled“BoxingDay”．BlackFridayhasbecomesomewhatofamarketingsensationinrecentyears.Since2005,ithasbeenthebusiestshoppingdayoftheyear.Tolureshoppers,retailers(零售商)routinelyopentheirdoorsasearlyas4amandofferspecialsalesandpromotionstotheshoppersthatarriveearly.Someofthespecialdealsofferedbystoresareonlyavailableinlimitedquantities.Thatiswhysomeshoppersintentongettingthebestdealsoftencampoutinfrontofstoresovernightsothatthey'llbethefirstinlinewhenthedoorsopen.ButwhyBlackFriday?HistoriansbelievethenamestartedinPhiladelphiainthemid-1960s.Busdriversandpoliceused“BlackFriday”todescribetheheavytrafficthatwouldblockcitystreetsthedayafterThanksgivingasshoppersheadedtothestores.Businesses,however,didn'tlikethenegativetoneassociatedwiththe“BlackFriday”name.Intheearly1980s,amorepositiveexplanationofthenamebegantocirculate.Accordingtothisalternativeexplanation,BlackFridayisthedaywhenretailersfinallybegintoturnaprofitfortheyear.Inaccountingterms(會(huì)計(jì)說(shuō)法),operatingatalossiscalledbeing“inthered”becauseaccountantstraditionallyusedredinktoshownegativeamounts.Positiveamountswereusuallyshowninblackink.Thus，being“intheblack”isagoodthingbecauseitmeansstoresareoperatingataprofit.Recently,forthosewhoaretoobusytoshoponBlackFridayorwhojustdon'twanttofightthecrowds,theMondayfollowingBlackFridayhasbecomeknownasCyberMonday(網(wǎng)絡(luò)星期一)forthemanyonlinedeals.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了“黑色星期五”相關(guān)的信息和名字的由來(lái)，讓我們了解了西方文化的特定歷史知識(shí)和文化習(xí)俗等。9．OnBlackFriday,theAmericans________.A．don'thavetogotoworkasusualB．lookexactlyliketheCanadiansC．a(chǎn)reusuallybusydoingshoppingD．stayathomeandrelaxthemselves答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第三句可知，雖然“黑色星期五”不是官方節(jié)日，但許多老板會(huì)給員工放假，人們通常在這一天忙著購(gòu)物。10．Theunderlinedword“l(fā)ure”(inParagraph2)probablymeans“________”．A．protect B．a(chǎn)ttractC．persuade D．remind答案：B詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞所在句子“retailers(零售商)routinelyopentheirdoorsasearlyas4amandofferspecialsalesandpromotionstotheshoppersthatarriveearly(零售商早上4點(diǎn)就開(kāi)門(mén)，給早到的顧客一些特價(jià)打折和促銷)”，故可推知，lure是“吸引”的意思。11．HowdotheretailersunderstandBlackFriday?A．ItistotallydifferentfromBoxingDay.B．Theyusuallylosesomemoneyonthatday.C．Itneverkeepsthemverybusy.D．Itprobablybringsthemmoremoney.答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段第三句可知，零售商認(rèn)為“黑色星期五”可以帶給他們更多的利潤(rùn)。12．Theauthorwritesthispassageinorderto________.A．statethedevelopmentofCyberMondayB．tellthedifferencebetweenredandblackC．introduceBlackFridaytothereadersD．explainthemeaningofBoxingDay答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章對(duì)這個(gè)特殊“節(jié)日”的介紹和關(guān)鍵信息第一段第一句“BlackFridayistheFridayfollowingThanksgivingDayintheUnitedStates.”可知，文章主要向讀者介紹“黑色星期五”的相關(guān)信息。D限時(shí)7分鐘YoumaybesurprisedtolearnthatEnglishgets30to45percentofitswordsfromFrench.Thereasongoesbacktotheyear1066,whenNormanforcesinvaded(入侵)whatisnowBritain.TheNormanswerefromnorthernFranceandspokeFrench.DuringtheNormanoccupation,FrenchbecamethelanguageofEngland'srulersandwealthyclass.Thislastedformorethan300years.OtherpeopleinEnglandcontinuedtospeakEnglishduringthisperiod.Overtime,thetwolanguagescombinedandsharedwords.Someresearchersbelievethatabout10,000FrenchwordseventuallyenteredtheEnglishlanguage.However,althoughEnglishtookmanyFrenchwords,theirmeaningshavenotalwaysstayedthesame.Sometimesthedifferencesinmeaningscanbeveryimportant,andleadtofunnyorstrangesituationsifthewordsareusedinthewrongway.Take,forexample,theFrenchwordcollege.InEnglish,collegecanoftenbeusedinplaceoftheworduniversity,orsometimesasaschoolwithinauniversity.However,inFrench,collegeactuallymeans“middleschool”，orthelevelofschoolingforstudentsingradesfiveorsixthrougheight.Therearemanyothersimilarwordsinthetwolanguageswithcompletelydifferentmeanings.InEnglish,thewordchatisaverbwhichmeans“totalkcasually”；butinFrench,thewordchatisthewordforananimal:acat.IfanEnglishspeakersayssomeoneisjolly,thatmeanstheyarecheerfulorfriendly.ButinFrench,joliemeanssomeoneisgood-lookingorpleasanttolookat.Inanycase,botharenicethingstosaytosomeone.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了英語(yǔ)中存在大量法語(yǔ)詞匯的現(xiàn)象，并舉例說(shuō)明英語(yǔ)中的法語(yǔ)單詞及其在法語(yǔ)中的不同含義。13．WhatlanguagedidtheupperclassspeakinBritainofNormantimes?A．English.B．French.C．BothEnglishandFrench.D．Someunknownlanguage.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“DuringtheNormanoccupation,FrenchbecamethelanguageofEngland'srulersandwealthyclass.”可知，諾曼時(shí)代英國(guó)的上層階級(jí)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)。故選B。14．WhatdoescollegemeaninFrench?A．Theteenagertime.B．UniversityinFrench.C．MiddleschoolinEnglish.D．Universityincommonsense.答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“However,inFrench,collegeactuallymeans‘middleschool’”可知，“college”在法語(yǔ)里的意思是“中學(xué)”。故選C。15．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Comparisonbetweentwolanguages.B．DifficultyingraspingEnglish.C．FrenchwordsinEnglish.D．DevelopmentofEnglish.答案：C主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“YoumaybesurprisedtolearnthatEnglishgets30to45percentofitswordsfromFrench.”和第二段第一句“Overtime,thetwolanguagescombinedandsharedwords.Someresearchersbelievethatabout10,000FrenchwordseventuallyenteredtheEnglishlanguage.”可知，本文講述的是“英語(yǔ)中的法語(yǔ)單詞”。故選C。A限時(shí)10分鐘(2018·浙江高考)Asculturalsymbolsgo,theAmericancarisquiteyoung.TheModelTFordwasbuiltatthePiquettePlantinMichiganacenturyago,withthefirstrollingofftheassemblyline(裝配線)onSeptember27,1908.Onlyelevencarswereproducedthenextmonth.ButeventuallyHenryFordwouldbuildfifteenmillionofthem.ModernAmericawasbornontheroad,behindawheel.ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture:theroadsidediner,thebillboard,themotel,eventhehamburger.Formostofthelastcentury,thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmerican—goingforwardathighspeedtofindnewworlds.Theroadnovel,theroadmovie,thesearethemosttypicalAmericanideas,bornofabundantpetrol,cheapcarsandanever-endinginterstatehighwaysystem,thelargestpublicworksprojectinhistory.In1928HerbertHooverimaginedanAmericawith“achickenineverypotandacarineverygarage.”Sincethen,thissocietyhasmovedonward,neverlookingback,asthecartransformedAmericafromafarm-basedsocietyintoanindustrialpower.ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.InAmericathedemandforoilhasgrownby22percentsince1990.Theproblemsofexcessive(過(guò)度的)energyconsumption,climatechangeandpopulationgrowthhavebeendescribedinabookbytheAmericanwriterThomasL.Friedman.Hefearstheworst,buthopesforthebest.Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy(經(jīng)濟(jì))isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.“Theabilitytodesign,buildandexportgreentechnologiesforproducingcleanwater,cleanairandhealthyandabundantfoodisgoingtobethecurrencyofpowerinthenewcentury.”篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了汽車對(duì)美國(guó)文化的造就及產(chǎn)生的影響。1．WhyishamburgermentionedinParagraph2?A．ToexplainAmericans'lovefortravellingbycar.B．ToshowtheinfluenceofcarsonAmericanculture.C．TostressthepopularityoffastfoodwithAmericans.D．TopraisetheeffectivenessofAmerica'sroadsystem.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture:theroadsidediner,thebillboard,themotel,eventhehamburger.”(汽車塑造了美國(guó)文化中一些最持久的層面：路邊小餐館、廣告牌、汽車旅館，甚至是漢堡。)可知，該段提及漢堡是為了顯示汽車對(duì)美國(guó)文化的影響。故選B。2．WhathastheuseofcarsinAmericaledto?A．Declineofeconomy.B．Environmentalproblems.C．Ashortageofoilsupply.D．Afarm-basedsociety.答案：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句以及第五段第一句可推知，美國(guó)汽車的使用導(dǎo)致了環(huán)境問(wèn)題。故選B。3．WhatisFriedman'sattitudetowardsAmerica'sfuture?A．Ambiguous. B．Doubtful.C．Hopeful. D．Tolerant.答案：C觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，F(xiàn)riedman認(rèn)為在新世紀(jì)能夠設(shè)計(jì)、構(gòu)建和輸出生產(chǎn)清潔水、潔凈空氣以及健康和充足食品的綠色技術(shù)將成為新世紀(jì)的硬通貨。同時(shí)結(jié)合第五段最后一句中的“hopesforthebest”可知，F(xiàn)riedman對(duì)美國(guó)的未來(lái)充滿希望。故選C。B限時(shí)10分鐘(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity,forexample,isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896,Dawson,Canada,wasunmappedwilderness(荒野).Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897,andtwoyearslater,itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest,withapopulationof30,000.DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewentthereforgold.Theytravelledoversnow-coveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarming.Anavalanche(雪崩)onceclosedthepath,killing63people.FormanywhomadeittoDawson,however,therewardswereworththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.Butnomatterhowrichtheywere,Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive.Butsoon,thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadallbeenfound.Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown,andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Today,peoplestillcomeandgo—toseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.Tourismisnowthechiefindustryof篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了加拿大城市道森市的發(fā)展原因、過(guò)程與現(xiàn)狀。4．WhatattractedtheearlysettlerstoNewYorkCity?A．Itsbusinessculture.B．Itssmallpopulation.C．Itsgeographicalposition.D．Itsfavourableclimate.答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一、二句，并結(jié)合關(guān)鍵信息第三句“NewYorkCity,forexample,isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.”可知，紐約吸引早期移民的原因是它的地理位置，故C正確。5．WhatdoweknowaboutthosewhofirstdugforgoldinDawson?A．Two-thirdsofthemstayedthere.B．Oneoutoffivepeoplegotrich.C．Almosteveryonegaveup.D．Halfofthemdied.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.”可知，在最初挖黃金的兩萬(wàn)人中有4,000人變富有，所以是五分之一的人變富了，故B正確。6．WhatwasthemainreasonformanypeopletoleaveDawson?A．Theyfoundthecitytoocrowded.B．Theywantedtotrytheirluckelsewhere.C．Theywereunabletostandthewinter.D．Theywereshortoffood.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第四句中的“...andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome”可知，人們離開(kāi)Dawson的主要原因是聽(tīng)說(shuō)在Alaska發(fā)現(xiàn)了黃金，也就是他們要去別的地方尋找發(fā)財(cái)?shù)臋C(jī)會(huì)。故B正確。7．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Theriseandfallofacity.B．ThegoldrushinCanada.C．Journeysintothewilderness.D．TourisminDawson.答案：A主旨大意題。第一段簡(jiǎn)要介紹城市發(fā)展的原因，引出Dawson這一城市的興起，第二段介紹了該城市興起的原因，第三段介紹人們選擇離開(kāi)該城市的原因及該城市現(xiàn)在的狀況，所以全文敘說(shuō)了Dawson這個(gè)城市的興衰。故A正確。C限時(shí)10分鐘(2020·廣東省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期第一次考試)TraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)needstoproveitsworththroughrigorousclinicaltrials,accordingtotheheadofoneofChina'slargestherbalremedycompanies,asacontentiousnewlawtoboostthe$40bnsectorcomesintoeffect.TraditionalChineseMedicineisestimatedbyanalyststoaccountforathirdofsalesinChina's$117bnpharmaceutical(藥學(xué))market,theworld'ssecondlargest.Butmostofthosesalesareofrelativelycheapover-the-counterdrugs,withmanyChinesehospitaldoctorsunwillingtoprescribeTCMremediesbecauseofthelackofevidencefortheireffectiveness.China'sfirstlawpromisingequalstatusforTCMandwesternmedicineinthecountry'sstate-dominatedhealthcaresystemcomesintoeffectthisweekend.ProvisionsincludeencouragementforhospitalstosetupTCMcentres,andalicensingsystemforpractitioners(從業(yè)者).“ThislawisveryimportantforsecuringthestatusofTCM，”saidWuYiling,chairmanofYilingPharmaceutical,acompanythatmakesherbalremediesbasedontraditionalrecipesinthenorthernprovinceofHebei.ListedinShenzhen,WuYilinghasamarketcapitalizationofRMB20.7bn($3bn).MrWu,thesonofaherbalpractitioner,controlsafamilyfortuneof$1.6bn,accordingtotheHurunRichList.MrWuisbothasupporterofthenatureofQi—themysticalenergyforcethatprovidesthebasisformuchofTCMtheory—andtheclinicaltrialsvitaltowesternpharmaceuticalcompanies.“TCMneedstodevelopusingmodernresearchmethods，”hesaid.Forinstance,researchersfromPekingandCardiffUniversitiestestedthehealthbenefitsofYiling'sherbalmedicineYangzhengXiaoji,publishingpapersintheInternationalJournalofAnalystssaysuchtestscanhelpgainsupportfromdoubtfulhospitaldoctorsandboostprescriptions.“Doctorsneedstrongevidencethatdrugsdefinitelywork，”saidSerenaShao,healthcareanalystatbrokerageCLSA.“Someofthesecompaniesarecurrentlydoingclinicaltrials,andgettingproofthattheirdrugshavethesameefficacy(功效)aschemicaldrugs.That'sthewaytogo.”sheadded.TheTCMlawhasbeengreetedwithdoubtfromChina'swestern-schooledmedicalestablishment,whichpointstoalackofrigoroustrainingforTCMdoctors,andarecentseriesofshockingeventsinvolvingherbalinjectionsbelievedtohavebeenharmful.“OfficialswilltryandencourageTCM,butalsowillbeverycautiousaboutwhatkindsofTCMtheyuseinhospitals，”addedMsShao.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。中國(guó)最大草藥公司之一的負(fù)責(zé)人表示，隨著一項(xiàng)有爭(zhēng)議的新法律生效，傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)(TCM)需要通過(guò)嚴(yán)格的臨床試驗(yàn)證明其價(jià)值。8．WhydoesTraditionalChineseMedicineneedtoproveitsworththroughrigorousclinicaltrials?A．BecauseChinesemedicineisallcheapover-the-counterdrugs.B．BecauseChinesemedicinemarketistheworld'ssecondlargestone.C．BecauseChinesegovernmentwantstoboostthelawofChinesemedicine.D．BecausedoctorsareunwillingtoprescribeTCMremedieslackingevidenceofeffectiveness.答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Butmostofthosesalesareofrelativelycheapover-the-counterdrugs,withmanyChinesehospitaldoctorsunwillingtoprescribeTCMremedies(療法)becauseofthelackofevidencefortheireffectiveness.”可知，醫(yī)生不愿意開(kāi)出缺乏有效證據(jù)的中醫(yī)藥治療方法，所以中醫(yī)需要通過(guò)嚴(yán)格的臨床試驗(yàn)證明其價(jià)值。故選D。9．Whichwordscanbeusedtoreplacetheunderlinedword“Provisions”inthethirdparagraph?A．Articlesoflaw.B．Waysofsupplying.C．Methodsofmotivation.D．Approachestoinspiring.答案：A詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞后的“includeencouragementforhospitalstosetupTCMcentres,andalicensingsystemforpractitioners(從業(yè)者)．”可知，鼓勵(lì)醫(yī)院建立TCM中心，以及為從業(yè)者提供許可證制度，這些屬于規(guī)定的具體內(nèi)容，因此畫(huà)線詞指的是“法律條款”。故選A。10．Accordingtothepassage,wecanlearnthatMrWuYiling________.A．isaherbalpractitioner,controllingafamilyfortuneB．hasacompanyinShenzhenthathasamarketcapitalizationof$3bnC．lethiscompanyevaluateherbalmedicineswithwesternevidence-basedmethodsD．thinksthatifweneedtodevelopTCM,weshoulduseChinesetraditionalresearchmethods答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中的“ThetheoryandrecipeisTCM,butinpracticetheevaluationofourmedicinesiscarriedoutaccordingtowesternevidence-basedmethods，”可知，武夷嶺先生讓他的公司用西方循證方法評(píng)估草藥。故選C。11．Accordingtothelasttwoparagraphs,weinferthat________.A．westerndoctorsdenytheeffectivenessofTCMB．TCMhasn'tbeenrecognizedinthewesternmedicineC．thereisalackofrigoroustrainingforTCMdoctorsD．a(chǎn)recentseriesofshockingeventshasdestroyedChinesemedicine答案：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“TheTCMlawhasbeengreetedwithdoubtfromChina'swestern-schooledmedicalestablishment,whichpointstoalackofrigoroustrainingforTCMdoctors,andarecentseriesofshockingeventsinvolvingherbalinjectionsbelievedtohavebeenharmful.”可推知，中醫(yī)在西方醫(yī)學(xué)中尚未得到認(rèn)可。故選B。D限時(shí)7分鐘(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Beforethe1830s,mostnewspapersweresoldthroughannualsubscriptionsinAmerica,usually$8to$10ayear.Today$8or$10seemsasmallamountofmoney,butatthattimetheseamountswereforbiddingtomostcitizens.Accordingly,newspaperswerereadalmostonlybyrichpeopleinpoliticsorthetrades.Inaddition,mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience.Theyweredullandvisuallyforbidding.Buttherevolutionthatwastakingplaceinthe1830swouldchangeallthat.Thetrend,then,wastowardthe“pennypaper”—atermreferringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic.Itmeantanyinexpensivenewspaper；perhapsmoreimportantlyitmeantnewspapersthatcouldbeboughtinsinglecopiesonthestreet.Thisdevelopmentdidnottakeplaceovernight.Ithadbeenpossible(butnoteasy)tobuysinglecopiesofnewspapersbefore1830,butthisusuallymeantthereaderhadtogodowntotheprinter'sofficetopurchaseacopy.Streetsaleswerealmostunknown.However,withinafewyears,streetsalesofnewspaperswouldbecommonplaceineasterncities.Atfirstthepriceofsinglecopieswasseldomapenny—usuallytwoorthreecentswascharged—andsomeoftheolderwell-knownpaperschargedfiveorsixcents.Butthephrase“pennypaper”caughtthepublic'sfancy,andsoontherewouldbepapersthatdidindeedsellforonlyapenny.Thisnewtrendofnewspapersfor“themanonthestreet”didnotbeginwell.Someoftheearlyventures(企業(yè))wereimmediatefailures.Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhowereownersofsuccessfulpapers,hadlittledesiretochangethetradition.Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheballrolling.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了美國(guó)報(bào)紙大眾化的發(fā)展過(guò)程。12．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesnewspapersinAmericabeforethe1830s?A．Academic. B．Unattractive.C．Inexpensive. D．Confidential.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句可知，當(dāng)時(shí)的美國(guó)報(bào)紙既枯燥又在視覺(jué)上令人生畏，故選unattractive“不吸引人的”。13．Whatdidstreetsalesmeantonewspapers?A．Theywouldbepricedhigher.B．Theywoulddisappearfromcities.C．Theycouldhavemorereaders.D．Theycouldregainpublictrust.答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段和第三段可知，報(bào)紙當(dāng)時(shí)的變化趨勢(shì)是越來(lái)越面向大眾，變得更便宜，而且在街上就可以買(mǎi)到一份報(bào)紙，由此可推斷報(bào)紙的街頭銷售意味著“報(bào)紙可以擁有更多的讀者”，故選C項(xiàng)。14．Whowerethenewspapersofthenewtrendtargetedat?A．Localpoliticians. B．Commonpeople.C．Youngpublishers. D．Richbusinessmen.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，報(bào)紙發(fā)展的新趨勢(shì)的目標(biāo)讀者是普通人，故選B項(xiàng)。15．Whatcanwesay