華南理工大學(xué)廣州學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）翻譯英文原文名Crawlermountaintransportvehicleresearchstatusanddevelopmenttrend中文譯名履帶式山地運輸車研究現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢

學(xué)院專業(yè)班級學(xué)生姓名學(xué)生學(xué)號指導(dǎo)教師填表日期二〇XX年五月英文原文版出處：Caojg.Crawlermountaintransportstructuredesignanalysis[J],journalofchongqinginstituteoftechnology,1999,03譯文成績：指導(dǎo)教師（導(dǎo)師組長）簽名：譯文：履帶式山地運輸車研究現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢

我國山區(qū)面積占全國總面積的三分之二以上，廣大山區(qū)有著豐富的森林和礦產(chǎn)資源，水果在我國農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)值中的比重不斷增加，為發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)提供雄厚的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。山區(qū)由于地形崎嶇，交通閉塞，經(jīng)濟(jì)文化常常相對落后。水果生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化顯得明顯滯后，其中果園運輸尤為突出。例如我國水果中的柑橘有９０％種植在地形復(fù)雜的丘陵和山地區(qū)域，但是在種植和采收過程中果品和農(nóng)資物料運輸仍然以人力運輸為主，生產(chǎn)效率低、勞動強度大。而傳統(tǒng)的輪式農(nóng)用運輸車缺乏地形的針對性。改革開放以來，我國的科學(xué)技術(shù)、信息技術(shù)迅猛發(fā)展，各行各業(yè)都發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化，工程機(jī)械行業(yè)同樣得到了相應(yīng)的快速發(fā)展。各行各業(yè)都在奮力拼搏、大膽創(chuàng)新，使得工程機(jī)械品種不斷增加、產(chǎn)量不斷提高、性能不斷完善，發(fā)展勢頭強勁。山地運輸車是工程機(jī)械的一個重要品種，是一種廣泛用于建筑、鐵路、公路、水利、采礦等建設(shè)工程的運輸機(jī)械。山地運輸車由發(fā)動機(jī)、液壓系統(tǒng)、傳動裝置、底盤幾部分組成。發(fā)動機(jī)的作用是提供動力；液壓系統(tǒng)功能是把發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)械能以油液為介質(zhì)，利用油泵轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐簤耗軅魉徒o油缸、馬達(dá)等，再傳動各個執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)，實現(xiàn)各種運動；底盤的作用是承重、傳力并保證滿足對車速、牽引力和行駛方向的要求。底盤是組成整體的主要部分，行走機(jī)構(gòu)的性能優(yōu)劣直接影響整機(jī)的使用性能、經(jīng)濟(jì)性能。目前國外農(nóng)用運輸車產(chǎn)品基本可分為日韓型、意德型、英法型和美加型。日本、韓國兩國的地理環(huán)境主要以山區(qū)為主，耕種規(guī)模不大，使得自走式履帶、輪式小型運輸車得以盛行。意大利與德國的地形特點是丘陵和山區(qū)占多數(shù)，但以農(nóng)場經(jīng)營管理為主，主要使用獨立式農(nóng)用運輸車和農(nóng)用拖拉機(jī)變形運輸車。英國、法國等眾多歐洲國家的地理環(huán)境與農(nóng)場經(jīng)營規(guī)模與以上兩種模式有較大差異，主要以中型農(nóng)場為主，使用農(nóng)用客貨兩用車和大型廂式農(nóng)用貨車作運輸之用的同時又可滿足日常生活的需要。以美國、加拿大和澳大利亞為代表的大農(nóng)業(yè)國家，更多的是使用重型載貨汽車和半掛牽引汽車作為農(nóng)業(yè)運輸用途的工具。近年來我國山地果園田間運輸技術(shù)已有所突破，主要技術(shù)有架空運輸索道和軌道形式。這兩種運輸技術(shù)，為山地陡坡果園的農(nóng)資和果品運輸提供了解決方案，但存在機(jī)動性較差的缺點。為更好地提高山地緩坡地果園的運輸效率，設(shè)計一種操作輕便而且適應(yīng)性好的運輸車很有必要。針對以山地為主的果園地理環(huán)境，在無路的粘性土壤路面，輪式車輛的附著力明顯小于接地面積較大的履帶式車輛，后者對復(fù)雜地形的適應(yīng)性也明顯優(yōu)于前者。（1）能無極調(diào)速且調(diào)速范圍大，例如液壓馬達(dá)的最高轉(zhuǎn)速與最低轉(zhuǎn)速之比可達(dá)到1000:1。（2）能得到較低的穩(wěn)定轉(zhuǎn)速，例如柱塞式液壓馬達(dá)的穩(wěn)定轉(zhuǎn)速可低達(dá)1r/min。（3）傳動平穩(wěn)，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，可吸收沖擊和振動，操作省力，易實現(xiàn)自動化控制。（4）易于實現(xiàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、系列化、通用化。但是由于工作環(huán)境的惡劣，對機(jī)體的損害較大，磨損嚴(yán)重。運輸車的種類繁多，可以從不同角度對其來寫進(jìn)行劃分：（1）根據(jù)主要機(jī)構(gòu)傳動來寫劃分根據(jù)主要機(jī)構(gòu)是否全部采用液壓傳動，山地運輸車分為機(jī)械傳動、全液壓傳動和非全液壓（或稱半液壓）傳動兩種；（2）根據(jù)行走機(jī)構(gòu)的類型劃分（1）履帶式底盤結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計應(yīng)有利于提高運輸機(jī)在山地果園運行的通過性，即具有較好的轉(zhuǎn)向性能、較強的爬坡能力和抗側(cè)翻能力。（2）設(shè)計履帶式運輸車的轉(zhuǎn)向及行走控制系統(tǒng)應(yīng)有利于提高操縱輕便性，適應(yīng)山地果園運輸作業(yè)。（3）運輸車的動力傳動系統(tǒng)應(yīng)有利于提高運輸機(jī)的牽引力、承載能力、運輸效率及燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性。（4）車廂結(jié)構(gòu)及整機(jī)布局應(yīng)優(yōu)化設(shè)計，提高運輸機(jī)的通用性、適應(yīng)性和降低使用成本。

山地果園自走式履帶運輸車除了要具有山地行駛能力外還需要在高載重情況下工作，因此對其總體設(shè)計應(yīng)要求具有合理的布局和結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。在動力性方面應(yīng)保證其有足夠的驅(qū)動力以獲得較好的加速、爬坡與越障性能，同時提高履帶式運輸車的安全性和穩(wěn)定性也極為重要。由于整車尺寸相對較小，履帶底盤的尺寸也有限，因此在山區(qū)丘陵地帶凹凸不平的路面行駛時比大中型履帶車輛易側(cè)翻，提高其各種負(fù)荷下的抗側(cè)翻性能顯得尤其重要。山地運輸車主要由發(fā)動機(jī)、傳動系統(tǒng)、行走裝置和電氣控制等部分組成。底盤可以分為履帶式與輪式，輪式底盤運用較廣，但是它的牽引附著性能較差，在坡地、粘重、潮濕地及沙土地的使用受到一定的限制；履帶式底盤牽引附著性能好，單位機(jī)寬、牽引力大、接地比壓低、越遠(yuǎn)性能強、穩(wěn)定性好，在坡地、粘重、潮濕地及沙土地的使用具有更好的性能傳動系統(tǒng)由液壓泵、控制閥、液壓馬達(dá)、制動器、行星齒輪減速器、管路、油箱等組成；行走裝置由四輪一帶組成；電氣控制系統(tǒng)包括監(jiān)控盤、發(fā)動機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)、泵控制系統(tǒng)、各類傳感器、電磁閥等。間長、作業(yè)噪聲大等諸多問題。外文原文：CrawlermountaintransportvehicleresearchstatusanddevelopmenttrendTheabove

Chinesemountainareaaccountsfor

2/3ofthetotalareaof

thecountry,

themajorityof

mountainousareaboastsrich

forest

andmineralresources,

theproportionof

fruit

inChina's

agriculturaloutputvalue

inthegrowing,

provideastrongfoundationforthe

developmentoftheeconomy.

Becauseof

theruggedterrainandmountains,

blockingtraffic,

economy

cultureoften

lagsbehindrelatively.

Fruit

productionmechanization

obviouslylagbehind,

which

transportisparticularly

prominent

inorchard.

Forexample,

China's

fruit

ofCitrus

have90%grownin

complexterrain

hillyandmountainous

region,

butin

theprocessof

plantingand

harvesting

fruit

andagricultural

materialtransport

stillwith

human

transportationprimarily,

lowproductionefficiency,

highlaborintensity.

Wheeledagricultural

transportvehicle

and

thetraditionallackof

pertinence

ofterrain.

Sincethereformandopeningup,

therapiddevelopmentofscienceand

technology,

informationtechnologyinourcountry,

allwalksoflife

haveundergone

changesin

turntheworldupsidedown,

engineeringmachinery

industryalso

obtainedthefast

developmentof

thecorresponding.

Inallwalksoflife

struggle,

boldinnovation,

makethe

engineeringmachinery

breedincreasesceaselessly,

andconstantlyimprovetheproduction

performance,

continuousimprovement,

thestrongmomentumofdevelopment.Mountain

transportis

animportant

variety

ofconstructionmachinery,

transportmachinery

is

akindof

widelyusedinconstruction,

railway,

highway,

waterconservancy,

miningandother

constructionprojects.

Mountain

transportvehicleconsistsof

engine,

hydraulicsystem,

transmissiondevice,

thechassis

consistsofseveralparts.

Theengine'sroleisto

providepower;

hydraulicsystemfunction

isthe

mechanicalenergyengine

with

oil

asmedium,using

oilpump

into

hydraulicenergy

transmittedtothe

cylinder,

motor,

to

drive

thevariousimplementingagencies,toachieveavarietyof

motion;

thechassis

istheroleof

thebearing,

theforcetransmission

and

satisfy

thespeed,tractionand

drivingdirection

requirements.

Thechassisisthemain

partof

theoverall

performance,

walkingmechanism

directlyinfluencetheusingperformance,

economic

performanceofthewholemachine.Atpresentforeign

agriculturaltransportvehicle

basicproduct

canbedividedinto

SouthKorea,

ItalyandGermany,BritainandFrance

type

and

type

ofadditive.

Japan,

SouthKorea's

geographicalenvironment

mainlyinmountainousareas,

thescale

isnotlarge,

whichmakesthe

self-propelled

crawler,

smallsizedwheeled

transportvehicle

prevail.

Thetopographicfeaturesof

ItalyandGermany

ishilly

and

mountainousarea

accountedforthemajority,

but

tothe

farmbusiness

managementprimarily,

themainuseof

independenttype

agriculturalvehiclesand

farmtractors

deformation

transportvehicle.

Geographicalenvironmentand

farm

Britain,

France

andmanyother

Europeancountries,

businessscale

and

morethantwomodes

have

greatdifferences,

mainly

medium-sizedfarms,

alsoneedstouse

agricultural

van

Van

trucks

for

transport

andlarge

agricultural

use

and

canmeettheneedsof

dailylife.

To

USA,

CanadaandAustralia

astherepresentativeofthe

large

agriculturalcountry,

more

istheuseof

heavytrucks

and

semi-trailertowingvehicle

asagricultural

transportationuses

tools.Inrecentyears

theMountainousOrchard

FieldTransportation

Technologyinourcountry

hasbeen

abreakthrough,

themaintechnical

overhead

transport

cableway

andtrackform.

Thesetwokindsof

transportationtechnology,

andprovidesasolutionforthe

mountain

slope

orchard

ofagriculturalmeansofproduction

andtransportoffruits,

butthereare

lessmaneuverable

shortcomings.

Inordertobetterimprovethe

mountain

slopesorchard

transportefficiency,

itisnecessarytodesign

akindof

convenientoperation

and

goodadaptability

oftransportationvehicle.

Takingthe

Mountainous

Orchard

geographic

environment,

inaviscous

soil

pavementwithout

road,

wheeledvehicle

adhesion

significantlylessthanthe

ground

withlargerarea

oftrackedvehicle,

thelatter

adaptability

tocomplextopography

isalsosignificantlybetterthan

theformer.(1)

canbe

steplessspeedregulation

and

widespeedrange,

suchasthe

ratioof

maximumspeed

and

minimumspeed

ofthehydraulicmotor

toachievethe

1000:1.(2)

cangeta

stable

lowspeed,

suchas

stablespeed

pistonhydraulicmotor

canbeaslowas1r/min.(3)

smoothtransmission,

simplestructure,

canabsorb

shockandvibration,

labor-savingoperation,

easyto

realizeautomaticcontrol.(4)

iseasytorealizethestandardization,

seriation,

universalization.Butbecauseof

the

bad

workingenvironment,

greatdamagetothebody,

seriouswearandtear.Thevarietyof

species

transportvehicle,

fromdifferentangles

onthe

division

to

write:(1)

towritethe

partition

accordingtothemain

transmissionmechanismAccordingto

whetherthe

main

mechanism

withhydraulicdrive,

mechanicaltransmission,

fullhydraulictransmissionandnon

fullhydraulic

mountain

transportvehicle

division

(or

semi

hydraulic

transmissionintwo);(2)

accordingtothe

classification

ofthewalkingmechanism(1)

shouldhelp

improve

transport

in

MountainousOrchard

runthroughthe

design

ofcrawlerchassis

structure,whichhas

goodsteeringperformance,

strongclimbing

abilityand

antirollover

ability.(2)

to

walk

andcontrolsystem

shouldbeconducivetoimproving

themaneuverabilityof

thedesignof

thecrawlertransporter,

adapttothe

MountainousOrchard

transportoperations.(3)

transportvehicle

powertransmissionsystems

areconducivetopromotingthe

conveyor

traction,

bearingcapacity,

transportationefficiencyand

fueleconomy.(4)

thecarriagestructure

andwhole

layout

shouldoptimizethedesign,

improvethe

versatility

and

adaptabilityoftransport,

reduceusecost.MountainousOrchard

self-propelled

crawlertransporter

inadditiontoa

mountain

driving

ability

also

needtoworkathigh

load

conditions,

andshouldthereforebe

requiredtohave

areasonable

andcompact

layoutandstructureof

theoveralldesign.

Inthepower

aspect

shouldensurethatit

has

sufficient