Unit1PastandpresentLearningaims:Afterthisperiod,youwillbeableto:knowaboutdifferentformsoftransport;talkabouttransportatdifferenttimes;learnsomebasiclanguageaboutpresentperfecttense(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)).Howdoyougotoschooleveryday?Howdoyourparentsgotowork?Howwillyougoif…?yougotoXinjiekouforshoppingyougotovisitShanghaiDisneylandyourfamilygotoJapanfortheholidayYoutakedifferentformsoftransportwhenyougotodifferentplaces.DifferentformsoftransportItisacarwithadriver,andyouhavetopaythedrivertotakeyousomewhere.taxigoto…bytaxigoto…inataxitakethetaxito…DifferentformsoftransportIttravelsalongafixedroute(路線)andhasmanystopstoletpeoplegetonandoff.Itcantakeyoutomanyplacesbutdoesnotcostyoumuch.busgoto…bybusgoto…onabustakethebusto…Differentformsoftransportcoachgoto…bycoachgoto…onacoachtakethecoachto…(coaches)DifferentformsoftransportItrunsabovethegroundontrailsoveralongway.traingoto…bytraingoto…onatraintakethetrainto…DifferentformsoftransportThousandsofpeoplegotoworkoniteveryday.Itisfastandcheap.Itrunsundertheground.underground(subway/metro)goto…byundergroundtaketheundergroundto…DifferentformsoftransportItisthefastestwayoftravellingtoaplacefaraway,butitwillcostyoualotofmoney.plane/airplanegoto…byplanegoto…byairtaketheplaneto…flyto…buscoachplanetaxitrainundergroundcoachbustaxiundergroundtrainplaneDifferentformsoftransportOtherformsoftransportpublicbicyclesharedbicycleonlinecar-hailing(網(wǎng)約車(chē))TransportatdifferenttimesTransportisdifferentatdifferenttimes.Transporthaschangedalotovertime.inthepastatpresentTrainsusedtobeslowinthepast.Trainsarefastatpresent.pastn.過(guò)去presentn.現(xiàn)在

inthepast在過(guò)去，常用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

atpresent在現(xiàn)在，常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

這兒過(guò)去有一家電影院。Thereusedtobeacinemahereinthepast.

我現(xiàn)在正忙著，晚些時(shí)候我打電話給你行嗎?Iambusyatpresent.CanIphoneyoulater?Inthepast,animalslivedapeacefullife.WhenIwalkedpasttheroom,hewassinging.Hewalkedpastwithoutstopping.Thevillagehaschangedalotoverthepastyears.(n.過(guò)去)(prep.從…旁經(jīng)過(guò))(adv.經(jīng)過(guò))Thereisnocertaincureforthisillnessatpresent.Heboughtmeanicescarfasabirthdaypresent.Iampleasedwithmypresentjob.Anumberofpopstarswerepresentatthecharityshow.(adj.過(guò)去的)(n.現(xiàn)在)(n.禮物)(adj.現(xiàn)在的)(adj.出席的)Yesterdaywashistory,tomorrowisamystery,todayisagift,thatiswhyit'scalledthepresent.TransportatdifferenttimesinthepastNanjingundergroundusedtohaveonlyonelinein2005.Nanjingundergroundhastwelvelinesatpresent.atpresentDadMillieGotoschoolBy____.By____.WhyorWhynottakeabus?Therewere__________peopleandittooka__________towait.It’s_____and_____.bikebustoomanylongtimeeasyfastMillieandherdadaretalkingabouttransportatdifferenttimes.ListenandanswerHowdoyoufeelafteryou’velearntthisconversation?Thesocietyisdevelopingandtransporthaschangedalot.Iusedtorideabiketoschool.Howdidyougotoschoolwhenyou/Mum/

Dadwereaprimarystudent?Theyusedtogo….Whydidn’tyou…?Because….Howdoyougo…now?Igoto….It’s…Theworldchangeseveryday.Transporthaschanged.Somepeoplehavechangedovertimetoo.HaveEddieandHobochanged?HaveEddieandHobochanged?HaveEddieandHobochanged?Yes.Bothofthemhavechanged.InthepastAtpresentEddieHoboHeusedtosharefoodwithHobo.HehaseatenHobo’sfood.HeusedtobekindtoEddie.HeissoangrywithEddie.IfyouwereEddie,wouldyoueatupHobo’sfoodwithouttellinghim?IfyouwereHobo,wouldyoubeangrywithyourfriendinthissituation(情況)?Oh,whereismyfood?Itwasinthebowlanhourago.Eddie,haveyouseenmyfood?Yes,I’vejusteatenit.What?You’veeatenmyfood?Why?BecauseIwasveryhungry.You’vechanged,Eddie.Youusedtosharefoodwithme!You’vechangedtoo.Youusedtobesokindtome.ReadthedialoguealoudFillintheblanks:Hobo’sfood_______inthe________anhourago.Butitisn’ttherenow.Eddie______just_______itbecausehewas_________.HoboisangrywithEddie.HethinksEddie_________________.Eddie___________________hisfoodwithHobo.EddiethinksHobo_______________toobecauseHobo_____________________kindtohim.Bothofthem_______________!wasbowlhaseatenhungryhaschangedusedtosharehaschangedusedtobehavechangedOh,whereismyfood?Itwasinthebowlanhourago.Eddie,haveyouseenmyfood?Yes,I’vejusteatenit.What?You’veeatenmyfood?Why?BecauseIwasveryhungry.You’vechanged,Eddie.Youusedtosharefoodwithme!You’vechangedtoo.Youusedtobesokindtome.LanguagepointsHaveyouseenmyfood?I’ve(Ihave)justeatenit.You’ve(Youhave)changed.see-saw-seeneat-ate-eatenchange-changed-changedPresentperfecttense現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+V.ppI’vejusteatenit.我剛吃了它。*justadv.剛剛（指話音剛落，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的模糊過(guò)去時(shí)間，是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志詞之一）justnow剛才（與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)的明確過(guò)去時(shí)間，只能用于過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)里，相當(dāng)于amomentago）—你想要些吃的嗎？—不，謝謝。我剛吃了午餐。—Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?—No,thanks.Ihavejusteatenmylunch.

他剛才吃了一點(diǎn)面包當(dāng)午餐。Hehad/atesomebreadforhislunchjustnow.

好可惜！火車(chē)剛離開(kāi)。Whatapity!Thetrainhasjustleft.

注意：just用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常置于助動(dòng)詞have/has和動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞之間。*haveeaten是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)(have是助動(dòng)詞，eaten是動(dòng)詞eat的過(guò)去分詞)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has+V.pp

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)可以表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的或已完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果；也可以表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能繼續(xù)發(fā)展。西蒙今天早晨擦了黑板。Simoncleanedtheblackboardthismorning.（Wedon’tknowiftheblackboardiscleannow.）西蒙把黑板擦了。Simonhascleanedtheblackboard.（Theblackboardiscleannow.）李先生1990年住在上海。MrLilivedinShanghaiin1990.（Wedon’tknowwhereMrLilivesnow.）李先生自1990年就住在上海。MrLihaslivedinShanghaisince1990.（WeknowthatMrListilllivesinShanghainow.）haschangedhavetakenplaceHaveseenhaveI_________already_________(read)thebook._______

they_________(find)thelostchildyet?I____________(meet)hismansomewherebefore.I_______never________(hear)hersayanythingagainsthim.I__________(use)thispenonlythreetimes.Itisstillgood.havereadHavefoundhavemethaveheardhaveusedYouusedtobekindtome.你過(guò)去對(duì)我很好。Youusedtosharefoodwithme.你過(guò)去常和我分享食物。usedto是一個(gè)固定結(jié)構(gòu)，它的意思是“過(guò)去經(jīng)常、以前常常”，它的后面用動(dòng)詞原形，它表示過(guò)去存在某種狀態(tài)或者過(guò)去的某種經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的行為或者動(dòng)作，并意味著這種動(dòng)作目前已經(jīng)不存在，所以它只能用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，不能用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。*肯定形式：主語(yǔ)＋usedto＋動(dòng)詞原形

我爺爺以前是一位歷史老師。Mygrandfatherusedtobeahistoryteacher.

我過(guò)去騎車(chē)上學(xué)，現(xiàn)在坐公交車(chē)上學(xué)。IusedtogotoschoolbybikebutnowIgotoschoolbybus.*否定形式：主語(yǔ)＋usednotto＋動(dòng)詞原形/主語(yǔ)＋didn’tuseto＋動(dòng)詞原形我過(guò)去不喜歡流行歌曲。Iusednottolikepopsongs.Ididn’tusetolikepopsongs.*一般疑問(wèn)句形式：Used＋主語(yǔ)＋to＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其他？/Did＋主語(yǔ)＋useto＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其他？你的妹妹過(guò)去常常是很安靜嗎？

Usedyoursistertobequiet?Didyoursisterusetobequiet?*usedto可以用在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中表示“過(guò)去經(jīng)常有”的意思，相當(dāng)于Thereoncewas/were…過(guò)去這條小河有許多魚(yú)。Thereusedtobealotoffishinthisriver.拓展：beusedtodosth.與be/getusedto(doing)sth.*beusedtodosth.意為“被用來(lái)做某事”，是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)use...todo的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，to是不定式的符號(hào)，后接動(dòng)詞原形，used是動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。beusedtodosth.可以用各種時(shí)態(tài)。小刀是用來(lái)切東西的。Knivesareusedtocutthings.*be/getusedtodoingsth.意為“習(xí)慣于做某事”，to是介詞，后面接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，它可以用現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去和將來(lái)等時(shí)態(tài)。

我爸爸習(xí)慣于住在小山村。Myfatherisusedtolivinginthevillage.

我不習(xí)慣喝咖啡。Iamnotusedtodrinkingcoffee.

我過(guò)去起床很晚，但現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣早起了。IusedtogetuplatebutnowIamusedtogettingupearly.Thereweretoomanypeopleonthebus,andittookalongtimetowaitforthenextone.

車(chē)上有太多人，而且等下一班車(chē)要花很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。

toomany意為“太多”，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。toomuch也可表示太多，但修飾不可數(shù)名詞。

書(shū)店里的書(shū)太多。我不知道該買(mǎi)哪一本。Therearetoomanybooksintheshop.Idon’tknowwhichonetobuy.ExercisesI’mafraidIhavenotimetohelpyouatp_______.Inoldt________,thereweren’tanytallbuildingsinourtown.Mymotherrodetoworkinthe__________(timethathasgoneby),butnowshedrivestowork.Milliewantstocollectsomeinformationaboutdifferentformsof__________(交通工具)inBeijing.—WhereismyT-shirt,Mum?—It______(be)onyourbedtenminutesago.—TherearegreatchangesinNanjing.—Yes,it_____________(change)alotovertheyears.—Areyouhungry,Jack?—No,I_______just_________(eat)inarestaurant.—__________you_________(see)myumbrella?—Yes,I__________(put)itonthechairjustnow.一、詞匯訓(xùn)練resentimespasttransportwashaschangedhaveeatenHaveseenput三、單項(xiàng)選擇1.—________mydictionary?—Yes.Isawitonyourdeskamomentago. A.Haveyouseen B.Doyousee

C.Willyousee D.Wouldyousee2.Thetimetableofourschool_____.Wenowbeginourfirstclassat7:55a.m. A.change

B.haschanged C.willchange D.changing3.Thefactory_________itswasteintotheQinghuaiRiver.Butnowthe

governmenthastakenactiontostopit. A.usetoput B.wasusedtoput

C.usedtoput

D.wasusedtoputting4.Mybrotherhasbeen