小作文-曲線圖IELTSWRITING小作文-曲線圖TaskILinechart

IELTSWRITING評分標準（1）任務完成情況：趨勢描寫，數據支持，不要畫蛇添足（2）關聯詞大量而準確地使用（連貫）（3）詞匯（4）句子結構

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把圖表中主要信息轉化為文字信息，并且組織成文章。曲線有何規律特征？根據曲線特征，其大致可以分成幾大段以便寫作描述？峰值、谷值各自多少？對應的月份又是什么？曲線變動過程中有無出現平穩？

IELTSWRITING首段首句Thisgraphshowsthe<數據形式>of<對象>in<地點><時間>.二句有可能的話總結總體趨勢中間段趨勢描寫，數據支持，有必要時寫出最高點/最低點末段重申最重要的趨勢

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Numberoffull-timeteachersofregularschools(inmillions)inChina(1960-1990).

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首段–

首句graph->figure,linegraphShow->indicate,unfold,display,reveal,reflect,relate,illustrate,provideanoverviewof…

首段常用句型:1.Thetable/chart/diagram/graphshows(that)...2.Thefigures/statisticsshow(that)...3.Thediagramshows/describes/illustrateshow...4.Accordingto/As(is)showninthe/Ascanbeseenfromthetable/chart,diagram,graph,figures5.Itcanbeseen/observedfromthe/wecanseefromthe…6.Itisclear/apparentfromthetable/chart/diagram/graph/figures(that)...

首段–

首句

Theabovefigureindicatestheamountoffull-timeteachersofregularschoolsinChinabetween1960and1990.首段–

首句

請寫出本圖的第一句話：

Thisgraphshowsthenumberoffull-timeteachersofregularschoolsinChinaduring3decadesfrom1960to1990.首段–

首句首段–

二句Numberoffull-timeteachersofregularschools(inmillions)inChina(1960-1990).首段–

二句連接詞：1.Accordingtothefigure,…2.Itisclearthat…,Itcanbe(clearly)seenthat…,3.From…itcanbe(safely)concludedthat…4.Oneofthemostsurprising/interestingfindswas…5.Comparewith…

如何表達總體趨勢a).Theoveralltrend//generaltrend(主語)+indicates+從句b).Theoveralltrend//generaltrend(主語)+indicates+N.c).Therebe+anoverall+某種趨勢

Itcanbeseenthattherewasanincreasingtrendfrom1960to1990.However,thereweresomefluctuationsinearlieryears.首段–

二句首段–

二句Itcanbeseenthattherewasanincreasingtrendfrom1960to1990.However,thereweresomefluctuationsinearlieryears.Accordingtothefigure,althoughthereweresomefluctuationsinearlieryears,thereexistsindeedanincreasingtrend.Theoveralltrendwastoindicatetheincreasinglygrowingnumber,althoughthereexistssomefluctuationsintheearlieryears.

時態：首句一般現在時，其他一般過去時。*如果圖表是對將來情況的預測，全部用一般現在時。首段–

二句主體段Numberoffull-timeteachersofregularschools(inmillions)inChina(1960-1990).五種描述趨勢的句式

a)Therebe句型:“變化名詞”作主語+IN+被描述對象

e.g.Therewasanincrease/decreaseinthenumberof…b)“描述對象”做主語

e.g.Therewereincreasinglymoreteachers.c)縱坐標作主語(一般為被描述對象)+變化<動詞>+其他

e.g.Thenumber(percentage)of…wentup(wentdown)…

d)橫坐標作主語(一般為時間)+“經歷”

+“變化<名詞>”+IN被描述對象+地點*表示經歷:saw//witnessed//experiencede)地點作主語+“經歷”

+“變化<名詞>”+IN被描述對象+時間連接手段Then/fromthistimeonwards/fromthenon

Therewasarise.Thenthenumberwentdown...2.After/before

Therewasarise,beforethenumberwentdown.Afterarise,therewasadecrease,beforethenumberremainedstable.3.…whichwasfollowedby/whichledto/whichprecededanincrease/decreaseTherewasarise,whichwasfollowedbyadecrease.4.上一句最后時間詞，when...Therewasariseinthenumberofteachersfrom__in__to__in__,whenthenumberwentdown.5.Again（第二次以后的上升/下降）

Therewasarise.Again,thenumberwentdown.6.However...then...（上升和下降之間）

Therewasarise.However,thenumberthenwentdown.

其他關聯詞：類比、對比、句子銜接

However/compareto/incontrast//similarly/conversely//whileSimilarly/likewiseAsto/intermof/asfor

連接手段數據的表達方式From數據in年份to數據in年份Peakat數據bottomat數據Therewere數據Decreaseto數據/increaseuptoabout數據趨勢with數據Whichwasabout數據主體段Numberoffull-timeteachersofregularschools(inmillions)inChina(1960-1990).主體段分項描寫信息：Accordingtothefigure,therewasasharpdecreaseinthenumberofteachersfromfivemillionsin1960tothreemillionsin1962,whichwasfollowedbyarapidincreaseoverthenexttwoyears.Thenumberdroppedagainfromalmostsixmillionsin1964tofivemillionin1966andthenwentupgraduallyuntil1976when

therewasalevelingoffateightmillionsforthenexttenyears.Theyearsfrom1986to1990sawasteadyriseinthenumberofteachers.不要進行主觀描述不要分析原因不要找本質重述總體特征

Inconclusion,moreteacherswereinChineseregularschoolsinthe1990sthan30yearsbefore.

末段CompleteExleThisgraphshowsthenumberoffull-timeteachersofregularschoolsinChinabetween1960and1990.Itcanbeseenthattherewasanincreasingtrendfrom1960to1990.However,thereweresomefluctuationsinearlieryears.Accordingtothefigure,therewasasharpdecreaseinthenumberofteachersfromfivemillionin1960tothreemillionin1962,whichwasfollowedbyarapidincreaseoverthenexttwoyears.Thenumberdroppedagainfromalmostsixmillionin1964tofivemillionin1966andthenwentupgraduallyuntil1976whentherewasalevelingoffateightmillionforthenexttenyears.Theyearsfrom1986to1990sawasteadyriseinthenumberofteachers.Inconclusion,moreteacherswereinChineseregularschoolsinthe1990sthan30yearsbefore.說明趨勢：

trend,momentum.2.描述增加、波動、減少和反轉：

gain,pickup,increase,rise,surge,jump,goup,

decrease,fall,drop,decline,slowdown；

leveloffat/leveloutat;maintain,

fluctuate,fluctuation,reverse

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描述變化程度：

dramatically,suddenly,significantly,sharply,steeply,rapidly,moderately,gradually,steadily,slightly,slowly,表示高、底：

peakat/of…peakingat…;reachthebottom/botttomoutat…

5.表示數據一般：

have10%;at10%;over10%

最高（低）點：

peaked;reachedapeak/high(point)

bottomedout;reachedthebottom

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6.表示程度：

almostadv.幾乎，差不/nearlyadv.幾乎，密切地

approximatelyadv.近似的，大約

aboutadv.附近，大約，轉向，左右，周圍

justover剛超過/overadv.結束，越過，從頭到尾

exactlyadv.正確地，嚴密地

preciselyadv.正好精確地；清晰地表示范圍：

from…to…between…and…for…to…多長時間直到8.比例：

20percent20%oneinthree1/3oneoutofeveryfour1/4

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Time

This1

2showsthe3inthenumberofpeopleatLondonUndergroundstationoverthecourseofaday.Thebusiesttimeofthedaycomesinthemorning.Thereisa4

5between06:00and08:00,with400peopleusingthestationat8o’clock.Afterthisnumber6tolessthan200at10o’clock.Between11:00and14:00thenumber7

8toexactly300peopleusingthestation.Time

From2pmonwards,thenumbers9,withlessthan100usingthestationat4pm.Thereisthena

10

11toapeakat380at6pm.After7pm,thenumbers12

13withonlya14increaseagainat8pm,tailingoffafter9pm.Overall,thegraphshowsthatthestationismostcrowdedintheearlymorningwhenmostpeoplearetravellingtoworkandearlyeveningperiodswheneveryoneiscominghome.

ThelinegraphshowsestimatedsalesofgoldinDubaifor12monthsin2002inmillionsofdirhams.Thereweretwomainseasonsforgoldsales.ThemainseasonforsalesisintheDecembertoMayperiod.Saleswereconsistentlyabove200milliondirhamspermonth,risingsharplytoapeakof350milliondirhamsinMarch.However,forthenextfourmonths,salesdeclinedsteadily,reachinganannuallowof120milliondirhamsinJuly.InAugust,therewasasuddenincrease.Salesalmostdoubled,risingfrom120milliondirhamsinJulyto210milliondirhamsinAugust.ThiswasfollowedbyadropinSeptember,backtotheJulyfigure.FromSeptembertoOctober,salesrecovered,from120to180million.InOctoberandNovember,salesremainedsteady,andtherewasasmallincreaseinDecemberto190milliondirhams.

Inconclusion,themainsalesperiodisintheearlypartoftheyear,slumpinginthesummer,exceptforasuddenincreaseinAugust.每一類圖有其自己最想要表達的地方突出重點數據的重點突出和非重點處理1)Ascanbeseenfromthechart…2)Itisclearfromthegraphthat…3)Thediagramshows…however,/incontrast,/onthecontrary/Comparedwith…contraryto…3)個性化的表達客觀寫作Keypoints對比特征或數據

IELTSWRITING雙曲線寫法：首段—與寫一條曲線方法相同中間段落—分別描寫兩條曲線末段—寫兩條曲線的共同點和不同點Thegraphbelowshowsradioandtelevisionaudiencesthroughoutthedayin1992.RadioandtelevisionaudiencesintheUK,October-December1992.兩條曲線

Thegraphshowsthepercentageofaudiencesover4yearsoldofUKfollowstheradioandtelevisionthroughoutthedayduringtheperiodOctober-December1992.(第一句)

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Fromthegraph,wecanseeclearlythatintheearlymorning,at6am,fewpeoplewatchTV.However,fromthistimeonwards,thenumberofTVaudienceisontherise.Atnoon,thepeoplewatchingTVaccountforabout8%ofthetotalpopulation.Intheperiodbetween12:00and2:00p.m.,theTVaudienceexperiencesasharpincreasefrom8%toapproximately18%.

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From2:00p.m.to4:00p.m.,thefigureremainsconstantatabout18%,thenballoonstothepeakoftheday,reachingapproximately50%.ThenumberofTVaudiencesdropsdramaticallyfrom10p.m.tillitreachesitsbottomat3p.m.

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Ontheotherhand,thereisasharpincreaseinradioaudiencefrom6.a.mto9a.m.,peakingatabout28%at8:30a.m.However,fromthispointonwards,itdeclinesgraduallyfortherestoftheday,bottomingoutat4:00a.m.thenextday.

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Inbrief,thenumberofTVandradioaudiencesvariesaccordingtodifferentphasesoftimeprobablyduetothedifferentfeaturesofthesetwomedia.

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ThegraphbelowcomparesthenumberofvisitstotwonewmusicsitesonthewebThegraphillustratespeopleusingnewmusicplacesontheInternetinfifteendaysperiodoftime.Theoveralltrendshowsfluctuationwithslightincreasetowardstheendoftheperiod.Fromthegraph,wecanseeclearlythat40,000peoplegoontoMusicChoicewebsiteonfirst-day,andhalfofthembackoutthenextday.Whileonthethirdday,theMusicChoicelovers’numberarenearlythreetimesofthatonthesecond.InContrast,PopParadewebsiteisvisitedby120,000musicloversonthefirstday,andthenumberdecreasesslightlyonnextdaythereafterregainingthesameonthe3rdday.After3rddaytheenthusiasmforbothmusiclinesonInternetdropsslowly-reachingmaximumfallof20,000on7thday.WhereasMusicchoicegainspopularity,slightlyimprovingtogetthestrengthof30,000viewers,butisgettingstilllessvisitorsthanitsopponentPopgroup(40,000)onday7.

Sincethebeginningofnextweek,bothmusiclineshavegainedremarkablerecoveryafterafewfluctuations.With50,000visitorsonthe8thday,thepopParadeloversreachthepeaksofoneandahalfthousandnewviewerson11thday.However,thenumberofMusicChoiceloversarrivesatnearlythebottomonthesamedaywith20,000visitors.Andafterthat,MusicChoicegainsanrapidly-increasingpopularityon12thdaywith120,000newwebvisitors.

Duringtheendoftheperiod,thenumberofPopsiteviewershasaconsiderableincrease,comingtothetopof180,000onthe14thday,whereasthenumberofMusicChoicevisitorsisdecreasinggenerally,withlessthan80,000explorersonthelast.

Inbrief,bycomparingthenumberofvisitstotwonewmusicsitesontheweb,thisgraphshowsindividuals’personalchoicesforthetrendypopmusic.圖表開頭5分表達Thechartdepicts（that）…該圖呈現出…Thechartshows（that）…Thefigures/statisticsshow（that）Thediagramreveals…

Thechartillustrates（that）…

圖表開頭6分表達Thegraphprovidessomeinterestingdataregarding…該圖為我們提供了有關…有趣數據Thegraphdescribesthetrendof…這個圖描述了…的趨勢Asisshown/demonstrated/exhibitedinthechart/diagram/chart/table…如圖所示Accordingtothechart…根據這些表格…Asisshowninthetable…如圖所示…

圖表開頭6分表達ThistableshowsthechangingproportionofAandBfrom…to…該表格描述了…年到…年之間A與B的比例關系。Thisgraph,presentedinthechart，showsthegeneraltrendin…該圖呈現了…總的趨勢。Ascanbeseenfromthegraph，thetwographsshowthefluctuationof…如圖所示，兩條曲線描述了…的波動情況。

高分表達：Fromthetable/chart/diagram/figure，wecanseeclearlythat…從圖表中我們可以很清楚的看到…

Thechartshowsthechangesinthenumberof…overtheperiodfrom…to…該表格描述了在…年到…年之間…數量的變化。雙曲線寫法：首段—與寫一條曲線方法相同中間段落—分別描寫兩條曲線末段—寫兩條曲線的共同點和不同點Thegraphbelowshowstheproportionofthepopulationaged65andoverbetween1940and2040inthreedifferentcountries.Summarizetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.方法1出現“提供信息”的字眼：Thechart(orgraph)provides/presentsinformation(ordata)about…方法2出現“show/illustrate+n”:Thechart

showsthechangesin…

方法3出現“compare+n”:Thechart

compares…圖標作文怎樣改寫首段?方法1出現“提供信息”的字眼：Thechart(orgraph)provides/presentsinformation(ordata)about…方法2出現“show/illustrate+n”:Thechart

showsthechangesin…

方法3出現“compare+n”:Thechart

compares…圖標作文怎樣改寫首段?方法4出現以“how”引導賓語從句：Thechart(orgraph)shows/illustrateshow…changed(orvaried)…方法5出現以“that”引導賓語從句，可能將總體趨勢粗略描述一下:Thechart(orgraph)shows/reveals/indicates/suggeststhat…圖標作文怎樣改寫首段?

Thethreecurvesgiveninthelinegraphshowusthepercentageoftheagedpeople65andaboveinJapan,SwedenandUSAfrom1940to2040.

首段

ThelinegraphshowstheproportionofpeopleinJapan,Sweden,andUSAaged65andoverfrom1940andtheexpectedproportionsupto2040.

首段方法1分段描述，以不同時間為段,對比三條曲線方法2找相似的2條圖為一組描述，其余的單獨描述方法3分別描述三條圖三線圖主體部分的寫法正文段：方法一In1940theproportionofpeopleaged65ormorestoodatonly5%inJapan,approximately7%inSwedenand9%intheUS.However,whilethefiguresfortheWesterncountriesgrewtoabout15%inaround1990,thefigureforJapandippedtoonly2.5%formuchofthisperiod,beforerisingtoalmost5%againatthepresenttime.Inspiteofsomefluctuationintheexpectedpercentages,theproportionofolderpeoplewillprobablycontinuetoincreaseinthenexttwodecadesinthethreecountries.Amoredramaticriseispredictedbetween2030and2040inJapan,bywhichtimeitisthoughtthattheproportionofelderlypeoplewillbesimilarinthethreecountries正文段：方法一正文段：方法二

Sweden&USAFrom1940to1990,theproportionsofpeopleaged65+intheUSAandSwedenweresimilarandfollowedthesametrend.In1940thefigureswere9%and7%respectively,risingto15%and14%respectivelyin1980,beforedippingto14%and13%respectivelyin1990.Thereafter,American'sproportionleveledoutandisforecastedtoremainat14%until2020,afterwhichitisexpectedto23%in2040.正文段：方法二

However,Sweden'sproportionofpeopleaged65begantoriseafter1990.Thisincreaseisforecastedtocontinueuntil2010whentheproportionisestimatedtobe20%.Then,thereisexpectedtobeaslightdropto18%in2030,followedbyasteepclimbto25%in2040正文段：方法二

JapanThesituationinJapandiffersconsiderably,withafallinthepercentageofpeopleaged65between1940(5%)and1960(3%).Thepercentageremainedsteadyuntil1985,thenitbagantoclimb.Theriseisprojectedtocontinueuntilaround2030,whentheproportionisforecastedtorisedramaticallyto25%,withalessdramaticriseto27%in2040Inbrief,theoveralltrendisariseintheproportionofpeopleaged65inthethreecountriesbetween1940and2040.結尾段同義替換show=indicate/reveal/demonstrate/describe/illustratebeexceptedto=bepredicted/supposed/forecast/estimated/projectedthenumber=figure/percentage/proportion/data

ThegraphbelowshowstheconsumptionoffishandsomedifferentkindsofmeatinaEuropeancountrybetween1979and2004.

分組描述:增長的Chicken

減少的Beef/Lamb

平穩的FishThegraphshowstheconsumptionoffishandsomedifferentkindsofmeatinan

Europeancountrybetween1979and2004.Thegraphillustrateschangesintheamountsofbeef,lamb,chickenandfishconsumedinaparticularEuropeancountrybetween1979and2004.

In1979beefwasbyfarthemostpopular

ofthesefoods,withabout225gramsconsumedperpersonperweek.

Lambandchickenwereeateninsimilarquantities(around150grams),whilemuchlessfishwasconsumed(justover50grams).

However,duringthis25-yearperiodtheconsumptionofbeefandlambfelldramaticallytoapproximately100gramsand55gramsrespectively.

Theconsumptionoffishalsodeclined,butmuchlesssignificantlytojustbelow50grams,soalthoughitremainedtheleastpopularfood,consumptionlevelswerethemoststable.Theconsumptionofchicken,ontheotherhand,showedanupwardtrend,overtakingthatoflambin1980andthatofbeefin1989.By2004ithadsoaredtoalmost250gramsperpersonperweek.overtake=exceed/outweigh/outnumber/morethan

Overall,thegraphshowshowtheconsumptionofchickenincreaseddramaticallywhilethepopularityoftheseotherfoodsdecreasedovertheperiod.表增加increase/rise/raise/growup/幅度小climb幅度大jump/boom/soar/rocket/表下降

fall/decrease/decline/drop幅度大slump圖表作文的時態一般過去時（數據一般是以往的統計）E.g.Inthe2002survey,over75%ofrespondentswithannualincomesabove$100,000consideredleisuretimeextremelyimportant.

圖表作文的時態過去完成時（出現“by+時間”）E.g.Thedivorceratehaddroppedto5%bytheyear1999.圖表作文的時態一般現在時（圖表里沒有出現任何過往的年度，或未顯示這是過去的統計數據）E.g.Britainisresponsiblefor3%oftheworld’scarbondioxidesemissions.圖表作文的時態預測將來（避免使用“will”,這樣的語氣過分肯定，可用“belikelyto,beprojected/expectedto”）E.g.Theprojectionisthatthenumberofpeoplecommittingviolentcrimeislikelytorisebytheendof2007.怎樣避免“數據太多，記流水賬式描述”？突出文字信息可以避免枯燥的閱讀數據E.g.

TheaverageUSfamilyhad4.5peoplein1915,3.3in1967and2.6in2006.AveragefamilysizeintheUSshrank,from3.3peoplein1967to2.6peoplein2006,

comparedto4.5peoplein1915.怎樣避免“數據太多，記流水賬式描述”？Nonmetropolitancountieshadapropertycrimerateof1,250per100,000people,andmetropolitancountiesexperiencedarateof2,529offensesper100,000inhabitants.Thepropertycrimerateinnonmetropolitancountieswasrelativelylow,1,250per100,000people,lessthanhalftherateinmetropolitancounties(2,259offensesper100,000inhabitants)引用數據可否用括號和定語從句？

引用數據可以用括號，不需要引用定語從句，直接引用即可。E.g.Lambwasconsumedinalowerquantity,whichwasaround50grams.Lambwasconsumedinalowerquantity,around50grams.引用數據可否用括號和定語從句？

引用數據可以用括號，不需要引用定語從句，直接引用即可。E.g.NorthAmericahadalowerproportionofdegradedland,whichwasonly5%.NorthAmericahadalowerproportionofdegradedland,atonly5%.引用數據時介詞的選用

by“強調增加或減少的幅度”E.g.Thispercentagegraduallydeclinesby10-20%everydecade.

to常跟增加減少后的最終數值E.g.TherewasadramaticdecreaseinthepreferenceforAmericanmoviesfromalmost2400visitorsin1996to1400visitorsin1998.However,thenumberofvisitorstoAmericanfilmshadbouncedbackto2200in2001.引用數據時介詞的選用With+數據句子的主語不可以是“number,proportion,amount”

這類詞E.g.In1994，Americanfilmswasbyfarthemostpopularofthesethreefilms,withabout2000visitors.At用于某個動詞后面

e.g.In1994thenumberofvisitorsstoodat2400

for

Americanfilms,approximately1000fordomesticmoviesand500for

Asianfilms.bottom/peakat引用數據時介詞的選用句子的主語是number,proportion,amount,figure一類的詞E.g.Thenumberofvisitors

for

Americanfilms

wasbiggestin1996,at2400.圖表作文的分類動態圖出現超過一個時間（年代、月份）的數據；動態圖強調每個對象的趨勢靜態圖沒有出現時間或是只有一個時間的數據；靜態圖強調數據之間的對比動態圖靜態圖級別I數字

（必須讀）最高值（以時間段最終的數據決定）最高值級別II數字（必須讀）時間段最終的數據，因而這決定了最后的排名和每個對象的趨勢第二高值級別III數字（有選擇的讀）以時間段最早的數字決定，因為它決定每個對象的趨勢最低值級別IV數字（有選擇的讀）反轉的數據（如從升到降）、趨勢變化的數據（如升勢加速的數據）、排位變化的數據（如被其它對比物體超越的數據）其他值注：如果題目中出現少于12個數據，最好全部閱讀，否則字數不夠；如果多于12個，動態圖可以忽略某些級別III和IV的數字，靜態圖要將將類似的數據放在一起寫。動態圖靜態圖Step1確定圖的類別，只有一個時間的數據就是靜態圖，多于一個時間的就是動態圖Step2確定描述對象確定描述對象：一般不要以國家、性別、年齡群體等作為描述對象，即不要將國家等對象自己和自己作對比Step3確定每個對象的趨勢：上升；下降；平穩；先升后降或者先降后升類似數據可以歸類Step4從最高值開始描述1990199520002005China5%10%10%22%France12%20%30%30%Australia25%25%20%18%US18%16%19%17%例1：Step1:確定是動態圖，因為有4個時間；

Step2:確定有4個國家，4個對象；Step3：中國、法國上升趨勢，澳大利亞下降，

美國基本保持不變；Step4：從最高值法國開始說起；1990199520002005China5%10%10%22%France12%20%30%30%Australia25%25%20%18%US18%16%19%17%例1：數據的選擇：（總共有16個數據，說明要有取舍）級別I的數據：法國在2005年的數字；級別II的數據：2005年的4個數字；級別III的數據：1990年的4個數字；級別IV的數據：中國1995、2000年的數據，因為保持一致；美國1995年的數字，因為是最低值；法國2000年的數據，因為和2005年的數據保持一致IndustrialwateruseDomesticwateruseAgriculturalwateruseUK23%65%12%Japan20%60%20%China10%50%40%US22%43%35%例2：Step1:確定是靜態圖，因為沒有時間；

Step2:確定有3個對象（工業、農業和家庭用水）；不要將國家為描述對象，因為國家自己和自己比較不好。Step3：類似的數據歸類，

如工業用水，美國和日本數據類似

Step4：從最高值開始說起；IndustrialwateruseDomesticwateruseAgriculturalwateru