何為定語從句？用來說明主句中某一名詞或代詞（有時也可說明整個主句或主句中一部分）而起定語作用的句子叫作定語從句。

ThebookwhichIamreadingiswrittenby TomasHardy.定語從句先行詞第一頁，共二十一頁。如何寫定語從句？以定語從句的形式合并這兩句：①Thefactoryliesinthewestofthecity.②Hisfatherworksthere(inthefactory).①Thefactoryliesinthewestofthecity②Hisfatherworksinthefactory.which(that)liesinthewestofthecitywhere(inwhich)hisfatherworks第二頁，共二十一頁。以定語從句的形式合并這兩句：①Theyrushedovertohelptheman.②Hiscarhadbrokendown.Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.①Istillremembertheplace.②Imetherthereforthefirsttime.IstillremembertheplacewhereImetherforthefirsttime.第三頁，共二十一頁。由什么詞來引導定語從句定語從句由關系詞（關系代詞、關系副詞）引導關系詞功能關系代詞that,which,who,whom,whose代替先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當主語、賓語、表語、定語等關系副詞when,where,why代替先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語（時間狀語、地點狀語、原因狀語）第四頁，共二十一頁。如何判斷用關系代詞還是關系副詞？用關系代詞，還是關系副詞完全取決于從句中缺什么成分。如果缺少主語、賓語、表語或定語，則選用關系代詞；如果缺少狀語，則選用關系副詞。

Thisisthemountainvillage______Istayedlastyear. Thisisthemountainvillage______Ivisitedlastyear.vi.vt.wherewhich第五頁，共二十一頁。關系副詞

when,where,why關系副詞所代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語（時間狀語、地點狀語、原因狀語），相當于“介詞+關系代詞”Thereareoccasionswhenonemustyield.

onwhichBeijingistheplacewhereIwasborn.

inwhichIsthisthereasonwhyherefusedouroffer?

forwhich

小結：1.分析是時間狀語、地點狀語、還是原因狀語，然后選用對應的關系詞。第六頁，共二十一頁。介詞＋which/whom中，如何選擇介詞？①取決于定語從句中的動詞或形容詞的搭配Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone______whomtheycantalkfrequently.Ilovemyhometown______whichIfeelproud.Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobs______whichtheyarebeingtrained.②取決于先行詞與介詞連用的規律Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedscenes______whichpeoplewereeatenbythetiger.withinforof第七頁，共二十一頁。Canyouthinkofasituationwherethisphrasecanbeused?we'vejusttryingtoreachingapointwherebothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.Thisisthecasewherehegotallhismoneystolen2.當抽象時間名詞occasion,period,stay被修飾，且從句結構完整時，用when

Thereareoccasionswhenpeopleprefertotakeataxiwhenthereisconvenientbusservice.1.當抽象地點名詞（situation,case,stage,scene,

point,job,activity)被修飾，且從句結構完整時，用where=inwhich抽象的時間與地點第八頁，共二十一頁。先行詞在從句中做主語/賓語Aplaneisamachinethat/whichcanfly.Heisthemanthat/whowantstoseeyou.Heistheman(that/who/whom)Isawyesterday.

Thenoodles(that/which)Icookedweredelicious.總結：1.先行詞在從句中做主語時，關系詞不可省略，先行詞是人時用who/that，先行詞是物時用which/that。2.先行詞在從句中做賓語時，關系詞可以省略，先行詞是人時用who/whom/that，先行詞是物時用which/that。第九頁，共二十一頁。①做賓語時，關系詞可省略。口語或非正式語體中可用who替代whomThefish(which/that)weboughttasteddelicious.Theman(whom/that/who)youtalkedtoisMr.Li.②先行詞在從句中充當主語，關系詞不能省略，且要主謂一致Don’tchooseme,who

amnotfitforthisjob.Heisoneoftheboys

who

arelateforschool.Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho

islateforschool.第十頁，共二十一頁。③介詞后只用which/whom，且不能省略Thevillageisfarawayfromhere.Helivesinthevillage.Thevillagethat/whichhelivesinisfarawayfromhere.Thevillagein

whichhelivesisfarawayfromhere.Theman(whom/that/who)youtalkedtoisMr.Li.Themanto

whomyoutalkedjustnowisMr.Li.第十一頁，共二十一頁。用that而不用which的情況①不定代詞all,much,little,few,none,anything,everything,nothing,something

等作先行詞時，只用thatIsthereanythingelse(that)youwanttoknow?②先行詞被

all,every,no,some,any,little,much

等修飾時，只用thatAllthebooks(that)youneedarehere.③先行詞前有形容詞最高級、序數詞及theonly,thevery,thelast修飾時，只用thatThisistheverypen(that)sheislookingfor.④先行詞既有人又有物時Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools(that)hehadvisited.第十二頁，共二十一頁。用that而不用which的情況(5)先行詞是who或who引導的主句。

Whoisthegirl

thatdrovethecar?Who

thatbrokethewindowwillbepunished.(6)當先行詞是which時，關系代詞用that.

Whichisthebookthatyouboughtlastweek?(7)主句以Therebe

句型，且關系詞在從句中做主語

Thereare200peoplethatdidn’tknowthething.(8)當先行詞在主句中作表語，并且在定語從句也作表語時，關系代詞用that.

Sheisn’tthegirl

thatshewas10yearsago.Ningboisn’tthecitythatitusedtobe.

Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.

第十三頁，共二十一頁。先行詞在從句中做定語關系代詞whose的用法舉例Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.

=ofwhomthe

carhadbrokendown.Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.

=ofwhichthecoverisgreen.

Theschoolshop,whosecustomersaremainlystudents,isclosedfortheholidays.Theprizewillgotothewriterwhosestoryshowsthemostimaginary.第十四頁，共二十一頁。解題定語從句第一步：找準先行詞。第二步：分析定語從句中缺少什么成分。第三步：選準關系詞。Isthisthereason____________heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?Wearelivinginanage_____________manythingsaredoneoncomputer(which/that)when/inwhich第十五頁，共二十一頁。限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區別限制性定語從句對先行詞有限定制約作用；非限制性定語從句只是對主句內容或先行詞的補充、解釋或附加說明。非限制性定語與主句之間有一個逗號“,”隔開。注意：①that不能引導非限制性定語從句；②非限制性定語從句中的關系代詞和關系副詞一般不能省略。Howdoyouapologizetoyourfriendwhosebikeyoulost?Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasalovelygarden.HeseemsnottohaveunderstoodwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.第十六頁，共二十一頁。as在定語從句中的用法①當先行詞前面有so+adj.+a或者such+(a)+adj.,thesame

等詞修飾時，用as引導，在句中充當成分Sheissoniceagirlaswealllike.Itissuchaninterestingbookasweallwanttoread.比較：Sheissoniceagirlthatwealllikeher.Itissuchaninterestingbookthatweallwanttoreadit.②as引導的非限制性定語從句位置較靈活，可以位于主句前面、中間或后面，一般用逗號與主句隔開。但which所引導的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后Hehasmadegreatprogress,whichmakesusveryhappy.Asyouexpected,heturnedupontime.第十七頁，共二十一頁。定語從句與強調句的結合Wasitinthegarden(___________weusedtoworkin)____thefamousactorsandactresseshadapicnic.強調句去掉Itis….that仍完整---Wheredidyoumeetthefootballstars?---Itwasinthehotel____welived.that/whi