Unit7

TheGloriousMessinessofEnglishRobertMacNeil1/33BackgroundInformationEnglish

isa

WestGermaniclanguage

thataroseinthe

Anglo-Saxon

n.盎格魯撒克遜人kingdomsof

England

andspreadintowhatwastobecomesouth-east

Scotland

undertheinfluenceofthe

Anglian

盎格魯方言

medievalkingdomofNorthumbria

n.諾林伯利亞（中世紀時在英國北方王國）.Followingtheeconomic,political,military,scientific,cultural,andcolonialinfluenceof

GreatBritain

andtheUnitedKingdomfromthe18thcentury,viathe

BritishEmpire,andoftheUnitedStatessincethemid-20thcentury,

ithasbeen

widelydispersedaroundtheworld,becomethe

leadinglanguage

ofinternationaldiscourse.2/3301.estimate

['estimeit]

n.估價,預計v.預計,估價,評價例句:Heishighlyestimatedamonghiscolleagues.

同事們對他評價很高。Theyestimatedthenumberofvisitorsat10million.

他們預計參觀者人數為1000萬。3/3301.estimate

2

v

~sth(atsth)formanapproximateideaofsth;calculateroughlythecost,size,value,etcofsth預計:Weestimatedhisincomeat/tobeabout8000ayear.我們預計他一年收入大約8000英鎊.*她預計這項工作需要三個月.Sheestimatedthattheworkwouldtakethreemonths.~forsthcalculatetheprobablepriceof(aspecifiedjob)估算（某項工作）費用:Weaskedourbuildertoestimatefortherepairoftheceiling.我們要求營造商估算一下修理天花板費用.4/3302.hitparade流行歌曲排行榜

The

hitparadeisthelistofCDswhichhavesoldmostcopiesoverthepreviousweekormonth.(OLD-FASHIONED)

=chartsregionalprotectionism地方保護主義

Tradeprotectionism貿易保護主義FreeTradeandProtectionism自由貿易與保護主義5/3302.外來詞：loanword,foreignword,adoptedword,alienword外來詞，也稱為借詞或外來語，一個語言從別語言借來詞匯。漢語外來詞形式有音譯、音譯加表意、音譯與意譯結合、直接借用四種主要形式。可樂(Coke)，沙發(Sofa)，隨身聽(Walkman)，紐約(NewYork)，芭蕾(ballet)….6/3303.SuchisthegloriousmessinessofEnglish.英語就是這么一個標準大雜燴。7/3305.arouse

/??rauz;?ˋra?z/v~sb(fromsth)wakesbfromsleep喚醒某人:Hewasarousedfromhisnapbythedoorbell.他午睡時被門鈴吵醒.~cause(sth)toappear;awaken引發（某事物）;激發:Herstrangebehaviourarousedoursuspicions.她不尋常舉動引發我們猜疑..~sb(from/outofsth)causesbtobecomeactive鼓動﹑勉勵﹑激勵某人:arousesbfromapathy,inactivity,etc

勉勵某人活躍起來﹑活動起來等8/3305.stir

1

/st??(r);st?/v(-rr-)~sth(withsth)攪動,攪和,攪拌（液體等）:stirone'steawithaspoon用匙攪動茶~sthintosth;~sthin用攪拌方法將某物攙入另一物中:stirmilkintoacakemixture把牛奶攪和到做蛋糕混合料中(causesthto)moveslightly（使某物）微動:Notaleafwasstirring,ieTherewasnowindtomovetheleaves.樹葉一動都不動（無風）.

~sb(tosth)激勵,勉勵（某人）;激發（某人感情等）:Thestorystirredtheboy'simagination.那故事引發了那男孩幻想.(informalderogatory口,貶)causetroublebetweenpeople(espbytellinguntruestories,gossiping,etc)搬弄是非（尤指以不實之詞﹑流言蜚語等）:Who'sbeenstirring?

是誰搬弄是非?(idm習語)stirone's/the`bloodrousesbtoexcitementorenthusiasm使某人血液沸騰;使某人激動或興奮:Themusicreallystirredmyblood.這音樂確實使我非常激動.(phrv)stirsbup

rousesbtoaction鼓動某人采取行動:Heneedsstirringup.他需要勉勵.stirsthupcause(trouble,etc)惹起（麻煩等）:stiruptrouble,unrest,discontent,etcamongtheworkers

在工人中挑起事端﹑煽起動蕩﹑激起不滿情緒等9/3305.stirrer

n(infmlderog口,貶)經常搬弄是非人;搗亂分子.

stirring

adj[通常作定語]veryexciting令人興奮;激感人心:stirringadventurestories

扣人心弦冒險故事.

stirringlyadv.

#`stir-fryv(pt,pp-fried)cook(vegetables,meat,etc)byfryingthemforashorttimeinveryhotoilwhilestirringthem（用旺火）快炒（蔬菜﹑肉等）.norientaldishmadeinthisway（東方式）炒菜.stir

2

n(idm習語)instir(sl俚)inprison坐牢.10/3306.foreffect：做樣子,為了給人良好印象,裝門面；為得到效果11/3307.invade

/?n?ve?d;?nˋved/v~(sth)(withsth)enter(acountryorterritory)witharmedforcesinordertoattack,damageoroccupyit武裝進入（一國或一領地）;侵犯;侵入;侵略:Heorderedthearmytoinvadeatdawn.他命令軍隊拂曉侵入該國.AlexandertheGreatinvadedIndiawithalargearmy.亞歷山大大帝曾率領大軍入侵印度.尤用於被動語態

(fig比喻)enter(sth)inlargenumbers,espsoastocausedamage;crowdinto涌入（某事物）（尤指為破壞）;侵襲:Thecancercellsmayinvadeotherpartsofthebody.癌細胞可能侵襲身體其它部分.acityinvadedbytourists游客大批涌入城市amindinvadedwithworries,anxieties,etc

充滿煩惱﹑焦慮等心境.interferewith(sth);intrudeon干擾（某事物）;侵擾:invadesb'srights,privacy,etc

侵犯某人權利﹑隱私權等.invadernpersonorthingthatinvades侵入人或物;武裝進入者;侵犯者.12/3307.B.C.abbr.公元前（BeforeChrist）；中心間距（BetweenCenters）；化學學士（BachelorofChemistry）；商學士（BachelorofCommerce）A.D.

['ei'di:]

abbr.<拉>公元(=AnnoDomini）13/3307.Celt

[selt]

n.凱爾特人(印歐民族一支)inhabit

[in'h?bit]

v.居住于,占據,棲息例句:Fishinhabitthesea.

魚棲息于海中。Onlyafewpeopleinhabitedtheisland.

只有少數人在這個島上居住。14/3308.Sanskrit['s?nskrit]Sanskritn.梵語adj.梵語BuddhistSanskrit：佛教梵語；佛教梵文ClassicalSanskrit：古典梵語；古典梵文descended

[di'sendid]

descendedfrom~adj.為...后代,出身于...動詞descend過去式和過去分詞形式例句:Thesundescendedbehindthehills.

太陽下山了。Adoubleblessinghasdescendeduponthehouse.雙喜臨門。15/3308.Asystematicstudyrevealedthatmanymodernlanguagesdescendedfromacommon

parent

language,losttousbecausenothingwaswrittendown.系統研究揭示,許各種當代語言來自同一母語,這種語言因無文字記載而失傳。16/3309.comeupwithIfyoucomeupwithaplanoridea,youthinkofitandsuggestit.想出計劃，提出計劃Severalofthemembershavecomeupwithsuggestionsoftheirown...很多組員都提出了自己計劃…Ifyoucomeupwithasumofmoney,youmanagetoproduceitwhenitisneeded.提供錢財IfWarrencancomeupwiththe$15million,we'llgotoLondon.假如華倫能拿出一千五百萬元，咱就去倫敦。17/3309.Indo-Europeanlanguage

印歐語drift

[drift]

vi.漂流,漂移,吹積,漂泊,偏離vt.使漂流,使堆積n.漂流,趨勢,漂泊,大意,要旨,聽任,[地]冰磧,水平巷道例句:Shefinallydriftedintwohoursaftereveryoneelse.

在大家到齊之後兩小時，她終於姍姍來到。Atinyfishingboatwasdriftingslowlyalong.

一只小小漁船在緩緩地漂去。Theroadwasedgedwithsnowdrifts.

路邊上有一個個雪堆。driftedapart~漸漸疏遠18/3312.disciple

[di'saipl]

n.弟子,門徒,信徒例句:HeisadevoutdiscipleoftheBuddhas.

他是佛教一名虔誠信徒。Wearedisciplesoftheartisticleader.

我們是那位藝術領袖追隨者。19/3312.martyr

['mɑ:t?]

n.烈士,殉道者,(因病等)長久受苦者vt.殺害,折磨例句:HewasmartyredbytheRomans.

他被羅馬人處死而成為殉道者。Shediedamartyrforliberty.

她為自由而捐軀。~tosth(infml口)constantsuffererfromsth長久受某物之苦:She‘samartyrtoheartdiseases.她長久受心臟病折磨.

20/3313.Viking

['vaiki?]

n.北歐海盜,斯堪納維亞人Scandinavia

[.sk?ndi'neivi?]

n.斯堪納維亞（北歐地名）OldNorse

n.古斯堪那維亞語21/3313.ButOldNorseandEnglishbothsurvived,andsoyoucanrearachild(English)orraiseachild(Norse).但北歐語和英語都留存下來了,所以養孩子既可用英語詞rear又可用北歐語詞raise。rear[ri?]vt.培養；樹立；栽種vi.暴跳；高聳adv.在后面；向后adj.后面；[軍]后方；后面n.后面；[美俚]屁股；后方部隊22/3314.Norman

['n?:m?n]

n.諾曼(男子名)n.法國諾曼底人,諾曼底語adj.諾曼底,諾曼底人(語)例句:ThischurchisafineexampleofNormanarchitecture.

這座教堂是經典諾曼式建筑。23/3314.sovereign

['s?vrin]

n.元首,金鎊adj.含有主權,至高無上,極好例句:Noearthlysovereigncandowhathepleases.

沒有一個世間君王能夠為所欲為。SultanissovereignrulerofcertainMuslimcountries.

蘇丹是一些穆斯林國家最高統治者。Thepapalauthorityissovereign.

羅馬教皇權力是至高無上。24/3315.WilliamCaxton

(ca.1415~1422–ca.March1492)wasanEnglishmerchant,

diplomat,

writer

and

printer.Asfarasisknown,hewasthefirstEnglishpersontoworkasaprinterandthefirsttointroducea

printingpress

intoEngland.HewasalsothefirstEnglishretailerofprintedbooks(hisLondoncontemporariesinthesametradewereallDutch,GermanorFrench).

（威廉?卡克斯頓；1422～1491）英國第一個印刷商，在莎士比亞之前對英語影響最大人。到1491年逝世時，他出版了約100本書，其中有24本是他自己譯作。他印刷書中其中也包含《坎特伯雷故事集》、《特洛伊勒斯與克里希達》、《羅賓漢故事小唱》和馬洛里《亞瑟王之死》。25/3315.springfrom

起源于例句:Heissprungfromnobleancestors.

他出身名門。Whereonearthdidyouspringfrom?

你是打哪兒冒出來?Springup快速生長26/33pouronto：涌到...上，把…淋到…上pouronto大量地飲酒drinkdeep...pouroilontotheflame：火上澆油pourout

傾訴，傾吐，傾瀉pouroutinto傾注27/3315.capsule

[?k?psju:l]n.膠囊(劑)；航天艙，密封艙

habitual

adj[attrib作定語]regular;usual慣常;通常:hishabitualplaceatthetable

他慣常坐在桌旁位子.doneconstantlyorasahabit經常做;習認為常:theirhabitualmoaning

他們那經常不停呻吟.habitually/-t?u?l?;-t???l?/advusually;regularly通常地;Tomishabituallylateforschool.湯姆上學經常遲到.28/33catastrophe

/k??t?str?f?;k?ˋt?str?f?/nsuddengreatdisasterormisfortune突如其來大災難或大災禍:Theearthquakewasaterriblecatastrophe.這次地震是可怕災難.catastrophic/?k?t??str?f?k;?k?t?ˋstr