Unit1PastandpresentLearningaims:Afterthisperiod,youwillbeableto:knowaboutdifferentformsoftransport;talkabouttransportatdifferenttimes;learnsomebasiclanguageaboutpresentperfecttense(現在完成時).Howdoyougotoschooleveryday?Howdoyourparentsgotowork?Howwillyougoif…?yougotoXinjiekouforshoppingyougotovisitShanghaiDisneylandyourfamilygotoJapanfortheholidayYoutakedifferentformsoftransportwhenyougotodifferentplaces.DifferentformsoftransportItisacarwithadriver,andyouhavetopaythedrivertotakeyousomewhere.taxigoto…bytaxigoto…inataxitakethetaxito…DifferentformsoftransportIttravelsalongafixedroute(路線)andhasmanystopstoletpeoplegetonandoff.Itcantakeyoutomanyplacesbutdoesnotcostyoumuch.busgoto…bybusgoto…onabustakethebusto…Differentformsoftransportcoachgoto…bycoachgoto…onacoachtakethecoachto…(coaches)DifferentformsoftransportItrunsabovethegroundontrailsoveralongway.traingoto…bytraingoto…onatraintakethetrainto…DifferentformsoftransportThousandsofpeoplegotoworkoniteveryday.Itisfastandcheap.Itrunsundertheground.underground(subway/metro)goto…byundergroundtaketheundergroundto…DifferentformsoftransportItisthefastestwayoftravellingtoaplacefaraway,butitwillcostyoualotofmoney.plane/airplanegoto…byplanegoto…byairtaketheplaneto…flyto…buscoachplanetaxitrainundergroundcoachbustaxiundergroundtrainplaneDifferentformsoftransportOtherformsoftransportpublicbicyclesharedbicycleonlinecar-hailing(網約車)TransportatdifferenttimesTransportisdifferentatdifferenttimes.Transporthaschangedalotovertime.inthepastatpresentTrainsusedtobeslowinthepast.Trainsarefastatpresent.pastn.過去presentn.現在

inthepast在過去，常用于一般過去時和現在完成時

atpresent在現在，常用于一般現在時和現在進行時

這兒過去有一家電影院。Thereusedtobeacinemahereinthepast.

我現在正忙著，晚些時候我打電話給你行嗎?Iambusyatpresent.CanIphoneyoulater?Inthepast,animalslivedapeacefullife.WhenIwalkedpasttheroom,hewassinging.Hewalkedpastwithoutstopping.Thevillagehaschangedalotoverthepastyears.(n.過去)(prep.從…旁經過)(adv.經過)Thereisnocertaincureforthisillnessatpresent.Heboughtmeanicescarfasabirthdaypresent.Iampleasedwithmypresentjob.Anumberofpopstarswerepresentatthecharityshow.(adj.過去的)(n.現在)(n.禮物)(adj.現在的)(adj.出席的)Yesterdaywashistory,tomorrowisamystery,todayisagift,thatiswhyit'scalledthepresent.TransportatdifferenttimesinthepastNanjingundergroundusedtohaveonlyonelinein2005.Nanjingundergroundhastwelvelinesatpresent.atpresentDadMillieGotoschoolBy____.By____.WhyorWhynottakeabus?Therewere__________peopleandittooka__________towait.It’s_____and_____.bikebustoomanylongtimeeasyfastMillieandherdadaretalkingabouttransportatdifferenttimes.ListenandanswerHowdoyoufeelafteryou’velearntthisconversation?Thesocietyisdevelopingandtransporthaschangedalot.Iusedtorideabiketoschool.Howdidyougotoschoolwhenyou/Mum/

Dadwereaprimarystudent?Theyusedtogo….Whydidn’tyou…?Because….Howdoyougo…now?Igoto….It’s…Theworldchangeseveryday.Transporthaschanged.Somepeoplehavechangedovertimetoo.HaveEddieandHobochanged?HaveEddieandHobochanged?HaveEddieandHobochanged?Yes.Bothofthemhavechanged.InthepastAtpresentEddieHoboHeusedtosharefoodwithHobo.HehaseatenHobo’sfood.HeusedtobekindtoEddie.HeissoangrywithEddie.IfyouwereEddie,wouldyoueatupHobo’sfoodwithouttellinghim?IfyouwereHobo,wouldyoubeangrywithyourfriendinthissituation(情況)?Oh,whereismyfood?Itwasinthebowlanhourago.Eddie,haveyouseenmyfood?Yes,I’vejusteatenit.What?You’veeatenmyfood?Why?BecauseIwasveryhungry.You’vechanged,Eddie.Youusedtosharefoodwithme!You’vechangedtoo.Youusedtobesokindtome.ReadthedialoguealoudFillintheblanks:Hobo’sfood_______inthe________anhourago.Butitisn’ttherenow.Eddie______just_______itbecausehewas_________.HoboisangrywithEddie.HethinksEddie_________________.Eddie___________________hisfoodwithHobo.EddiethinksHobo_______________toobecauseHobo_____________________kindtohim.Bothofthem_______________!wasbowlhaseatenhungryhaschangedusedtosharehaschangedusedtobehavechangedOh,whereismyfood?Itwasinthebowlanhourago.Eddie,haveyouseenmyfood?Yes,I’vejusteatenit.What?You’veeatenmyfood?Why?BecauseIwasveryhungry.You’vechanged,Eddie.Youusedtosharefoodwithme!You’vechangedtoo.Youusedtobesokindtome.LanguagepointsHaveyouseenmyfood?I’ve(Ihave)justeatenit.You’ve(Youhave)changed.see-saw-seeneat-ate-eatenchange-changed-changedPresentperfecttense現在完成時have/has+V.ppI’vejusteatenit.我剛吃了它。*justadv.剛剛（指話音剛落，與現在有關的模糊過去時間，是現在完成時態的標志詞之一）justnow剛才（與現在無關的明確過去時間，只能用于過去的時態里，相當于amomentago）—你想要些吃的嗎？—不，謝謝。我剛吃了午餐?！猈ouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?—No,thanks.Ihavejusteatenmylunch.

他剛才吃了一點面包當午餐。Hehad/atesomebreadforhislunchjustnow.

好可惜！火車剛離開。Whatapity!Thetrainhasjustleft.

注意：just用于現在完成時常置于助動詞have/has和動詞的過去分詞之間。*haveeaten是現在完成時態(have是助動詞，eaten是動詞eat的過去分詞)

現在完成時：have/has+V.pp

現在完成時態可以表示過去發生的或已完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果；也可以表示過去發生的動作一直持續到現在并有可能繼續發展。西蒙今天早晨擦了黑板。Simoncleanedtheblackboardthismorning.（Wedon’tknowiftheblackboardiscleannow.）西蒙把黑板擦了。Simonhascleanedtheblackboard.（Theblackboardiscleannow.）李先生1990年住在上海。MrLilivedinShanghaiin1990.（Wedon’tknowwhereMrLilivesnow.）李先生自1990年就住在上海。MrLihaslivedinShanghaisince1990.（WeknowthatMrListilllivesinShanghainow.）haschangedhavetakenplaceHaveseenhaveI_________already_________(read)thebook._______

they_________(find)thelostchildyet?I____________(meet)hismansomewherebefore.I_______never________(hear)hersayanythingagainsthim.I__________(use)thispenonlythreetimes.Itisstillgood.havereadHavefoundhavemethaveheardhaveusedYouusedtobekindtome.你過去對我很好。Youusedtosharefoodwithme.你過去常和我分享食物。usedto是一個固定結構，它的意思是“過去經常、以前常?！?，它的后面用動詞原形，它表示過去存在某種狀態或者過去的某種經常性、習慣性的行為或者動作，并意味著這種動作目前已經不存在，所以它只能用一般過去時，不能用現在時態。*肯定形式：主語＋usedto＋動詞原形

我爺爺以前是一位歷史老師。Mygrandfatherusedtobeahistoryteacher.

我過去騎車上學，現在坐公交車上學。IusedtogotoschoolbybikebutnowIgotoschoolbybus.*否定形式：主語＋usednotto＋動詞原形/主語＋didn’tuseto＋動詞原形我過去不喜歡流行歌曲。Iusednottolikepopsongs.Ididn’tusetolikepopsongs.*一般疑問句形式：Used＋主語＋to＋動詞原形＋其他？/Did＋主語＋useto＋動詞原形＋其他？你的妹妹過去常常是很安靜嗎？

Usedyoursistertobequiet?Didyoursisterusetobequiet?*usedto可以用在therebe結構中表示“過去經常有”的意思，相當于Thereoncewas/were…過去這條小河有許多魚。Thereusedtobealotoffishinthisriver.拓展：beusedtodosth.與be/getusedto(doing)sth.*beusedtodosth.意為“被用來做某事”，是動詞短語use...todo的被動語態結構，to是不定式的符號，后接動詞原形，used是動詞的過去分詞。beusedtodosth.可以用各種時態。小刀是用來切東西的。Knivesareusedtocutthings.*be/getusedtodoingsth.意為“習慣于做某事”，to是介詞，后面接名詞或動名詞，它可以用現在、過去和將來等時態。

我爸爸習慣于住在小山村。Myfatherisusedtolivinginthevillage.

我不習慣喝咖啡。Iamnotusedtodrinkingcoffee.

我過去起床很晚，但現在習慣早起了。IusedtogetuplatebutnowIamusedtogettingupearly.Thereweretoomanypeopleonthebus,andittookalongtimetowaitforthenextone.

車上有太多人，而且等下一班車要花很長時間。

toomany意為“太多”，后接可數名詞復數。toomuch也可表示太多，但修飾不可數名詞。

書店里的書太多。我不知道該買哪一本。Therearetoomanybooksintheshop.Idon’tknowwhichonetobuy.ExercisesI’mafraidIhavenotimetohelpyouatp_______.Inoldt________,thereweren’tanytallbuildingsinourtown.Mymotherrodetoworkinthe__________(timethathasgoneby),butnowshedrivestowork.Milliewantstocollectsomeinformationaboutdifferentformsof__________(交通工具)inBeijing.—WhereismyT-shirt,Mum?—It______(be)onyourbedtenminutesago.—TherearegreatchangesinNanjing.—Yes,it_____________(change)alotovertheyears.—Areyouhungry,Jack?—No,I_______just_________(eat)inarestaurant.—__________you_________(see)myumbrella?—Yes,I__________(put)itonthechairjustnow.一、詞匯訓練resentimespasttransportwashaschangedhaveeatenHaveseenput三、單項選擇1.—________mydictionary?—Yes.Isawitonyourdeskamomentago. A.Haveyouseen B.Doyousee

C.Willyousee D.Wouldyousee2.Thetimetableofourschool_____.Wenowbeginourfirstclassat7:55a.m. A.change

B.haschanged C.willchange D.changing3.Thefactory_________itswasteintotheQinghuaiRiver.Butnowthe

governmenthastakenactiontostopit. A.usetoput B.wasusedtoput

C.usedtoput

D.wasusedtoputting4.Mybrotherhasbeen