現代語言學年月真題

00830202210

1、【單選題】Ofthefollowingbranches,______doesnotbelongtothecoreof

linguistics.

semantics

phonology

A:

syntax

B:

sociolinguistics

C:

答D:案：D

解析：Thecoreoflinguistics：Phonetic（語音學），Phonology（音位學），

Morphology（形態學），Synax（句法學），Semantics（語義學），Pragmatics（語用

學）。

2、【單選題】Thestudyofthesoundsfromthespeaker'spointofview,i.e.,how

aspeakeruseshisspeechorganstoarticulatethesoundsiscalled______.

auditoryphonetics

acousticphonetics

A:

articulatoryphonetics

B:

generalphonetics

C:

答D:案：C

解析：發音語音學是從說話人的角度來研究聲音的，也就是說，說話人如何使用他的語言

器官來發音。

3、【單選題】Oftheaffixes(italicized)inthefollowingwords,______isa

inflectionalaffix.

dis-like

in-correct

A:

fast-est

B:

teach-er

C:

答D:案：C

解析：屈折詞綴或屈折語素表示數、時、度、格等不同的語法關系或語法范疇。保留下來

的包括:-ed，-ed，，-en，-ing，-’s，-er，-est

4、【單選題】AnothernameforChomsky'stheoryofuniversalgrammar(UG)is

______theory.

functionalsystemic

languageacquisition

A:

principles-and-parameters

B:

cognitivelexical

C:

答D:案：C

解析：自20世紀80年代初以來，諾姆·喬姆斯基和其他生成語言學家提出并發展了一種

普遍語法理論(UG)，稱為原則和參數理論。

5、【單選題】ThesemantictrianglesuggestedbyOgdenandRichardscanbest

illustratethe______viewonthestudyofmeaning.

behaviorist

conceptualist

A:

constructivist

B:

humanist

C:

答D:案：B

解析：概念主義觀點認為，語言形式和它所指的東西之間(即語言和現實世界之間)沒有直

接聯系;相反，在對意義的解釋中，它們是通過心靈中概念的中介聯系在一起的。奧格登

和理查茲提出的經典意義語義三角最能說明這一點。

6、【單選題】Accordingto______，speechactsfallintofivegeneral

categories:representatives,directives,commissives,expressivesanddeclarations.

Austin

Grice

A:

Searle

B:

Sapir

C:

答D:案：C

解析：根據約翰·塞爾的理論，言語行為可以分為五大類

7、【單選題】Theword“brunch"iscreatedbythewordformationruleof

______，whichmeanscombiningpartsofotherwords.

acronym

blending

A:

B:

abbreviation

clipping

C:

答D:案：B

解析：混合是將單詞的各個部分組合成新詞的過程。比如，霧霾，早午餐。

8、【單選題】Themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialect

isits______.

grammar

accent

A:

vocabulary

B:

writing

C:

答D:案：B

解析：一個地方方言最顯著的語言特征是它的口音。口音指的是一種發音方式，它能告訴

聽者說話者的地區或社會背景。它要區別于方言這個詞，方言描述的是語法，詞匯和發音

的組合特征。

9、【單選題】Whorfproposedastrongnotionoflinguisticdeterminismthatall

higherlevelsofthinkingaredependenton______.

speaking

language

A:

speech

B:

writing

C:

答D:案：B

解析：沃爾夫首先提出，所有更高層次的思維都依賴于語言。或者更直白地說，語言決定

思維，因此才有了語言決定論的強烈概念。

10、【單選題】Atsomepointduringthesecondyearoflife,childrenundergo

______stage,utteringsentenceslike“Babychair",“Doggiebark",“Appleme”.

babbling

one-word

A:

two-word

B:

multiword

C:

答D:案：C

解析：兒童的雙詞話語可以表達一定的由詞序所指示的語法關系。比如：Babychair，

Daddyhat，Mummysock，Doggiebark.

11、【判斷題】Theabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofa

speechcommunityisreferredtoparole.

正確

錯誤

A:

答B:案：B

解析：F。改正：Languereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyall

themembersofaspeechcommunity,andparolereferstotherealizationof

langueinactualuse.

12、【判斷題】PhonologicalrulespermissibleinEnglishmightnotbepermissible

inanotherlanguage.

正確

錯誤

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T。

13、【判斷題】Suffixesareaddedtotheendofstems;theymodifythemeaningof

theoriginalwordandinmanycaseschangeitspartofspeech.

正確

錯誤

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T。

14、【判斷題】Thesyntacticrulesofanynaturallanguageareinfiniteinnumber,

andyetthereisafinitenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguage

areabletoproduceandunderstand.

正確

錯誤

A:

答B:案：B

解析：F。改正：theycanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberof

sentences.

15、【判斷題】Intermsoftruthcondition,thesentence"Thetablehasbad

intentions"issemanticallyanomalous.

正確

錯誤

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T。

16、【判斷題】Utteranceisbasedonsentencemeaning,whichistherealization

oftheabstractmeaningofasentenceinacontext.

正確

錯誤

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T。

17、【判斷題】Culturaltransmissionhasnoeffectonlanguagechange.

正確

錯誤

A:

答B:案：B

解析：F。改正：Culturaltransmissionhaseffectsonlanguagechange.

18、【判斷題】Fromalinguisticpointofview,anethniclanguagevarietysuch

asBlackEnglishisastandarddialectofAmericanEnglish.

正確

錯誤

A:

答B:案：B

解析：F。改正：BlackEnglishisanonstandarddialectofAmericanEnglish.

19、【判斷題】Ifachilddoesnotacquirelanguageduringthecriticalperiod

foranyreason,heorsheislikelytolearnalanguagesuccessfullylateron.

正確

錯誤

A:

B:

答案：B

解析：F。改正：heorsheislikelytosufferfromaseverelanguagedeficit.

20、【判斷題】Humanbeingsaregeneticallypredeterminedtoacquirelanguage,

andthisgeneticpredispositionisasufficientconditionforlanguagedevelopment.

正確

錯誤

A:

答B:案：B

解析：F。改正：Thegeneticpredispositionisnotasufficientconditionfor

languagedevelopment

21、【問答題】WhatarethemajortypesofsynonymsinEnglish?

答案：WhatarethemajortypesofsynonymsinEnglish?Synonymyreferstothe

samenessorclosesimilarityofmeaning.Wordsthatarecloseinmeaningare

calledsynonyms.Englishisrichinsynonymsforhistoricalreasons.According

tothewaytheydiffer,synonymscanbedividedintothefollowinggroups:

A.Dialectalsynonyms--synonymsusedindifferentregionaldialectsTheseare

wordswithmoreorlessthesamemeaningusedindifferentregionaldialects.

BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglisharethetwomajorgeographicalvarieties

oftheEnglishlanguage.Forexample:BritishEnglishAmericanEnglish

autumnfallliftelevatorluggagebaggagepetrolgasolineflatapartment

B.Stylisticsynonyms--synonymsdifferinginstyleWordshavingthesame

meaningmaydifferinstyle,ordegreeofformality.Inotherwords,somewords

tendtomoreformal,otherscasual,andstillothersneutralinstyle.For

example:oldman,daddy,dad,father,maleparentstart,begin,commence

kid,child,offspringroom,chamberC.Synonymsthatdifferintheir

emotiveorevaluativemeaningThesearewordsthatbearthesamemeaningbut

expressdifferentemotionsoftheuser,indicatingtheattitudeorbiasofthe

usertowardwhatheistalkingabout.Forexample:economical,frugal,thrifty,

mean,miserly,stingylike,love,admire,adore,worshipD.Collocational

synonymsSomesynonymsdifferintheircollocation,i.e.,inthewordsthey

gotogetherwith.Forexample:accuse,charge,rebuke.Theyarefollowedby

differentprepositions--accuse...of,charge...with,rebuke...for.

E.SemanticallydifferentsynonymsThesearesynonymsthatdifferslightlyin

whattheymean.Forexample:“amaze”and“astonish”areveryclosein

meaningtotheword“surprise”,buthaveverysubtledifferences.While

“amaze”suggestsconfusionandbewilderment,“astonish”suggestsdifficulty

inbelieving.

22、【問答題】Howdopragmaticsandsemanticsarerelatedandhowdotheydiffer?

答案：Howdopragmaticsandsemanticsarerelatedandhowdotheydiffer?(1)

Semanticsandpragmaticsaretwobranchesoflinguistics.(2)Bothare

linguisticstudiesofmeaning.(3)Insemantics,meaningoflanguageis

consideredassomethingintrinsic,andinherent.Themeaningsofwords,

meaningsofsentencesareallstudiedinanisolatedmanner,detachedfromthe

contextinwhichtheyareused.Semanticsismainlyconcernedwiththemeanings

ofwordsandsentencesinisolation.(4)Inpragmatics,thecontextof

languageuseisconsidered,therealsituationsofcommunication,theknowledge

sharedbythespeakerandthehearermustbeincluded.Pragmaticsismainly

concernedwiththemeaningsofutterances(sentencesusedincontext),the

intendedmeaningsofthespeakerinutteringsentencesincontexts.

23、【填空題】Chomskydefinesc______astheidealuser'sknowledgeoftherules

ofhislanguage.

答案：Competence

24、【填空題】Whentheobstructionistotalorcomplete,thespeechsound

producedwiththeobstructionaudiblyreleasedandtheairpassingoutagainis

calledas______.

答案：stop。

25、【填空題】P______modifythemeaningofthestem,butusuallydonotchange

thepartofspeechoftheoriginalword.

答案：Prefixes

26、【填空題】Informallinguistics,asentencestructuremayhavetwolevelsof

syntacticrepresentation,thedeepstructurethatexistsbeforemovementtakes

place,andtheothers______structurethatoccursafterthemovementtakesplace.

答案：structure

27、【填空題】Thesamewordmayhavemorethanonemeaning.Suchawordis

calledap______word.

答案：polysemy

28、【填空題】AccordingtoJohnAustin'sspeechacttheory,aspeakermight

performthreeactssimultaneouslywhenspeaking:locutionaryact,illocutionary

actandp______act.

答案：perlocutionary

29、【填空題】Englishhasundergonedramaticchangesthroughoutthethreemajor

periodsofOldEnglish,MiddleEnglishandM______English.

答案：Modern

30、【填空題】R______arelanguagevarietiesappropriateforuseindifferent

particularspeechsituations,incontrasttolanguagevarietiesthatare

associatedwiththesocialorregionalgroupingoftheircustomaryusers.

答案：Registers

31、【填空題】Whenwelisten,thewordisheardandcomprehendedviaW______area.

答案：Wernicke’s

32、【填空題】Languageacquisitionisprimarilytheacquisitionoftheg______

systemoflanguage.

答案：grammatical

33、【名詞解釋】language

答案：Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuman

communication.

34、【名詞解釋】suprasegmentalfeatures

答案：Suprasegmentalfeaturesisphonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevel

ofthesegmentsarecalledsuprasegmentalfeatures;thesearethe

phonologicalpropertiesofsuchunitsasthesyllable,theword,andthe

sentence.Themainsuprasegmentalfeaturesincludestress,intonation,andtone.

35、【名詞解釋】morphologicalrules

答案：Morphologicalrulesaretherulesthatgovernwhichaffixcanbeadded

towhattypesofstemtoformanewword.

36、【名詞解釋】phrasestructurerules

答案：phraseestructurerulesisarewriterulethatallowsfor

thepossiblecombinationsofwordstoformphrasesandsentences.

37、【名詞解釋】predication

答案：Insemanticanalysisofasentence,thebasicunitiscalled

predication,whichistheabstractionofthemeaningofasentence.

38、【名詞解釋】maximofmanner

答案：maxim