Unit1ScienceandScientistsReadthetitle

and

predict.

Who

was

John

Snow?HowdidJohnSnowdefeatKingCholera?Whatdoes“King”implyinthetitle?WhatisKingCholera?aBritishdoctor.Heconductedresearchandfoundouthowcholeraspread.Choleraispowerfulandhardtocure.oneofthemostfeareddiseasesandmillionsofpeoplediedfromitintheearly19thcentury.Thetextismainlyabout____________and_______hedefeatedkingcholera.JohnSnowhowusedto是指過去常常做某事，但是現在不做些事了。表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態，但是如今已不做或不存在了。我過去常常幫助她。

我過去常常在放學后打藍球。

那個女孩過去常常晚飯后散步。accustomThey‘vegotaccustomedtobeingvegetarain[?ved???te?r??n]n. 素食者水被用來做飲料。磚頭被用來蓋房子。Para.1.passivevoicesymptomshitVIDEOTIMEvt.擊；打；撞擊；碰撞到；命中；擊中；使猛撞；擊打推進；擊打移動；擊出…得分；使受嚴重影響；對…造成不利影響；使突然意識到；達到；取得成功；遇到；遭遇；謀殺；干掉；投合；迎合；猜對；偶然發現；到達；在…出現；要求；向…提出要求；過量飲（酒）；n.撞擊；碰撞；擊；擊中；恰當的話；詼諧的評論；妙語；受到廣泛歡迎的人（或事物）；好運氣；謀殺；深吸的一口煙；大飲的一口酒；一長條毒品；海洛因的一次注射；（網站的）一次訪問；取得成功hit詞義：1.Igottwohitsthatafternoon,andEmilydidn’tmakeasound.2.Hisbook,EatRightforYourType,hasbeenahitwithpeoplewhowanttoloseweight.3.TheWanderingEarthisahitofChina’ssci-fimovie.命中；擊中受到廣泛歡迎的人（或事物）取得成功1.Awifemayhittheceilingbecauseherhusbandforgottheirweddinganniversary.妻子可能會因為丈夫忘了他們的結婚紀念日而勃然大怒。2.Hisremarksalwayshitthenailonthehead.他的評論總是一針見血。Whyisdefeatingcholeraquitesignificant?themostsevereevenmillionsofnoonceandforallPara.2Findaproblem→Askaquestion1.Whatarethetwotheories?WhichtheorydidJohnSnowthinkwasreasonable?2.WhatdidJohnSnowinvestigatewhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854?Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.Consequently,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.WhWhatwashispurpose/result?atwashispurpose/result?Whatwashispurpose?Whatdoestheredstarsstandfor?multipledeathshappenedhere.Whatdoesthegreenstarsstandfor?Nodeathhappenedhere.Why?Butheneededproofs!1.WhatmethoddidSnowuse?2.Whatdidhefindonthemap?Whatdidhedotodealwithit?AmapofBroadStreetPara.3Analyzetheresults→FindsupportingevidenceSuspectthatthewaterfromthepumpwastoblame.CLUE:freebeerfrompublichouseWhileReadingStageKeywordsorsentences1.2contrarytheories2.intwoparticularstreetthecholerawassosevere.....findoutwhy3.markingonthemap4.housesnumber16,37,38and40;20and21;8and95.multipledeathnearthewaterpump;somehouseshadnodeath.6.awomanandherdaughterhaddied,thewomanlikedthewater....haditdeliveredtoherhouse7.JohnSnowannouncedthatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.analysetheresultaskaquestiondrawaconclusioncollectdatafindsupportingevidencethinkofamethodfindaproblemRigorousattitudetoscienceCriticalthinkingCreativityP2-3Putthefollowingscientificstagesinrightorder.2.WhatcontributionsdidJohnSnowmake?TheFatherofModernEpidemiology1.WhatcausedtheoutbreakofcholerainLondonin1854?ReadPara.4-5andanswerthequestions.Post-readingInordernottogetinfectedwithdisease,whatshouldwepayattentiontoinourdailylife.Drinkboiledwater.Washyourhandsoften.Cookrawfoodthoroughly.Dealwithrubbishtimelyandproperly.Heatthefoodleftovernight.Remembertowearamaskwhengoingout.Summary

課文語法填空JohnSnowwas1.__well-knowndoctorinLondoninthe19thcentury.Hewantedtofindthecauseofcholerainordertohelppeople2._________

(infect)withit.In1854whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondon,he3.______

(begin)togatherinformation4.____________

(immediate).Hemarkedonamap5.______allthedeadpeoplehadlivedandhefoundthatmanypeoplewho6.__________(drink)thedirtywater7._____thepumpdied.Soheannouncedthatthepumpwater8.________

(carry)choleragerms.Hesuggestedthatthesourceofallwatersupplies9._____________________(examine)andnewmethodsof10.________

(deal)withpollutedwaterbefound.Finally,“KingCholera”wasdefeated.a

infected

began

immediately

where

haddrunkfromcarried(should)beexamineddealing1.usedtodo/be2.anoutbreakof...3.diefrom...4.attendedto5.givebirth（to)6.losedesireto7.onceandforall過去常常做/是...的爆發死于照顧，護理生孩子失去做某事的希望最終地，徹底地Para1phrases畫線部分是由until引導的時間狀語從句否定式：not...until...結構。倒裝結構：部分倒裝“Notuntil＋謂語助動詞＋主語＋謂語”。強調結構：Itis/wasnotuntil＋時間從句或短語＋that＋主句。LanguagePoints1intime及時；終于；遲早intime作“終于；遲早”講時，常單獨使用，作狀語。intime作“及時”講時，后常跟forsth.或todosth.。(1)Youwillsucceedintimeaslongasyoudon’tgiveup.只要不放棄，你總有一天會成功。(2)Thedoctorcameintime

(save)hislife.醫生及時趕到并搶救了他的生命。(3)Luckyforhim，hewasjustintime

thebus.幸運的是，他及時趕上了公共汽車。tosavefor

time相關短語①fromtimetotime

有時；偶爾②atatime 每次③innotime 立刻；馬上④atthesametime 同時⑤atonetime 一度；從前⑥atnotime 絕不(置于句首時，用部分倒裝)(1)Ican’tgooutwithyoutonightbecauseIhaveanurgentthingto

.attendvt.出席；參加vt.&vi.照顧；護理vi.處理attendameeting/alecture/school參加會議/聽報告/上學attendtosb./sth.照料……；處理……；招待……attendto1.Ingeneral2.becausedby3.subscribeto4.bedeterminedtodo5.needproof6.findoutwhy總的來說，大體上由…導致同意決定做某事需要證據查明原因Para2phrases5.Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheories.

contradictory

adj.

互相矛盾的；互相對立的

becontradictoryto…

與……矛盾、相反【拓展】____________v.反駁;與……相矛盾____________n.抵觸;矛盾;矛盾的說法contradictcontradictioncontraditorycontradicteachotherHediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.

so+形容詞/副詞+that...

6.so...that...如此...以至于

引導結果狀語從句的常見句型so+形容詞+a/an+可數名詞單數+that...

so+many/few+可數名詞復數+that...

so+much/little+不可數名詞+that...

1.Heransoquicklythatweallcouldn’tcatchupwithhim.2.Thisissointerestingabookthatweallenjoyreadingitinoursparetime.3.Shehasso

muchtalentthathermotherfeelsproudofher.4.Hehaspublishedso

manynovelsthatIcan’tfinishreadingtheminashorttime.溫馨提示：such...that常用于以下三種句型：1.such+a/an+形容詞+可數名詞單數+that...2.such+形容詞+可數名詞復數+that...3.such+形容詞+不可數名詞+that1.markonamaptheexactplace2.multipledeaths3.betoblame

4.asaresultof5.moveawayfrom6.itseemedthat在地圖上標出特定的位置多例死亡應受責備由于從..離開、搬離似乎...看起來...Para3phrases7.Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.斯諾開始在地圖上標注所有死者生活的精確地址。1.where引導定語從句,先行詞為palce在從句中做地點狀語。2.who引導定語從句，先行詞為those那些人，做主語where可轉換成適當的“介詞＋which”的形式。表示抽象地點的名詞(case，scene，situation，condition，race，life，point等)作先行詞，且從句中缺少地點狀語時，常用關系副詞where引導定語從句。(1)Theyborrowedmaterialsfromthehospital

they’dtrainedasnursingassistants.(2)Inthemiddleofthesittingroom，thereisatablewhere(＝

)manydishesareplaced.(3)Theyarenowinasituation

theyneedtomakeapracticalplan.whereonwhichwhere8.have+賓語+賓語補足語

結構

have+賓語+過去分詞

（done）

使某事被完成have+賓語+現在分詞

（doing）

表示動作進行或持續

e.g:1.Wehavethemchinemendedjustnow.

e.g:2.Ican’thaveyouspeakingtoyourmotherinarudemanner.

小題集訓1.Ican’thaveyou____________(lie)toyourparents.2.Whendidyouhaveyourhouse_________(paint)?lyingpaintedItseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfrom