高中英語高考一輪話題復習7：自然與環境3【問題查找】單詞拼寫1.Hetoldoneortwoamusing(逸事)abouthisyearsasapoliceman.2.paniespublish(每年的)reportstoinformthepublicaboutthepreviousyear’sactivities.3.Theneedforgood(配合)isnowbeingrecognizedasessential.4.Thereareseveraltypesof(鯊魚),someofwhichcanattackpeopleswimming.5.The(關系)betweenthepoliceandthelocalmunityhasimproved.6.Hebithis(嘴唇)nervously,tryingnottocry.7.Don’tbreakintotheircarea.8.We’regoodfriends,butwehaveoviewswhenitestopolitics.9.Hotelaisincludedinthepriceofyourholiday.10.It’shopedthatthetwillenablescientiststoseedeeperintotheuniversethaneverbefore.【要點精講】學習目標：能自主快速閱讀理解大意，能依據上下文語境猜測詞義，能正確拼讀詞匯（單詞、短語），掌握詞匯意義與用法。（1）能正確識記、領會以下詞匯,正確率達100%：witness,reflect,aware,annual等（2）能正確識記、領會以下短語,正確率達100%：upsidedown,help...out等（3）能正確運用以下句型結合詞匯和語法進行句子翻譯和寫作,正確率達80%：解決學習問題：目標對應的活動（目標的問題化分解）Underthesea海底世界【語境串聯】（1）請用學習過的單詞完成篇章：Youmayyellandbescaredto（目擊）somany（abandon）oldpeoplewithout（acmodate）,（養老金）andrelations.Thegovernmentis（意識到的）ofwhatit（反映）and（催促）（每年的）conversationofthem.【知識拓展】witnessn.目擊者；證人；證據vt.當場見到；目擊beawitnessto...是……的證人/證據give/bearwitnessto為……作證；作……的證人witnesstosth./doingsth.證實……；證明……witnessfor為……作證awareadj.意識到的；知道的awarenessn.知道；認識；意識；興趣be/beeawareofsth.意識到某事(aware通常做表語)be/beeawarethat...意識到……asfarasI'maware據我所知urgevt.催促，力勸，強烈要求n．強烈的欲望，迫切要求urgeagainst…極力反對……urgesb.todosth.催促某人做某事urgethatsb.(should)dosth.主張……；力勸……（虛擬語氣）Itis/wasurgedthat...有人主張……annualadj.每年的；按年度計算的n.年刊；年鑒annuallyadv.每年地；年度地anniversaryn．周年紀念annualmeeting年會annualsalary年薪annualbudgetn.年度預算（2）請用學習過的短語完成篇章：Imadethebottle（上下翻轉）andallofthemilkwasspiltontheground.I（意識到）whatIhaddone.（嚇死了），Iwantedmymothertome（幫助某人擺脫困境）.Onlyshecouldkeepmefrombeingpunishingbymyfather.【知識拓展】help(...)out幫助(某人)擺脫困境或危難helpsb.withsth.幫助某人干某事help(sb.)(to)dosth.幫助(某人)干某事can'thelptodo不能幫助干某事can'thelpdoing禁不住干某事can'thelpbutdo只得，不得不helponeselfto隨便吃/用……【即學即練】完形填空節選題。1.Wecanachievealotwhenwelearntoletourdifferencesunite,ratherthan_______us. A.divide B.reject C.control D.abandon2.Ithinkyoushouldstopforamomentandonyoursuccessesandfailures. A.look B.call C.reflect D.take3.Onceyouarethetrickusedinadvertisements,you,Ithink,won’tspendmoneyatyourownwill. A.anxiousabout B.awareof C.concernedabout D.worriedabout【查漏補缺】真題大練兵。1.Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore,hecangoshoppingwithout____________________(recognize).2.Therobberstriedto________(逃跑),buttheywerecaughtintheend.3.Hopelessthoughitseemed,Francisdidnot________(放棄)allhopeoffindingajob.4.Jerrywasafraidto________(跳水)fromtheboardintothepool.[來源:Z+xx+k.]5.Louishadtoswimfor20minutestoreachthe________(海岸).6.Itistheir________(協作)thathasledtothesuccessoftheprogramme.7.I________(催促)mystudentstolookthroughtheirlessonsaheadofmyexplanation.8.Theycan________(暫停)duringareadingtodiscussdifficultsentenceswitheachother.【梳理優化】1、補救學習。一、詞性轉換1.annualadj.每年的；按年度計算的→annualn.年刊；年鑒→annuallyadv.每年地2.acmodationn.住所；住宿→acmodatev.為……提供住宿3.divevi.&n.跳水(的動作)；潛水(的動作)；俯沖→divern.潛水員→divingn.跳水；跳水運動4.depthn.深(度)；深處→deepadj.深的→deeplyadv.強烈的；深刻地→deepenv.(使)變深；加深5.urgevt.催促；極力主張；驅策→urgentadj.急迫的；催促的；強求的→urgencyn.緊急(的事)6.abandonvt.放棄；遺棄；拋棄→abandonedadj.被拋棄的；被遺棄的→abandonmentn.遺棄；拋棄7.relationshipn.關系；血緣關系；交往→relationn.關系，聯系，交往；親戚(關系)；親屬(關系)→relatevt.&vi.(把……)聯系起來；講述；敘述8.conservationn.保存；保護→conservevt.保護；保藏9．awareadj.意識到的；知道的→awarenessn.知道；意識；興趣→unawareadj.不知道的；沒意識到的10．reflectvi.思考&vt.映射；反射；思考→reflectionn.反映；影像；沉思→reflectiveadj.思考的；反射的；反光的拓展延伸。完形填空的解題技巧5：詞語復現詞語復現是指某一個詞以原詞或同義詞等方式在同一語篇中重復出現。語篇的句子通過復現關系達到相互銜接的目的。詞語復現又可分為原詞復現、同源詞復現(又叫同根詞復現)、同義或近義詞復現、上下義詞復現(即總括與分述，如animal是sheep，tiger，wolf等的上義詞；rose是flower的下義詞)等。(1)原詞復現。為了表達的需要，在具體的上下文中同一個單詞重復出現。如：【例1】AllofasuddenIstartedtofeelrather__________.ShewonderedwhyIwaslookingforthissortof__________.Ifeltevenmorehelplesswhenshetoldmethatitwouldbedifficulttogetajobwithoutexperience.A.encouragedB.dissatisfied C.helpless D.pleasedA.placeB.job C.advice D.help(2)同義詞、近義詞復現。同義詞、近義詞復現是借助意思相同或相近的表達方式，或解釋性的語言使上下文的語義得以連接起來。如：【例2】Thatiswhatahobbymeans,Iguess.Itissomethingweliketodoinoursparetimesimplyforthe__________ofit.Thevalueindollarsisnotimportant;wedoitforthepleasureitgivesus.A.benefitB.goodC.funD.interest(3)反義詞復現。語意的連貫有時是通過對比結構而采用反義復現的手段，或者是以反義的方式對前文加以解釋，考生可以從反義的角度判斷正確的選項。如：【例3】Forcingyourselftorecallalmostneverhelpsbecauseitdoesn’t__________yourmoney;itonlytightensit.A.loosenB.weakenC.decreaseD.reduce(4)同源詞復現。對于上下文語義復現的表達，還可借助復現信息的同源詞或同根詞。如：【例4】Manyteachersbelievethattheresponsibilitiesforlearningliewiththestudents.Ifalongreadingassignmentisgiven,theinstructorsexpectstudentstobefamiliarwiththeinformationinthereading……Whenresearchis_________,theprofessorexpectsthestudenttotakeitactivelyandtopleteitwithminimumguidance.A.collectedB.assignedC.distributedD.finished(5)上義詞復現。上義詞具有概括的作用。在篇章中，有時為了表達的需要，作者會先概述，再分述。概述時用的為上義詞，分述則用比較具體的下義詞，兩者為總分關系。如：【例5】Othertimes,hewouldjoinstudentgroupstodiscussavarietyof__________:agriculture,divingandmathematics.A.questionsB.subjectsC.mattersD.Contents【即學即練】1.Ithasbeenarguedbysomethatgiftedchildrenshouldbegroupedinspecialclasses.Therecanbelittledoubtthat4classescanhelpthegiftedchildrentograduateearlierandtaketheirplaceinlifesooner.A.regularB.specialC.smallD.creative2.Thereweremanywaystopreventthisfromhappening:hangingaknifeoverthebaby’sheadwhilehesleptorcoveringhimwithsomeofhisfather’sclotheswerejusttwooftheremended27.A.casesB.toolsC.stepsD.methods3.Manyareconcernedthatgiftedchildrenbeeboredandloseinterestinlearning.However，this11ismoreoftenfromparentsandteachersthanfromstudents...A.concernB.conclusionC.reflectionD.interest4.However，thisconcernismoreoftenfromparentsandteachersthanfromstudents，andsomeofthese12simplyconcludethatspecialclassesshouldbesetupforthosewhoaretalented.A.studentsB.adultsC.scholarsD.teachers優化：補充、完善初步總結的解題方法；B.解決元認知問題；C.信息精細化加工；D.需要記憶的教給記憶訣竅等；E.圖式。A.補充、完善初步總結的解題方法。一、常考題型：1.完型填空;2.閱讀理解題;3.語法填空題4.書面表達二、解題技巧語法填空題中詞匯的解題技巧1.判斷空格中所需單詞的詞性；2.觀察所給單詞的詞性和所需單詞詞性是否一致；3.根據題目修改相應的單詞形式B.信息精細化加工（歸類、分類、類比、比較、聯想、想象等）1.選取本次課學習的（至少）5個詞匯寫出一篇短文。E.圖式。1.利用近義詞、同義詞、反義詞轉換等帶出新的語言。2.利用paraphrase評價和轉換語言，利用已有認知圖式結合情境學習新的目標詞匯。【強化鞏固】完形填空IgrewupinSanPedro.Mydadwasa

1,andhelovedthesea.Hehadhisown

2,butitwashardtomakealivingonthesea.Heworkedhard,andhewouldstay

out untilhecaughtenoughfishto

3hisfamily.Whentheweatherwas

4hewould

5metoschool.Hewouldpullrightup

infront,smiling,then

6andgivemeabigkissonthe

7,tellingmetobeagood

8.BecauseIwastwelveyearsoldthen,itwasso

9forme.Oneday,theweatherwasstillbad.Whenwegottotheschool,hehadhisusualbig

10andstartedtoleantowardme,butIputmyhandupandsaid:"No,Dad."ItwasthefirsttimeIhadever

11himinthatway,andhehadasurprisedlookonhisface.Isaid:"Dad,I’mtoooldforagoodbyekiss.I’mtoooldforanykindsofkiss."Mydadlookedatmeforthelongesttime,and

12cameintohiseyes.Ihadneverseenhimcry.Hesaid:"You’reright.Youareabigboy.Iwon’tkissyou

anymore."Itwasn’tlongafterthatwhenmydadwenttoseaandnever

13.Itwasadaywhenalloftheshipsstayedin,butnotmydad’s.Hehadabigfamilytofeed.Nowlamwillingto

14allifmydadcangivemejust

onemorekissonthecheek,feelinghis

15oldfaceandsmellingtheoceanonhim;IwishIhadbeenamanthen.IfIhadbeenaman,IwouldneverhavetoldmydadIwastoooldforagoodbyekiss.1.A.teacher B.worker C.fisherman D.carpenter2.A.factory B.boat C.car D.pany3.A.build B.support C.acpany D.see4.A.special B.sunny C.terrible D.bright5.A.drive B.persuade C.make D.force6.A.leanover B.walkover C.climbup D.takein7.A.cheek B.hand C.back D.shoulder8.A.children B.boy C.teenagers D.fisherman9.A.happy B.difficult C.embarrassing D.unbelievable10.A.kiss B.smile C.hug D.action11.A.refused B.answered C.saw D.told12.A.screams B.smiles C.tears D.worries13.A.tookback B.cameback C.lookedback D.cameon14.A.sacrifice B.understand C.permit D.remind15.A.smooth B.tough C.rough D.handsome【課后練習】一、書面表達假如你正在參加學校舉辦的一個英語演講比賽，就如何應對全球變暖這一話題發表自己的見解，號召同學們過低碳生活，為減少二氧化碳(CO2)排放做貢獻。請就這一話題寫一篇演講稿，陳述你自己的觀點。演講稿應包括以下內容：1．節能減排，低碳生活，人人可為；2．改變以往的家庭生活習慣(用電，用水)；3．出行使用公共交通或騎自行車；4．……注意：1.詞數100左右；2．可適當增加細節內容，以使行文連貫；3．開頭和結尾已經給出，但不計入總詞數。參考詞匯：lowcarbonlife低碳生活；carbonemission碳排放Goodmorning,everyone!Mytopictodayishowtolivealowcarbonlife.Asweallknow,theearthisbeingwarmerandwarmerduetotheglobalclimatechange.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________二、語法填空Nowadays,moreandmorepost90sgenerationwillentertheworkforce.Theyplacemoreemphasis1.______________lookingforajobthattheyenjoymorethanotherfactors.Manyofthemhopetoestablisha2.______________(relax)workingrelationship.Morethanhalfofthemprefertheeasygoingandgoodtempered3.______________(employ).Surprisingly10percentofthemwishtobefriendswiththeirbosses.ExpertssaythattheyarethegenerationoftheInternetera.Theyhaveastrong4.______________(aware)of"self"andhowtheyrelatetotheoutsideworld.GuoYun,22,isadigitalmediamajorfromBeijingUniversityofPostsandTelemunications.Shesaysthatshewouldnotmind5.______________(work)longhours,butwouldpreferherboss6.______________(explain)whyshehasto,suchastheurgencyofthetask."Ifeel7.______________(great)motivatedinthisway,"sheexplains.Theytendtocareagreatdealabouttheteamorthemanagementculture.8.______________arealsomoreoutspokenabouttheirneeds,andtheyarelikelytoopenlymunicatewiththeiremployers.Asaresult,they9.______________(admit)intomostbigpaniesmoreeasily.Ithinkitistheirfranknessandenthusiasm10.______________leavesadeepimpressionontheiremployers.三、閱讀理解LifeintheClearTransparentanimalsletlightpassthroughtheirbodiesthesamewaylightpassesthroughawindow.Theseanimalstypicallylivebetweenthesurfaceoftheoceanandadepthofabout3,300feet—asfarasmostlightcanreach.Mostofthemareextremelydelicateandcanbedamagedbyasimpletouch.SonkeJohnsen,ascientistinbiology,says,“Theseanimalslivethroughtheirlifealone.Theynevertouchanythingunlessthey’reeatingit,orunlesssomethingiseatingthem.”Andtheyareasclearasglass.Howdoesananimalbeeseethrough?It’strickierthanyoumightthink.Theobjectsaroundyouarevisiblebecausetheyinteractwithlight.Lighttypicallytravelsinastraightline.Butsomematerialsslowandscatter(散射)light,bouncingitawayfromitsoriginalpath.Othersabsorblight,stoppingitdeadinitstracks.Bothscatteringandabsorptionmakeanobjectlookdifferentfromotherobjectsaroundit,soyoucanseeiteasily.Butatransparentobjectdoesn’tabsorborscatterlight,atleastnotverymuch.Lightcanpassthroughitwithoutbendingorstopping.Thatmeansatransparentobjectdoesn’tlookverydifferentfromthesurroundingairorwater.Youdon’tseeit—youseethethingsbehindit.Tobeetransparent,ananimalneedstokeepitsbodyfromabsorbingorscatteringlight.Livingmaterialscanstoplightbecausetheycontainpigments(色素)thatabsorbspecificcolorsoflight.Butatransparentanimaldoesn’thavepigments,soitstissueswon’tabsorblight.AccordingtoJohnsen,avoidingabsorptionisactuallyeasy.Therealchallengeispreventinglightfromscat