宜賓市普通高中2020級第二次診斷性測試英語(考試時間：120分鐘滿分：150分)第一部分聽力(共兩節，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?A.Weather.B.Travel.C.Study.2.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inanoffice.B.Inabank.C.Inahospital.3.Whatwillthemandrink?A.CocaCola.B.Beer.C.Sodawater.4.Whatdoesthemanwanttoorder?A.TVsets.B.Machines.C.Personalputers.5.Whatistheman’sproblem?A.Heisthirty.B.Heissick.C.Heistired.第二節(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾道小題。從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，每小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6至8題。6.Whathappenedtotheman?A.Helockedhimselfout.B.Hewasknockeddownbyacar.C.Hefoundhishousebrokeninto.7Whatisthewomanprobably?A.Adriver.B.Adoctor.C.Apolicewoman.8.Whatisthewomanmostprobablygoingtodo?A.Lookroundthehouse.B.Talktotheman’swife.C.Lockallthewindows.聽第7段材料,回答第9至11題。9.What’sthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Interviewerandinterviewee.B.Employerandemployee.C.Professorandstudent.10.Wheredothewoman’sforeignteachersefrom?A.America.B.England.C.Australia.11.Howmanyhourswillthewomanworkforeverydayifsheisemployed?A.Fourhours.B.Fivehours.C.Sixhours.聽第8段材料,回答第12至14題。12.WhydoesthewomanmentiontheSaharaDesert?A.ShewatchedaTVprogramaboutitlastnight.B.Shethinksitisthelargestdesertintheworld.C.Sheknowsthatthemanlikesforeignthings.13.Whatkindoffilmdoesthewomanlikeactually?A.Lovefilms.B.Travelfilms.C.Horrorfilms.14.Whatcanwelearnabouttheman?A.Hedislikeseatinglunchwiththewoman.B.Helikestotrynewfood.C.Hegetssickofchips.聽第9段材料,回答第15至17題。15.HowdidRebeccalosemuchweight?A.Shewasonadietandexercising.B.Shehadtoomuchwork.C.Shehadtoomuchsport.16.WhatsportdoesRebeccalikebest?A.Baseball.B.Volleyball.C.Soccer.17.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.Themanwasontheschoolfootballteam.B.Teamworkisofgreatimportanceinthematch.C.Thefootballteampracticedfivehoursaday.聽第10段材料,回答第18至20題。18.Whatweredogsmainlyusedforintheolddays?A.Food.B.Hunting.C.Protection.19.Whydopeopleincitieskeepdogsnow?A.Theywantthemtowatchhouses.B.Theyneedfriendship.C.Theyloveanimals.20.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.MostpeopleintheWeststillkeepdogsforprotection.B.Thedogisusefulforbothchildrenandadults.C.Peoplefeelmoreandmorelonely.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節，滿分40分)第一節(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ATAYKAHOTELDESALYou’vestayedathotelsmadeofbrickorwood.Butsalt?TaykaHoteldeSal,Tahua,Boliviaismademostlyofsalt,includingsomebeds－thoughyou’llsleepwithregularmattressesandblankets.Thehotel,about$130anight,sitsontheborderofSalardeUyuni.It’saprehistoricdrieduplakeandtheworld’sbiggestsaltflat.Buildersusethesaltfromtheover4,000squaremileflattomakethebricksandgluethemtogetherwithapasteofwetsalt.Thewetsaltwillhardenwhenitdries.Whenrainstartstodissolvethehotel,it’snoproblem:theownersjustmixupmoresaltpastetostrengthenthebricks.COOLTHINGSABOUTBOLIVIADuringrainysummermonths,Bolivia’sSalardeUyunisaltflatlookslikeagiantmirror.ThebusstationinLaPazwasdesignedbyGustavEiffel.HealsodesignedtheEiffelTowerandtheStatueofLiberty.EveryAugustinBolivia,dogsarehonoredduringtheFeastofSt.Roch.THINGSTODOINBOLIVIAEnjoyasalte－abakedpastryfilledwithspicymeat－fromastreetvenderinCochabamba.TakeaboattoIsladelSol,anislandinLakeTiticaca.Motorizedvehiclesaren’tallowedthere.WalkuptotheGateoftheSun,ahugestonedoorwaybuiltbytheancientTiwanakuculture.DancewiththousandsofmaskedandcostumedperformersattheCarnivaldeOruro.1.WhatkindoffeaturedoesTaykaHoteldeSalhave?AItisbuiltlargelyoutofsalt.B.Itisataveryhighaltitude.C.Itisfirminrainydays.D.Itisattractiveinpriceandquality.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutBolivia?A.Boliviaisabundantinnaturalresources.B.ThepeopleinBoliviaprobablyrespectdogs.C.Motorvehiclesareprohibitedeverywhere.D.BolivianbuildingsweredesignedbyGustavEiffel.3.WhatcanvisitorsdoinBolivia?A.TheycanstudyTiwanakuculture.B.Theycancooklocalcuisinesinperson.C.TheycantraveltoIsladelSolbyboat.D.TheycansingwithnativesattheCarnival.【答案】1.A2.B3.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了在玻利維亞旅行的一些趣事。【1題詳解】細節理解題。根據TAYKAHOTELDESAL中“TaykaHoteldeSal,Tahua,Boliviaismademostlyofsalt,includingsomebeds－thoughyou’llsleepwithregularmattressesandblankets.”（玻利維亞塔瓦的泰卡薩爾酒店主要是用鹽建造的，包括一些床——盡管你會睡在普通的床墊和毯子上。）可知，泰卡薩爾酒店的特色是它主要是用鹽建造的。故選A項。【2題詳解】細節理解題。根據COOLTHINGSABOUTBOLIVIA中“EveryAugustinBolivia,dogsarehonoredduringtheFeastofSt.Roch.”（在玻利維亞，每年八月的圣羅赫節(FeastofSt.Roch)都會以狗為榮耀。）可知，關于玻利維亞，我們能了解到他們可能很尊重狗。故選B項。【3題詳解】細節理解題。根據THINGSTODOINBOLIVIA中“TakeaboattoIsladelSol,anislandinLakeTiticaca.”（乘船前往的的喀喀湖中的太陽島。）可知，游客在玻利維亞可以乘船前往太陽島。故選C項。BSachinozaalwaysseemedtocatchwhatevercoldandflugermswereflyingaround.Despitebeingonlyinhismidthirties,hefeltoutofshapeandoutofsorts.Herealizedthatifhedidn’tmakesomechanges,hisimmunefunctionwouldcontinueworseningwithage.“Ihaveafamilybackgroundofdiabetes,highcholesterol,andheartdisease,”addsOza.“Ihadtotakeaction.”ButOza’slifestylestoodintheway.HeclockedlongdaysworkinginfinanceinLondon,withlittleopportunitytobeactiveorfocusonhiswellbeing.HismutefromhishomeinOrpington,Kent,totheofficewasstressfulandtimeconsuming,andhewasspendingfartoomanyhoursstuckbehindhisdesk.Oza’sincreasinglysedentary(久坐不動的)lifestylehadrepercussions.Inadditiontocatchingbugseasily,helackedenergy,hisbodyached,andhefeltlethargic.“Myimmunesystemwasreallyweak,”recallsOza.“IknewthatIshouldn’tbefeelingthiswaybeforeevenhitting40.”Sohebegana15yearjourneytoexaminehishealthfully.Heconductedsomechangestohisdiet,introducingmorerawfruitsandvegetablesandcuttingdownonjunkfood.Hestartedgoingforrunsandbeganregulartraining,resistancetraining,andstretching.Healsobecameinterestedinmindfulness,practisingdeepbreathingandmeditation.Now49,Ozafeelslikeanewman.“Icatchcoldsfarlessfrequentlythanbefore,”hesays.Hisachesandpainshaveeased,hisstresslevelsarelower,andhesleepssoundly.“Inolongerwakeupintheearlyhours,whichhasmadeahugedifferenceinhowIfeel.”Therearemanyfactorsaffectingtheimmunesystemthatwecan’tcontrol—ageingweakensourimmunefunction,forexample,andwehaveindividualgeneticdifferencesthataffecthowwedealwithdiseases.4.WhatwasthebarrierforOzatomakechangesbefore?A.Hisimmunesystem.B.Hisfamilybackground.C.Hisunfavourablelifestyle.D.Hisweakhealthsituation.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“lethargic”mean?A.Puzzled. B.Sleepy. C.Unconfident. D.Energetic.6.HowhasOzaregainedhealth?A.Bytakinga15yearjourney.B.BygivinguphisjobinLondon.C.Byeatingrawfruitsandvegetables.D.Bychangingdietsandkeepingtraining.7.WhatdoyouthinkofOzaaccordingtohisexperience?A.Busy. B.Determined. C.Intelligent. D.Dull.【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文，文章主要講述Oza在三十多歲時由于不良生活方式身體很虛弱，他決心作出改變，開始改變飲食和堅持運動，通過長達15年的堅持重獲健康的故事。【4題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二段首句“ButOza’slifestylestoodintheway.(但是Oza的生活方式成為了阻礙)”可知，Oza久坐的生活方式阻礙著他作出改變。故選C。【5題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞上文“Oza’sincreasinglysedentary(久坐不動的)lifestylehadrepercussions.Inadditiontocatchingbugseasily,helackedenergy,hisbodyache(越來越久坐的生活方式產生了不良影響。除了容易生病，他還缺乏精力，身體疼痛)”可知，此處是描述Oza久坐不動的生活方式對身體造成的負面影響，由此推知lethargic意為“昏昏欲睡”。故選B。【6題詳解】細節理解題。根據第四段中“Heconductedsomechangestohisdiet,introducingmorerawfruitsandvegetablesandcuttingdownonjunkfood.Hestartedgoingforrunsandbeganregulartraining,resistancetraining,andstretching.(他對自己的飲食進行了一些改變，引入了更多的生水果和蔬菜，減少了垃圾食品的攝入量。他開始跑步，并開始定期訓練，阻力訓練和拉伸)”可知，Oza通過改變飲食和堅持訓練重獲健康。故選D。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據全文內容，結合第四段首句“Sohebegana15yearjourneytoexaminehishealthfully.(于是，他開始了長達15年的旅程，全面檢查自己的健康狀況)”可知，Oza在三十多歲時由于不良生活方式身體很虛弱，他決心作出改變，開始改變飲食和堅持運動，通過長達15年的堅持重獲健康，所以他是一個有決心的人。故選B。CNoisepollutionisoneoftheseriousyetleastrecognizedhealththreatsofourtime.Noiseincreaserisksofheartdisease,cognitivedamageanddevelopmentaldelays.Now,scientistsarerevealingthatnonhumans,too,sufferfromnoisepollutionandthattheyarefarmoresensitivethanhumans.Also,marineanimalsseeandsensetheworldthroughsound,whichtravelsfartherunderwaterthanlight.Butscientistsarenowrevealingthatavastrangeofmarinecreaturesareextremelysensitivetosound.Therangeofnegativeeffectscausedbymarinenoisepollutionisastonishing:delayeddevelopment,slowgrowthetc.Aquatic(水生的)plantsarehighlysensitivetosound.Takemarineseagrassforexample,justlikeforestsonland,seagrassisacarbonsink,contributingtostabilizingourglobalclimate.Inthepastfewdecades,seagrassmeadowsthesizeoftheAmazonhavevanished.Climatechange,pollution,boatanchorsandthebuildingofseawallsandharborsarealllikelyfactors.AsresearchersattheTechnicalUniversityofCataloniahaverecentlydiscovered,wecannowaddnoisepollutiontothislistofthreats.WhenthescientistsexposedasampleofMediterraneanseagrasstopowerfulblastlevelsound,theseagrasswasseverelydamaged.Theirsensitivehearingisanadvantageinthedarkdepthsoftheocean,butitmakesaquaticorganismsveryvulnerable.Loudunderwatersoundscandamageordestroytheirhearingability.Theseeffectsoccuratmuchlowerintensities(強度)ofsoundthanareknowntobedamagingtoanimalsonland.Thesefindingsstressthevastthreatthatmarinenoisepollutionposestoouroceans.Asoffshoreoperationsfromseabedminingtooilandgasandrenewableenergyconstructionareincreasing,littlethoughthasbeengiventonoisepollution.Whileexposurelimitationlevelshaven’tyetbeendetermined,itisclearthatthisemergingsciencewillleadtonewrestrictionsonthepermittingandoperationsofmarineindustrialandshippingactivities.8.What’sthemainideaofparagraph1?A.Noisepollutionisthemostseriouspollution.B.Noisepollutionhardlyinfluencesmarinecreatures.C.Noisepollutionisregardedasthecauseofdiseases.D.Noisepollutionharmshumansandmarinecreatures.9.Whatisthefunctionofmarineseagrass?A.Ithashighsensitivitytolight.B.Itcankeepglobalclimatestable.C.Itcanadjustaquaticorganisms.D.Ithasweakhearingability.10.Whyisaquaticplants’hearingabilityeasilydamaged?A.Becauseit’ssensitivetotheintensitiesofunderwatersounds.B.Becausehumanshavedevelopedoceansquickly.C.Becausethereislackoflightinthedeepocean.D.Becauseaquaticplantsgrowratherslowly.11.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Marinenoisepollutionwillprobablybeimproved.B.Therestrictionsonmarinenoisehasbeenoperated.C.Oceantransportationandfisherywillbeforbidden.D.Theoceanwillbesharplythreatenedbynoisepollution.【答案】8.D9.B10.A11.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了海洋噪音給海洋生物帶來的危害。【8題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第一段“Noisepollutionisoneoftheseriousyetleastrecognizedhealththreatsofourtime.Noiseincreaserisksofheartdisease,cognitivedamageanddevelopmentaldelays.Now,scientistsarerevealingthatnonhumans,too,sufferfromnoisepollutionandthattheyarefarmoresensitivethanhumans.Also,marineanimalsseeandsensetheworldthroughsound,whichtravelsfartherunderwaterthanlight.Butscientistsarenowrevealingthatavastrangeofmarinecreaturesareextremelysensitivetosound.Therangeofnegativeeffectscausedbymarinenoisepollutionisastonishing:delayeddevelopment,slowgrowthetc.”（噪音污染是我們這個時代最嚴重的健康威脅之一，但卻很少有人認識到。噪音會增加心臟病、認知損傷和發育遲緩的風險。現在，科學家們發現，非人類也受到噪音污染的影響，而且它們比人類要敏感得多。此外，海洋動物通過聲音看到和感知世界，聲音在水下比光傳播得更遠。但科學家們現在發現，大量海洋生物對聲音極其敏感。海洋噪音污染造成的負面影響范圍是驚人的：發育遲緩，生長緩慢等）可知，第一段主要講的是噪音污染危害人類和海洋生物。故選D項。【9題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二段中“Takemarineseagrassforexample,justlikeforestsonland,seagrassisacarbonsink,contributingtostabilizingourglobalclimate.”（以海洋海草為例，就像陸地上的森林一樣，海草是碳匯，有助于穩定我們的全球氣候）可知，海草的功能是可以保持全球氣候穩定。故選B項。【10題詳解】細節理解題。根據倒數第二段“Theirsensitivehearingisanadvantageinthedarkdepthsoftheocean,butitmakesaquaticorganismsveryvulnerable.Loudunderwatersoundscandamageordestroytheirhearingability.Theseeffectsoccuratmuchlowerintensitiesofsoundthanareknowntobedamagingtoanimalsonland.”（它們靈敏的聽覺在黑暗的海洋深處是一種優勢，但這使水生生物非常脆弱。巨大的水下聲音會損害或破壞它們的聽力。這些影響發生在比已知的對陸地動物的損害低得多的聲音強度下）可知，水生植物的聽力容易受損是因為它對水下聲音的強度很敏感。故選A項。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段中“Whileexposurelimitationlevelshaven’tyetbeendetermined,itisclearthatthisemergingsciencewillleadtonewrestrictionsonthepermittingandoperationsofmarineindustrialandshippingactivities.”（雖然接觸限制水平尚未確定，但很明顯，這一新興科學將導致對海洋工業和航運活動的許可和操作提出新的限制）可推知，海洋噪音污染可能會得到改善。故選A項。DOvertheyearsIhavebeenfascinatedtoreadaboutstudiesintothepoweroftouch.Onefamousstudyexaminedvideofootageofhowpeoplerespondedtothosenearthemwhohadbeenthevictimofacrime.Observingtheirreactionandparingtheirbehaviorsinnonhumanprimates,researchersfoundthattherearestrikingsimilaritiesbetweenthewaysthathumansandprimatessuchaschimpanzeesfortoneanotheranddemonstratepassionandcare.Buttome,italsospeaksabouttheimportanceofclosenessandintimacy.Anotherstudyfoundthatholdinghandstofortalovedonecanactuallyreducetheirpain.Itfoundthatwhenpeoplewhoareclosetooneanotherholdhands,theirbodiessynchronize(同步)theirheartrateandbreathingrate.Perhapsweshouldn’tbesurprised,aswehaveknownformanyyearsabouttheimportanceoftouch.Itsymbolizessafetyandlovewhichisoneofthemostimportantaspectsfordevelopmentasachild.Isitanywonderthat,whenweareupset,distressedandvulnerableasadults,weseekoutthesamething?Thevalueoftouchwasdemonstratedbyaseriesofdisturbingexperimentsonmonkeysbackinthe1950sbyHarryHarlow,anAmericanpsychologist.Hisworkshowedtheincrediabledriveforwarmthandintimacythatwehave.Inhisexperiments,hetookyoungmonkeysandplacedthemindifferentenclosures.Whengivenachoicebetweenasurrogate(替代)“mother”toclingtomadeofwiremeshthathadareadysupplyofmilkorawarm,softmotherthatdidn’tprovideanyfood,theychose,toeveryone’sastonishment,thefortoverfood.Thisflewinthefaceofwhatwasexpected.Yetthisappearedtoshowthatitwasnotfood,butbeingfortedandintimate,thatwasthemostimportant.Theexperimentsshowedforthefirsttimehowvitalthefeelingofbeinglovedistous.12.Whatcanbelearnedfromparagraph1?A.Humanshavedifferentbehaviorsfromchimpanzeesbeforeviolence.B.paringbehaviorofhumansandprimatesisnecessary.C.fortingthevictimsofviolenceisimportant.D.Humansandprimatesresembleinsomeway.13.Whichexampleshowstheimportanceofclosenessandintimacy?A.Givinganupsetchildcandiescanforthim.B.Observingavictim’sreactionreleaseshispain.C.Touchingapatient’shandscanmakehimlessdistressed.D.Holdingthesameheartrateillustratesthecloserelationship.14.Whydidthepeoplefeelsurprisedattheexperimentresults?A.Becausetheyfoundthemonkeyswerenothungryatall.B.Becausethemonkeyscouldfortthesurrogatemother.C.Becausethesoftmotherdidn’tprovideanyfoodforthemonkeys.D.Becausetheyalwaysassumedthatfoodwasmostlikelytobechosen.15.Whatcanbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A.ThePowerofTouchB.HowtofortaLovedOneC.HoldingHandsReducesPainD.LoveandSafetyisEssential【答案】12.D13.C14.D15.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文，文章通過一系列研究表明了觸摸的力量。【12題詳解】細節理解題。根據第一段中“researchersfoundthattherearestrikingsimilaritiesbetweenthewaysthathumansandpimatessuchaschimpanzeesfortoneanotheranddemonstratepassionandcare(研究人員發現，人類和靈長類動物如黑猩猩相互安慰、表現出同情和關懷的方式有驚人的相似之處)”可知，人類和靈長類動物在某些方面很相似。故選D。【13題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二段中“Buttome,italsospeaksabouttheimportanceofclosenessandintimacy.Anotherstudyfoundthatholdinghandstofortalovedonecanactuallyreducetheirpain.(但對我來說，這也說明了親密和親昵的重要性。另一項研究發現，牽手安慰所愛的人實際上可以減輕他們的痛苦)”可知，牽起病人的手可以減輕他的痛苦，這表明親密和親昵的重要性。故選C。【14題詳解】細節理解題。根據最后一段中“theychose,toeveryone’sastonishment,thefortoverfood.Thisflewinthefaceofwhatwasexpected.(令所有人驚訝的是，他們選擇了舒適而不是食物。這完全違背了人們的期望)”可知，人們總是認為食物是最有可能被選擇的，所以當猴子沒有選擇食物時人們感到很驚訝。故選D。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據全文內容，結合第一段中“OvertheyearsIhavebeenfascinatedtoreadaboutstudiesintothepoweroftouch.(多年來，我一直著迷于閱讀有關觸摸的力量的研究)”可知，文章通過一系列研究表明了觸摸的力量。故選A。第二節(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Developingfriendshipwithotherpeopleisessentialinourlivesduetoourownverynature.____16____Therefore,weneedtoloveandtobelovedtobeefullyhumanbeings,asloveisthehighestformwecanrelatewithothersandoneofthemostdistinctfeaturesofourspecies.Hereare4keypointstodevelopandsustainatruefriendship.Takeresponsibilityofyourownemotions.____17____Sometimeswecan’trealizethatwearepresentingthebadpowertohim/her.Beingawareofthat,wewouldbebetterifwetakeresponsibilityandembracetheemotionsthateupinourinnerworldinsteadofstoppingtherelationshiporblamingtheotherforwhatwearefeeling.____18____Theprimarygoaloffriendshipistolove,becausethisisourmostinherentneed.Butlovehasnootherobjectthanlove.Therefore,thevalueofourfriendshipwithothersisnotbecauseoftheusefulnessoftherelationship.Ourloveforapersonshouldnotdependontheircapacitytoimprovetheconditionsofourlife.Onthecontrary,feelingthejoyofhavingatruefriendshipiswhatweneed.Seekthegoodoftheotherperson.Whenweloveanotherperson,weseekthegoodoftheotherbecausewerejoiceintheirownhappiness.Therefore,ourseekingfortheotherperson’sgoodistotallydisinterested.____19____Actsoflovearemadeforitsownsake.Embracethedifferences.Friendshipdoesn’tmeanhavingthesameinterests,opinionsandmindsetastheotherperson.Friendshipisthereforeapracticeofunconditionallove,anopportunitytogrowtogethertowardsfulfillment,andajourneytounfoldthemostpreciouscapacitiesofahumanbeing.____20____A.Humanbeingsarerelationalbeings.B.Whynotcherishitwithyourownheart?C.Lookattheotherasanendnotasameans.D.Recognizethenecessityofthecloserelationship.E.Weusuallyblametheotherpersonforwhatwefeel.F.Themodeoffriendshipdiffersfrompersontoperson.G.Weservetheotherwithoutexpectinganythinginreturn.【答案】16.A17.E18.C19.G20.B【解析】【導語】本文為一篇說明文。文章介紹了培養和維持真正友誼的4個要點。【16題詳解】根據上文“Developingfriendshipwithotherpeopleisessentialinourlivesduetoourownverynature.(由于我們的天性，與他人發展友誼在我們的生活中是必不可少的。)”可知，人與人之間要發展友誼，A項“Humanbeingsarerelationalbeings.(人類是有關系的生物。)”，A項是對上文的原因解釋，下文“Therefore,weneedtoloveandtobelovedtobeefullyhumanbeings,asloveisthehighestformwecanrelatewithothersandoneofthemostdistinctfeaturesofourspecies.(因此，我們需要愛和被愛才能成為完整的人，因為愛是我們與他人聯系的最高形式，也是我們這個物種最鮮明的特征之一)”，A項與下文為因果關系，上下文銜接連貫順暢。故選A項。【17題詳解】本段主旨句為“Takeresponsibilityofyourownemotions.(對自己的情緒負責)”，E項“Weusuallyblametheotherpersonforwhatwefeel.(我們通常會因為自己的感受而責怪別人。)”，E項與主旨句的語意一致，emotion與whatwefeel為同義復現詞，故選E項。【18題詳解】根據下文“Theprimarygoaloffriendshipistolove,becausethisisourmostinherentneed.Butlovehasnootherobjectthanlove.Therefore,thevalueofourfriendshipwithothersisnotbecauseoftheusefulnessoftherelationship.Ourloveforapersonshouldnotdependontheircapacitytoimprovetheconditionsofourlife.(友誼的首要目標是愛，因為這是我們最內在的需要。但是愛除了愛沒有別的目的。因此，我們與他人友誼的價值并不在于這種關系的有用性。我們對一個人的愛不應該取決于他是否有能力改善我們的生活條件。)”可知，友誼的目的是愛，愛對方，而不是因為對方有能力改善我們的生活條件才愛對方，C項“Lookattheotherasanendnotasameans.(把對方視為目的，而不是手段。)”與本段的語意一致，適合作主旨句。故選C項。【19題詳解】根據本段主旨句“Seekthegoodoftheotherperson.(為他人著想)”，以及上文“Whenweloveanotherperson,weseekthegoodoftheotherbecausewerejoiceintheirownhappiness.Therefore,ourseekingfortheotherperson’sgoodistotallydisinterested.(當我們愛另一個人時，我們也會尋求對方好，因為我們為他們自己的幸福而高興。因此，為他人著想是完全無私的。)”可知，本段提及愛對方，就要無私地為對方著想，G項“Weservetheotherwithoutexpectinganythinginreturn.(我們為對方服務，不求任何回報。)”，句中的withoutexpectinganythinginreturn與上文totallydisinterested相呼應，銜接連貫順暢，故選G項。【20題詳解】根據上文“Friendshipisthereforeapracticeofunconditionallove,anopportunitytogrowtogethertowardsfulfillment,andajourneytounfoldthemostpreciouscapacitiesofahumanbeing.(因此，友誼是一種無條件的愛的實踐，是一個共同成長以實現自我的機會，是一個展現人類最寶貴能力的旅程。)”可知友誼的意義，B項“Whynotcherishitwithyourownheart?(為什么不用心去珍惜呢？)”，其中的it指代Friendship，B項順接上文，語意連貫。故選B項。第三部分語言知識運用(共兩節，滿分45分)第一節(共20小題;每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Onewellbelowfreezingmorning,IwalkedthroughthegroundsofOntarioPlace.Treeswerefrostedsculptures,andlargechunksofice____21____inthelake.Istoppedtotakeaphoto,andthat’swhenIsawthem:agroupofpeople____22____upanddowninthewater.Ididn’tquitebelievemyeyes.Theicewarriorsemergedfromthelake,theirskin____23____.Theywerelaughingandhuggingeachother.Watchingthem,Ifeltasurgeof____24____.Icalledout:“Youguysareawesome!”Onewomansmiledbackandsaid,“eandjoinus!Youcan____25____online.”WhenIgothome,Ididthatandreceiveda(n)____26____emailtellingmewhattobring.Thenightbeforemyfirstdip,Iwasexcitedandnervous.Icheckedthe____27____:itwas14C,or20CwithToronto’swellknownwindchill.Buttherewasn’tacancellationmessage.____28____,thedipwason.Thenextmorning,ayoungmanfirstledusthrough____29____andbreathingexercises.Then,alongwiththeothers,Iraninmybathing____30____andwatershoes.Togetherwebouncedupanddown,andthendashedintothe____31____.Wedippeddownuntiljustourheadsandhandswere____32____water,andyelledintothesky.Knowingitwasmyfirsttime,people____33____mealot.Whenweswambackoutofthewater,myskinwasbrightred.Itfelt____34____.Afterwe’dall___35___,wemetbackonthebeach,anddancedandsangbyasmallfiretowarmup.Icould____36____rememberthelasttimeI’dfeltsodelighted.Therearetimeswhenyoucantrytogetoutoffortzone.Itwon’t____37____everythinginourlives,ortheworldatlarge—butfor____38____reason,ithelps.NotonlywasIstrongerandmore____39____thanIhadthought,butalsodiscoveredastronginterestandaworldIhadn’tknownexisted.Asanotherwintersetsin,I’mmorethan____40____toembracethecoldagain.21.A.landed B.floated C.dropped D.faded22.A.jumping B.walking C.hiding D.jogging23.A.burning B.steaming C.rolling D.aching24.A.excitement B.calmness C.confusion D.sorrow25.A.dropout B.pickup C.signup D.standout26.A.application B.realization C.occupation D.confirmation27.A.risk B.expense C.situation D.forecast28.A.Apparently B.Temporarily C.Suitably D.Occasionally29.A.races B.ments C.introductions D.options30.A.suit B.type C.brand D.number31.A.river B.lake C.ocean D.stream32.A.around B.away C.above D.along33.A.protected B.observed C.impressed D.encouraged34.A.demanding B.disappointing C.amazing D.amusing35.A.bounced B.adjusted C.predicted D.changed36.A.hardly B.usually C.particularly D.merely37.A.manage B.fix C.reply D.satisfy38.A.any B.some C.other D.another39A.cleverer B.busier C.healthier D.hungrier40.A.able B.lucky C.free D.ready【答案】21.B22.A23.B24.A25.C26.D27.D28.A29.C30.A31.B32.C33.D34.C35.D36.A37.B38.B39.C40.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者學習冬泳的經歷。【21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：樹木成了結霜的雕塑，大塊的冰塊漂浮在湖中。A.landed著陸；B.floated漂浮；C.dropped落下；D.faded褪色。根據“largechunksofice”及常識可知，冰應是漂浮在湖面上。故選B。【22題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我停下來拍了張照片，就在那時我看到了他們：一群人在水里跳上跳下。A.jumping跳躍；B.walking走路；C.hiding躲藏；D.jogging慢跑。結合語境及下文“Togetherwebouncedupanddown(我們一起跳上跳下)”可知，冬泳的人在水里跳上跳下，此處和bounced同義。故選A。【23題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：冰雪戰士們從湖里冒出來，他們的皮膚冒著蒸汽。A.burning燃燒；B.steaming散發蒸汽；C.rolling翻滾；D.aching疼。根據“Theicewarriorsemergedfromthelake”和常識可知，冬泳的人從水里出來后身上會冒著熱氣，故選B。【24題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：看著他們，我感到一陣興奮。A.excitement興奮，激動；B.calmness冷靜；C.confusion困惑；D.sorrow悲傷。根據下文“Icalledout:‘Youguysareawesome!’(我大聲說：‘你們太棒了！’)”可知，作者感到很興奮。故選A。【25題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：你可以在網上報名。A.dropout退學；B.pickup撿起；C.signup報名；D.standout突出。根據上一句“eandjoinus!(來加入我們吧)”可知，她邀請作者加入，讓作者去網上報名。故選C。【26題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：回到家后，我照做了，然后收到了一封確認郵件，告訴我該帶什么。A.application申請；B.realization實現；C.occupation職業；D.confirmation確認。根據“Ididthat”可知，作者在網上報了名，然后收到一封確認郵件，告訴作者帶什么東西。故選D。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我查了一下天氣預報：零下14攝氏度，或者零下20攝氏度，加上多倫多著名的風寒。A.risk風險；B.expense費用；C.situation形勢；D.forecast預報。根據“itwas14C,or20CwithToronto’swellknownwindchill”可知，作者是查看天氣預報。故選D。【28題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：很明顯，游泳開始了。A.Apparently顯然，明顯地；B.Temporarily臨時地；C.Suitably合適地；D.Occasionally偶爾。根據上一句“Buttherewasn’tacancellationmessage.(但是沒有取消信息)”及下文作者開始參加冬泳練習可知，報名確認后無法取消，很明顯，作者要開始學習冬泳了。故選A。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：第二天早上，一個年輕人首先通過介紹和呼吸練習帶領我們。A.races比賽；B.ments評論；C.introductions介紹；D.options選擇。根據語境及空后“breathingexercises”可知，應是先向大家介紹，然后再做練習。故選C。【30題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，我和其他人一起穿著泳衣和水鞋跑了起來。A.suit套裝；B.type類型；C.brand品牌；D.number數字。根據下一句“Togetherwebouncedupanddown”可知，作者穿上泳衣和鞋子去游泳。故選A。【31題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們一起跳上跳下，然后沖進湖里。A.river河流；B.lake湖；C.ocean海洋；D.stream小溪。上文“andlargechunksofice____1____inthelake”提到人們是在一個湖里游泳。故選B。【32題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：我們往下潛，直到頭和手露出水面，然后對著天空大喊。A.around在……周圍；B.away距離……有多遠；C.above在……上面；D.along沿著。根據“andyelledintothesky”可知，作者是在頭露在水面之上時大喊。故選C。【33題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：知道這是我的第一次，人們給了我很多鼓勵。A.protected保護；B.observed觀察；C.impressed使留下深刻印象；D.encouraged鼓勵。根據“Knowingitwasmyfirsttime”可知，人們應是鼓勵新手。故選D。【34題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。