專題九動(dòng)詞中考考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)分類突破考點(diǎn)1

實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又稱行為動(dòng)詞,分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞兩大類。及物動(dòng)詞后需要直接加賓語才能使其意義完整,而不及物動(dòng)詞后不能直接加賓語,因?yàn)槠浔旧砭湍鼙磉_(dá)完整的意思。常見的及物動(dòng)詞有ask,love,hate,say,forget,have等;不及物動(dòng)詞有g(shù)o,walk,work,die,smile,come等。考點(diǎn)2

系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞本身有詞義,但不能獨(dú)立作謂語,后面必須加形容詞、名詞、不定式或動(dòng)詞-ing形式等可作表語的詞一起構(gòu)成謂語,即系表結(jié)構(gòu)。系動(dòng)詞的分類類別功能例詞表示狀態(tài)的系動(dòng)詞表示主語所處的狀態(tài)be表示持續(xù)的系動(dòng)詞表示主語繼續(xù)或保持某種狀況或態(tài)度keep,remain,stay,stand,lie表示感官的系動(dòng)詞表示人體的感覺look,feel,smell,taste,sound表示狀態(tài)變化的系動(dòng)詞表示主語從一種狀態(tài)變換成另一種狀態(tài)become,get,go,grow,turn

(1)一般情況下,系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。(2)表示狀態(tài)變化的系動(dòng)詞在表示“漸漸……”時(shí),可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。It’sgettingwarmerandwarmer.天氣漸漸變得暖和了。考點(diǎn)3

助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞無詞義,不能獨(dú)立作謂語,只能和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語,可用來表示否定、疑問、時(shí)態(tài)、語氣、語態(tài)等。用法如下:(1)be用作助動(dòng)詞,有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,可用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),也可與現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),與過去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。We

are

playing

an

interesting

game.我們?cè)谕嬉粋€(gè)有趣的游戲。He

is

loved

by

his

pupils.他受到他學(xué)生的愛戴。She

has

been

teaching

English

in

our

school

for

four

years.她已經(jīng)在我們學(xué)校教英語教了4年了。(2)have/has與had分別用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)。They

have

finished

2,000

letters

so

far.迄今為止,他們寫完了2000封信。Lucy

had

left

when

I

got

there.當(dāng)我到達(dá)那兒時(shí),Lucy已經(jīng)離開了。(3)do/does/did主要用來幫助實(shí)義動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成否定、疑問形式。—Does

Jim

like

fruit?Jim喜歡水果嗎?—Yes,he

does.是的,他喜歡。(4)will,shall用于構(gòu)成一般將來時(shí),would,should用于構(gòu)成過去將來時(shí)。shall,should主要用于第一人稱,will,would可用于所有人稱。Will

he

come

for

dinner?他會(huì)來吃晚飯嗎?Shall

we

do

the

job

tomorrow?我們明天做這項(xiàng)工作嗎?We

thought

we

should

never

see

you

again.我們以為再也見不到你了。考點(diǎn)4

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有一定的詞義,后接動(dòng)詞原形,表示說話人的語氣和態(tài)度。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞通常沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例句can表示能力,意為“能;會(huì)”。SamcanspeakEnglishwell.Sam英語講得很好。表示請(qǐng)求、允許,意為“可以”。CanIborrowyourbike?我能借你的自行車嗎?can’t表示推測(cè),意為“不可能”。The

book

can’t

be

yours.There

is

his

name

on

it.這本書不可能是你的。這上面有他的名字。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例句Could(can的過去式)表示過去的能力,意為“能;會(huì)”。Mikecouldplaythepianoverywellwhenhewasyoung.Mike小的時(shí)候彈鋼琴就彈得很好。在疑問句中表示委婉地請(qǐng)求。CouldIhaveonecupoftea?我可以喝一杯茶嗎?must表示主觀看法,意為“必須;應(yīng)該”。mustn’t則意為“禁止”。Youmustfinishyourhomeworkfirst!你必須先完成你的家庭作業(yè)!You

mustn’t

go

across

the

road

at

the

red

light.紅燈時(shí),你不能過馬路。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例句must表示有把握的推測(cè),用于肯定句中,意為“一定;肯定”。ThecoatmustbeMary’sbecausehernameisonit.這件大衣肯定是Mary的,因?yàn)樗拿衷谏厦妗hould表示要求和命令,也可以表示勸告或建議,意為“應(yīng)該”。Weshouldkeeptheairfresh.我們應(yīng)該保持空氣清新。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例句oughtto表示要求和命令,也可以表示勸告或建議,意為“應(yīng)該”。Yououghttoteachthempatiently.你應(yīng)該耐心地教導(dǎo)他們。may表示請(qǐng)求、許可,意為“可以”。Youmaysithereifyouwant.如果你想的話,你可以坐在這兒。表示推測(cè),常用于肯定句中,意為“可能;也許”。Shemaycomebacktomorrow,butIamnotsure.她可能明天回來,但是我不確定。(續(xù)表)Might(may的過去式)表示請(qǐng)求、許可,語氣比may更委婉。MightIsmokehere?我可以在這里吸煙嗎?表示推測(cè),常用于肯定句中,意為“可能;也許”(可能性比may小)。Itmightraintomorrow.明天可能有雨。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例句need主要用于否定句或疑問句中,意為“需要”。needn’t表示“沒有必要”。Youneedn’tsaysorrytohim.你不必對(duì)他說對(duì)不起。shall表示征求意見或詢問,用于第一人稱。ShallIopenthewindow?我可以打開窗戶嗎?will表示詢問、請(qǐng)求,也可以表達(dá)現(xiàn)在的意愿。Willyoupassmethebook?你把那本書遞給我好嗎?We

will

do

anything

for

you.我們會(huì)為你做任何事情。would表示過去的意愿或委婉地詢問。Wouldyoutellmethewaytothestation?你能告訴我去車站的路嗎?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例句hadbetter用于建議、警告、威脅、發(fā)表意見等,意為“最好”。You’dbetterstayathome.你最好待在家里。haveto表示客觀的需要,有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,意為“必須;不得不”。Hehastofinishhishomeworktoday.他今天必須完成他的家庭作業(yè)。

(1)must引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句,肯定回答常用must,否定回答常用needn’t/don’thaveto。—Must

I

finish

my

homework

today?今天我必須完成我的家庭作業(yè)嗎?—Yes,you

must./No,you

needn’t.是的,你必須完成。/不,你不需要。(2)need引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句,肯定回答常用must或haveto,否定回答常用needn’t。—NeedIanswerthequestion?我需要回答這個(gè)問題嗎?—Yes,you

must/have

to./No,you

needn’t.是的,你必須回答。/不,你不需要。(3)need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)有人稱和數(shù)的變化,后面可接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞-ing形式或動(dòng)詞不定式,可用于肯定句、否定句或疑問句中。Shedoesn’tneedtoseethedoctor.Shejustneedsarest.她不需要看醫(yī)生。她只需要休息一下。考點(diǎn)5

動(dòng)詞的基本形式(1)動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原形第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般情況下在動(dòng)詞后加-s。rise起身;升起read讀write寫risesreadswrites以/s/,/?/,/t?/音素結(jié)尾或以s,x,ch,sh,o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加-es。pass傳;遞push推watch看do做passespusheswatchesdoes以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,變y為i,再加-es。study學(xué)習(xí)try嘗試fly飛行studiestriesflies口訣記憶動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞三單現(xiàn)在式,一般詞尾加-s。s,x,ch,sh在詞尾,直接加上-es。詞尾若是字母o,加上-es不用愁。“輔音字母＋y”來結(jié)尾,變y為i是正規(guī),-es后邊緊跟隨,study→studies看明白。(2)規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式、過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原形過去式過去分詞一般動(dòng)詞后面加-ed。help幫助look看work工作helpedlookedworkedhelpedlookedworked以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加-d。like喜歡live居住love熱愛likedlivedlovedlikedlivedloved規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原形過去式過去分詞以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,變y為i,再加-ed。try嘗試study學(xué)習(xí)cry哭泣triedstudiedcriedtriedstudiedcried以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞,雙寫該輔音字母,再加-ed。plan打算stop停止nod點(diǎn)頭plannedstoppednoddedplannedstoppednodded口訣記憶規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式、過去分詞的構(gòu)成過去式、過去分詞構(gòu)成有規(guī)律,一般詞尾加-ed。如果詞尾有個(gè)e,只要直接加上-d,like→liked是一例。“輔音字母＋y”在詞尾,變y為i加-ed,study→studied看仔細(xì)。“一輔重閉”作尾巴,雙寫之后-ed加,stop→stopped理不差。(3)動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原形現(xiàn)在分詞一般情況下直接加-ing。eat吃study學(xué)習(xí)eatingstudying以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,去掉e,再加-ing。come來take拿走comingtaking少數(shù)以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先變ie為y,再加-ing。die死lie說謊;躺dyinglying規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原形現(xiàn)在分詞以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞,雙寫該輔音字母,再加-ing。sit坐begin開始run跑sittingbeginningrunning口訣記憶現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在分詞用途多,進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)少不得。它的構(gòu)成很好記,動(dòng)詞后綴-ing。詞尾若有啞音e,去e再加沒問題。一輔重讀閉音節(jié),這個(gè)字母要雙寫。還有一點(diǎn)要注意,變ie為y再加-ing。考點(diǎn)6

動(dòng)詞短語(1)動(dòng)詞＋介詞只能用作及物動(dòng)詞短語,無論賓語是名詞還是代詞,都要放在介詞之后。agree

with

同意

begin

with

以……開始come

from

來自

feel

like

想要look

like

看起來像

hear

from

收到……的來信hear

of

聽說

knock

at

敲laugh

at

嘲笑

look

at

看……look

after

照看

look

for

尋找listen

to

聽……

send

for

派人去請(qǐng)think

of

想起

think

about

考慮(2)動(dòng)詞＋副詞可用作及物或不及物動(dòng)詞短語。如果作及物動(dòng)詞短語,若賓語是名詞,可以放在副詞之后,也可以放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間;若賓語是代詞,則必須放在動(dòng)詞與副詞之間。eat

up

吃光

give

up

放棄look

up

查閱

pick

up

拾起,撿起put

up

搭建;舉起

ring

up

給……打電話wake

up

喚醒

dress

up

喬裝打扮hurry

up

趕快

send

up

發(fā)射find

out

查出

sell

out

賣完put

on

穿上;上演

try

on

試穿turn

on

打開

take

away

取走,拿走put

away

放好

come

in

進(jìn)來get

up

起床

go

on

繼續(xù)(3)動(dòng)詞＋副詞＋介詞用作及物動(dòng)詞短語,賓語要置于介詞之后。catch

up

with

趕上do

well

in

在……方面做得好get

on

with

與……相處look

forward

to

盼望come

over

to

順便來訪(4)動(dòng)詞＋名詞＋介詞take

care

of

照料;照顧have

a

look

at

看一看make

friends

with

與……交朋友make

fun

of

開……的玩笑pay

attention

to

注意make

use

of

利用(5)be＋形容詞＋介詞be

afraid

of

害怕

be

angry

with

生……的氣be

busy

with

忙于

be

good

at

擅長be

full

of

充滿

be

late

for

遲到be

interested

in

對(duì)……感興趣be

different

from

與……不同be

worried

about

對(duì)……擔(dān)心be

covered

with

被……覆蓋be

friendly

to

對(duì)……友好專項(xiàng)能力檢測(cè)Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)選擇1.(2022·浙江溫州)—Thomas,wherearemypostcards?I

A

?findthem.

—They’reonthebookshelf.A.can’tB.needn’tC.mustn’tD.shouldn’t2.(2022·浙江溫州)InChina,peopleusually

A

?theirhousestosweepawaybadluckbeforetheSpringFestival.

A.cleanupB.lookupC.makeupD.putupA

A

3.(2022·江蘇宿遷)—Goodnews!TheShenzhou

mannedspacecrafthasbeensentintospacesuccessfully.—That

C

?excitingandencouraging!

A.turnsB.tastesC.soundsD.smells4.(2022·安徽)—DoyouknowthespacewomanWangYaping?—Sure.Sheiscalledthemotherwho

D

?thestars.

A.gaveoutB.putawayC.lookedafterD.reachedforC

D

5.(2022·天津)Thebook

B

?beMary’s.Wecanseehernameonit.

A.needB.mustC.can’tD.needn’t6.(2022·天津)MyauntofferedmeadictionaryandI

A

?ithappily.

A.acceptedB.invitedC.mixedD.grew7.(2022·江西)

A

?me,I’llshowyoutheway.

A.FollowB.ForgetC.LeaveD.PunishB

A

A

8.(2022·四川樂山改編)—Mustweweartheschoolclothestomorrow,Mr.Wang?—No,you

B

?.OnlyonMondays.

TomorrowisTuesday.A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.can’tD.couldn’t9.(2022·江蘇揚(yáng)州)Peopleincoldareas

B

?warmcolorstocalmcolorsintheirhomes.

A.protectB.preferC.pronounceD.practiceB

B

10.(2022·湖北黃岡)—Dad,howaboutplantingsometreesinouryard?—Goodidea!Treescan

B

?thewaterfromwashingtheearthaway.

A.acceptB.preventC.discoverD.choose11.(2022·遼寧本溪)Please

D

?thetallbuildingsifthewindblowshard.

A.runoutofB.catchupwithC.getonwithD.keepawayfromB

D

12.(2022·四川瀘州)—Paul,haveyoutriedthischicken?It’saspecialinLuzhouandhasbeenintroducedintheTVprogramA

Bite

of

China.—Yes,it

C

?hotbutdelicious.

A.eatsB.looksC.tastesD.sees13.(2022·四川瀘州)—XiaoMing,whatnewsareyoureading?—Shenzhou

withthreeastronauts

A

?spaceonJune5th,2022.

A.leftforB.waitedforC.askedforD.arguedforC

A

14.(2022·湖北武漢)—Please

A

?thesedonationsforkids.

—OK,letmesee.Perfect!Kidshereareingreatneedoftoysandbooks.A.checkoutB.cutdownC.selloutD.turndown15.(2022·四川自貢改編)—Howcanwesaveelectricityindailylife?—By

A

?thelightswhenweleavearoom,forexample.

A.turningoffB.puttingoffC.takingoffD.turningonA

A

16.(2022·江蘇連云港)Thepublicsign

inthelibrarymeanspeople

D

?smokethere.

A.couldB.mustC.couldn’tD.mustn’t17.(2022·江蘇連云港)ThetraditionalChineselunarcalendar

A

?ayear

A

?24solarterms(節(jié)氣).

A.divides;intoB.mixes;withC.translates;intoD.covers;withD

A

A

18.(2022·湖南懷化改編)—WhoseEnglishbookisthis?—It

A

?beLily’s,butI’mnotsure.

A.mightB.can’tC.mustD.needn’t19.(2022·云南昆明)Doingchoreshelpstoimprovechildren’sindependenceandteachesthemhowto

B

?themselves.

A.lookforB.lookafterC.looklikeD.lookthroughA

B

20.(2022·江蘇宿遷)—Allofus

B

?followthetrafficruleswhengoingout.

—Exactly!Safetycomesfirst.A.mightB.mustC.mayD.could21.(2022·湖北武漢)—Alex,comedowntoplayfootball.—Ican’t.MomsaidI

A

?cleanmybedroombeforedoinganythingelse.

A.hadtoB.willC.usedtoD.canB

A

22.(2022·天津)Hethankedmefor

B

?themistakesinhishomework.

A.goingoutB.pointingoutC.turningonD.puttingon23.(2022·甘肅武威)Let’s

B

?thechickenandmakesomesoup.

A.lookatB.cutupC.putoffD.knockagainst24.(2022·云南)—Howwasyourcampinginthecountrysidelastweekend?—Itwasgreat.We

A

?atentbythelakeandhadmuchfun.

A.putupB.putoffC.putonD.putinB

B

A

25.(2022·安徽)—Youcan

A

?betweenjoiningthedancingclubandgoingtothechessclub.

—Iconsidergoingtothechessclub,forIlikeplayingchessbetter.A.decideB.guessC.hideD.wait26.(2022·江蘇揚(yáng)州)Insuchcheerfulconversation,thetime

C

?alltooquickly.

A.wentupB.wentdownC.wentbyD.wentbackA

C

27.(2022·四川遂寧)ManyChinesepeopleusually

A

?somepapercuttingsonwindows,doorsandwallsassymbolsofwishesforgoodluck.

A.putupB.putoffC.cutupD.cutoff28.(2022·四川達(dá)州)—Weneedmoretimetoseehowthingsdevelopbeforewe

B

?.

—Iagreewithyou.A.takeafterB.takeactionC.taketurnD.takeawayA

B

29.(2022·湖北武漢)—Lauraspokeveryslowlytopeopleto

B

?whatshewouldsay.

—Shejustwantedtothinkaboutwhatotherswerefeeling.A.surveyB.weighC.supportD.repeat30.(2022·湖北武漢)—Jack,tellmehowto

B

?thisinformation.

—Allright,Grandma.Youcantypeiton