高考英語講義特殊句式高考英語講義特殊句式/高考英語講義特殊句式高考英語講義教學目的了解倒裝、強調句、反義疑問句、主謂一致、省略、it用法上課時間上課時長上課內容特殊句式課次倒裝全部倒裝（將整個謂語部分放在主語之前）在therebe句型中（其中be還可以換成seem，live，stand，lie，appear，lie，exist，come等動詞），要全部倒裝Longlongago，therelivedakingwholikedhorsesverymuch.Therearemanypeopledancinginthesquare.Thereseemstohaveaconcertinthehalltomorrow.Thereliesasnakealongthelake.such放句首，句子全部倒裝(注意主謂一致，以謂語動詞后面的成分來確定的單復）Suchwashislifethen.Suchiswhathewants.Suchwereherbooks.以there，here，now，then，thus等引導的句子中，謂語動詞常為be，come，go等，句子全部倒裝Theregoesthebell.Herecomesthebus.Thencameanewdifficultquestion.Thereringsthetelephone.以down，up，out，away等表示位置轉移的副詞位于句首時，句子全部倒裝(人稱代詞出現時，句子不倒裝）Upwentthearrowintothesky.Incametheteacher.Awayranthedog.Outrushedthepeoplefromtheirhousewhentheearthquakehappened.Inshecame.Hereyouare.Outitran.(人稱代詞出現，不倒裝）表地點的介詞短語放在句首，句子要用倒裝Intheclassroomstaysagirl.Onthedeskliesabook.部分倒裝（將謂語中的助動詞，情態動詞，be動詞放在主語之前）only+狀語（副詞，介詞短語，狀語從句）放在句首，謂語動詞部分倒裝OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceofEnglish.Onlyinthiswaycanyousolvetheproblem.OnlywhenIcameintothehousedidIrecognizetheman.注：only修飾主語時，句子不用倒裝Onlyyoucanfinishthework.so+be動詞/助動詞/情態動詞+主語，句子部分倒裝SodidI（我也是）和sohedoes（他確實是）的判斷方法〈1〉判斷原句正負（一定為正，否定為負）原句為正用so開頭，原句為負用neither或nor開頭〈2〉判斷原句的be/助動詞/情態動詞（根據時態和人稱確定）〈3〉看人稱所指一致不一致人稱所指一致，用正序；人稱所指不一致用倒序〈4〉如果出現第三個人和前面兩人的情況相同時，用itisthesamewithsb.如果兩者情況都相同時，并且原句為否定，則省略句還可用：主語be/助動詞/情態動詞+either.Iwentthereyesterday,sodidhe.我昨天去那里了，他也去了。——Tomisagoodstudent.——Soheis.(強調他的卻是）SheneverwenttoBeijing.NeitherdidI.（強調我也沒去過）否定副詞或短語放在句首，句子部分倒裝Never，no，hardly，scarcely，barely，seldom，little，not，few,nowhere，rarely，innotime，bynomeans，innocase，under/innocircumstances等NotasinglemistakedidImake.NeverbeforehaveIseensuchamovingfilm.Seldomdoeshegetupearly.復合句型的倒裝〈1〉Notuntil提前主倒從不倒陳述語序：Wedidnothavesupperuntilhereturnedhome.倒裝語序：Notuntilhereturnedhomedidwehavesupper.〈2〉nosooner……than……/Hardly……when……（一……就）Nosooner+句子部分倒裝（過去完成時）than+句子（一般過去時）Hardly+句子部分倒裝（過去完成時）when+句子（一般過去時）Nosoonerhadthebellrungthantheteachercamein.Hadlyhadwearrivehomethenthetelephonerang.Nosoonerhadhepickupthepaperthantheownerreachedandaskforit.〈3〉notonly……butalso……（不但……而且……）前倒后不倒Notonlywasheforcedtostayathome,butalsohehadtodohishomework.Notonlyhashearrivedthedestination,butalsohepreparedatableofdeliciousfoodforus.〈4〉so……that……（如此……以至于……）前倒后不到So+形容詞+be+主語that……So+副詞+助動詞+主語+實意動詞that……Soclearlydoeshespeakthatweallunderstandwhathesays.Sofastdidherunthatwecannotgowithhim.Sofastdidheridethemotorbikewhenheturnaroundthecornerthathefelldownheavily.〈5〉讓步狀語從句中，從句部分倒裝句型例句名詞+as/though+主系,主句Childasheis,heknowsalot.形容詞+as/though+主系Youngasheis，hefinishesiteasily.副詞+as/though+主謂Hardashehadworked，hefailedtheexam.動詞原形+as/though+主助Tryashedid，hefailed.上述句子都可以換成用although或but引導的讓步狀語從句（陳述句式）：Althoughheisachild,heknowsalot.Althoughheisyoung,hefinishesiteasily.Althoughhehadworkedhard,hefailedtheexam.Hetried,buthefailed.強調句型1.類型和結構類型結構例句一定Itis/was+被強調部分+that/who+其他成分Itismyfatherwhoalwaysgivesmemoney.一般疑問句Is/wasit+被強調部分+that/who+其他成分Wasityoursisterwhohelpedyou？特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+is/was+itthat+其他成分Wherewasitthattheyboughtthebike？Whatwasitthatmadetheresultchanged其他Itmightbe+被強調部分+that+其他Itmusthavebeen+被強調部分+that+其他ItmightbeTomwhobrokethewindow.ItmusthavebeenTomwhobrokethewindowlastnight.2.Notuntil的強調句型Hedidnotgotobeduntil11o’clock.Itwasnotuntil11o’clockthathewenttobed.比較：陳述句式：Hedidnotgotobeduntilhismothercameback.倒裝句式：Notuntilhismothercamebackdidhegotobed.強調句式：Itwasnotuntilhismothercamebackthathewenttobed.謂語動詞的強調Do/does/did+動詞原形，可以用來強調謂語動詞表示“的卻，確實”Idohopeyouwillstaytolunch.Hedidattendthemeeting.4、強調句和其他句型的區別：（1）強調句和主語從句的區別：Itistherethataccidentsoftenhappens.ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.（2）強調句和定語從句的區別ItisnovelsthatMissWilliamenjoysreading.Itisaquestionthatneedscarefullyconsideration.（3）強調句和狀語從句的區別：Itwasat6:00thatIgotuptoday.Itwas6:00whenIgetup.ItwastwoyearsagothatIbegantolearnEnglish.ItwastwoyearssinceIbegantolearnEnglish.Itwastwoyearsbeforehecamebackfromabroad.Itwastwoyearslaterthathecamebackfromabroad.反意疑問句做反意疑問句的步驟判斷陳述部分的正負（正為一定，負為否定認識否定詞）否定詞：seldom,hardly,never,few,nothing,nobody,nowhere,no,scarcely，barely，little，not，nowhere，rarely，innotime，bynomeans，innocase，under/innocircumstances判斷陳述部分需要用的代詞反意部分為：be/助動詞/情態動詞+人稱（根據前肯后否，前否后肯的原則）Lucyisagoodstudent,isn’tsheIamthefirstonetocometoschool,aren’tI2、反意疑問句的類型（1）陳述部分含有must的反意疑問句①當must為“必須”時，其反意部分用needn’t，當含有mustn’t（不允許，禁止）時，反意部分用must/may.Youmustgonow,needn’tyouYoumustn’tsmokehere,mustyou/mayyou②當must表推測，為“一定，準是”時(對現在的推測)mustbe,反意部分用be(am/is/are)+n’t+人稱代詞Hemustbeathome,isn’theYoumustbehungrynow,aren’tyou(對過去的推測)一定用musthavedone否定用can’thavedone有時間狀語反意部分用did/didn’t+人稱代詞反意部分,分兩種情況：Youmusthavewatchedthatfootballmatchlastnight,didn’tyou無時間狀語反意部分用have/has（n’t）+人稱代詞Youmusthaveheardaboutit,haven’tyou(2)陳述部分有usedto的反意疑問句，反意部分用usedn’t/didn’t+人稱代詞Youusedtosleepwiththewindowsopen,usedn’tyou(3)陳述部分有oughtto的反意疑問句Heoughttoattendthelecture,oughtn’t/shouldn’the

(4)陳述部分有seldom，hardly，scarcely，never，few，little，nothing，nobody，nowhere，no，none，noneof，neither，nor等否定或半否定詞，反意部分用一定形式。Hecouldhardlywalkwithoutastick,couldhe(5)陳述部分含有表示否定意義的前綴構成的詞（unsatisfied，uncertain，impossible，irregular，unhappy,discover,unsuccessful,unfamiliar的反意疑問句，反意部分用否定形式。Mysisterisunhappywithherposition,isn’tsheTomdislikesplayingtennis,doesn’the含有賓語從句的反意疑問句一般含有從句的反義疑問句，只需要需要看主句的謂語動詞，和人稱當主句中含有否定轉移的詞think，believe，suppose，expect，imagine時，前肯后否，前否后肯主語為第一人稱，反意部分看從句的助動詞和人稱代詞MymotherandIthoughtthegirlwasright,wasn’tsheIdon’tbelievehewillsucced,willhe主語為第二三人稱，反意部分看主句的助動詞和人稱代詞Heneverthinksthebuildingcanbefinishedthisyear,doesheYouseldomknowwhatistherealgoalofthisaction,doyou(7)祈使句的反意疑問句，不表反意，只表示一種語氣Letusgo，willyouLet’sgo,shallweDon'tsmokehere,willyouRunquickly,won’tyou/willyou(8)反意問句的回答要么一定，要么否定不能出現yes，Idon’t.No,Ido.應該用：Yes，heis.No,heisn’t.反意疑問句的主語和陳述部分的主語在人稱和數上保持一致陳述部分主語反意疑問句主語例句one（指人）one或heOnecan'tbecarefulenough，canhe/one？this,that,these,thoseit/theyThisisn’tafasttrain,isiteverything,anything,something,nothingitNothinghappenedtohim,diditSomethinghasgonewrongwiththismachine,hasn’titeverybody,everyone,someone,somebody,noone,nobody,anybody,anyonehe或theyEverybodyagreedtotheplan,didn’ttheyNobodylikestobelaughedat,doesn’tthey/don’tthey不定式/動名詞/其他短語ItLearningEnglishwelltakesalotoftime,doesn’titTherebe句型be/情態動詞/助動詞+thereThereisnodoubtaboutit,isthereThereusedtobeachurchhere,didn’t/usedn’tthereTherewillberaintomorrow,won’tthereThereshouldbenoproblem,shouldthere四、主謂一致（語法一致，意義一致，就近原則）（一）、并列主語的主謂一致由and連接兩個名詞或代詞做主語，即AandB，可分為三種情況：①A和B表示不同的人，物或者概念，謂語動詞要用復數形式：TomandJackwereclosefriendslastyear.Thedoctorandthenurseshouldalwayshelpthesickpeople.②A和B表示同一人，物和概念時，謂語動詞要用單數形式：Trialanderroristhesourceofourknowledge.Knifeandforkisusefulindinner.Breadandbutterisnutritious.Thedoctorandnurseishelpingthepoorpeopleinthevillage.③A和B之前有each，every，manya，no等修飾語時，謂語動詞要用單數，B前的限定詞可省略Eachboyand(each)girlhasanapple.Manyamanandwomanlikeseatingsomethingdelicious.由or，nor，either……or……，neither……nor……，not……but……，notonly……butalso……，連接的并列主語，通常根據就近原則，謂語動詞的單復數要和它臨近的主語的數保持一致Oneortwofriendsarecomingthisevening.NeitherhenorIamgoingtobeinchargeofthisprogram.如果主語后有with，alongwith，togetherwith，but，expect，like，inadditionto，including，besides，aswellas，asmuchas，around,ratherthan，morethan等引起的短語，用就遠原則Anexpert,aswellassomeassistants,wassenttohelpthiswork.TomalongwithhisfriendsgoesskatingonSundays.注：therebe句型也用就近原則Thereisadeskintheroom，buttherearenochairsinit.（二）、單一主語的主謂一致1、以s結尾的名詞的主謂一致以s結尾的專有名詞做主語的主謂一致①國名，書名，報紙名，劇名：theUnitedStates，TheUnitedNations,TheNewYorkTimes，TheArabianNights做主語，謂語動詞用單數②如果群島，山脈，海峽，瀑布等地理名詞做主語，謂語動詞用復數TheHimalayashaveamagnificentvarietyofplant.以ics結尾的學科名詞physics，maths，politics，means,news等做主語，謂語動詞用單數Mathsisaninterestingsubject.Everymeanshasbeentried.以s結尾的由兩部分組成的工具，衣服，等做主語，謂語動詞用復數Trousers褲子pants短褲goods貨物shoes鞋子glasses眼睛clothes衣服如果這些詞由apair(suit,piece,series,kind)of修飾時，謂語動詞用單數Myglassesarenew.John’strousersareblack.Thereisapairofshoesunderthechair.Apieceofchalkcanbeusedtowritewords.如果pair，suit，piece，series，kind為復數時，謂語動詞要用復數形式。Twopairsofshoesareontheshelf,pleasepassmethem.動名詞，不定式，從句做主語，謂語動詞用單數由what引導的主語從句做主語，應根據意義一致原則來決定位于動詞的單復數Whattheyneedismoney.Whattheyneedaresomebooks.不定式，動名詞做主語時，謂語動詞用單數Towalkinthenewstreetisexciting.Readingishelpfultous.由連接詞連接的多個非謂語動詞做主語，表示同一概念，謂語動詞用單數；表達不同概念，謂語動詞用復數。Togotobedearlyandtoriseearlyisagoodhabit.Toliveandtoworkaretwodifferentthings.關系代詞who，that，which在定語從句中做主語時，謂語動詞應與句中的先行詞一致Thosewhowanttogoshouldputhandsup.LiHuaisoneofthestudentswhohavepassedthetest.LiHuaisonlyoneofthestudentswhohaspassedthetest.EitheryouorI,whoamtheleaderoftheprogramshouldgiveamuchbetterplanforthisstage.（三）、集體名詞做主語的主謂一致group，family，army，enemy，government，等做主語，如果強調整體，謂語動詞用單數；強調個體，謂語動詞用復數Myfamilyisalargeandgoodfamily.ThefamilyareonholidayinEurope.cattle，police，people，folk，youth，majority，public做主語，謂語動詞用復數Thepolicearesearchingforthethief.ThemajorityareonTom’sside.equipment，furniture，jewelry，clothing，machinery不可數名詞，謂語動詞用單數Thefurnitureheboughtwasoutoffashion.Theequipmentoftakingphotoswasexpensive.（四）、代詞做主語的主謂一致由either，neither，each，one，another，theother，anybody，anything，anyone，nothing，nobody，noone，something，someone，somebody，everything，everyone，little，much等做主語謂語動詞用單數Eachofthebookscostsfiveyuan.Somebodyisusingthephone.all做主語時，指整體概念，表示一切，謂語動詞用單數；若指具體的人或者物時，謂語動詞用復數Allhasbeentried.Allthatwewantistobecalm.Allthatglittersisnotgold.Allthatwewantaresomebooks.None（howmany/howmuch的回答）做主語指代不可數名詞，謂語動詞用單數；指代可數名詞時，謂語動詞用單數或復數Isthereanymilkintheglass？No，thereisnone.Noneofthemhas/havearrived.both，few，afew，many，several做主語或+名詞復數，謂語動詞用復數Bothoftheinstrumentsarenotaccurate.其他①分數、百分數+可數名詞復數+謂語動詞復數不可數名詞+謂語動詞單數Twothirdsoftheyouthsupporttheplan.Threefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.②alotof/lotsof,plentyof,halfof,+可數名詞復數+謂語動詞復數allof,+不可數名詞+謂語動詞單數mostof,therestof,someof③agreatdealof,alargeamountof,amountsof+不可數名詞+謂語動詞單數④several，afew,quiteafew,agreatmany(of),anumberof+名詞復數+謂語動詞復數⑤kind，form，type，sort，species，portion，series，quantityof+名詞做主語，謂語動詞的單復數取決于這些詞的單復數Alargequantityofwaterisintheriver.Largequantitiesofwaterflowintotheriver.⑥“一兩個”oneortwo+名詞復數+謂語動詞復數A+名詞單數+ortwo+謂語動詞單數⑦morethanone+名詞單數+謂語動詞單數More+名詞復數+thanone+謂語動詞單數⑧anumberof+名詞復數+謂語動詞復數/thenumberof+名詞復數+謂語動詞單數⑨時間，重量，距離，價值，體積，長度等名詞復數做主語，謂語動詞用單數Twentyyearsisaperiodofshorttimeinhistory.⑩manya+名詞單數+謂語動詞單數the+形容詞（表一類人）做主語+謂語動詞復數⑾有些名詞,如variety,number,population,proportion,majority等有時看作單數,有時看作復數.Anumberof+名詞復數+復數動詞.Thenumberof+名詞復數+單數動詞.Anumberofbookshavelentout.ThemajorityofthestudentslikeEnglish.ThepopulationofChinais1.4billion.Twothirdsofthepopulationinthevillageliveinahappylife.五、it的用法It為代詞時，1）指代天氣、星期、價值、數量、長度、距離、金錢、季節、時間等人以外的事物。2）不知性別的嬰兒、小孩、不明身份的人3）代替上文提到的事、物句型：It'sverykindofyou.你人真好Makeit/Icanmakeit.成功、實現、完成it'sover.完了。Ican’thelpit.我沒辦法了。Itoccurstosb.that從句某人突然想到……Ittakes/tooksb.+時間todosth花費某人多長時間來干某事Itisthefirsttimethat從句（現完）Itwasthefirst/secondtimethat從句（過完）It’shightimeforsb.todosth該是做……的時候了（虛擬語氣）強調句Itis/was+被強調部分+that/who從句形式主語Itremainstosee/itseems/looks/appears/happensthat從句Itremainstobeseenwhetherthenewlyfoundedcommittee’spolicycanbeputintopractice.形式賓語have/feel/find/makeit+形容詞（difficult/easy/possible等）+todosth.或從句IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.it的幾種易考、易混句型（1）Itbe+段時間+since從句主句一般現在，從句一般過去Ithasbeentwomonthssincewemetlast.（2）Itbe+時間（long,years,months,weeks,days,hours,minutes)+before從句意為：過多長時間，才……be動詞為was，before后用一般過去，be動詞為willbe，before后用一般現在.Itwastheonlyseveraldaysbeforeherealizedthetruththathehasbeenaffectedwith.（3）Itbe+時間（具體的時間）+when從句（一般現在時）be動詞為willbe，從句一般現在時。Itwillbe6:00whenwegetthere.主謂一致練習1.Neitherofthem______goingtothecinema.Bothofthem_____goingtothecinema.A.is;areB.is;isC.are;wasD.are;is2.Allbutone_____herejustnow.AllthatIwanttosay____this.A.was;wereB.was;isC.were;isD.were;were3.Anumberofstudents____goneforanouting.Thenumberofthestudents______increasingyear.A.have;hasB.is;haveC.has;haveD.have;is4.Someoftheoranges______turnedbad.Someofthemilk_______turnedsour(酸).A.have;hasB.have;haveC.has;haveD.have;is5.Eachstudent-____gotanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Thestudentseach____adictionary.A.have;hasB.has;haveC.have;haveD.has;has6.There_____apen,aninkbottle,andsomebooksonit.There________somebowls,platesandaspoononit.A.is;areB.are;areC.are;isD.is;is7.Eitherthejudgeorthelawvers________wrong.Eitheryouorhe_______toblame.A.is;areB.are;isC.are;areD.is;is8.Hisfamily______allverywell.Hisfamily_______a“fivegood”one.A.are;isB.is;isC.are;areD.is;are9.Mybluetrousers______wornout.Onepairoftrousers______notenough.A.is;areB.are;areC.is;isD.are;is10.OurLeaguesecretaryandmonitor______theleadineverything.OurLeaguesecretaryandthemonitor______goodfriends.A.take;areB.take;isC.takes;isD.takes;are11.Thegirlaswellashisparents_______abike.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheprofessor______surprisedatMary’sanswer.A.have;wasB.have;wereC.has;wasD.has;were12.Who_____thegirlsinginginthenextroomWho______thesepeopleoverthereA.are;areB.are;isC.is;areD.is;is13.Mostofthestudents_____boys.Mostofhismoney_____spentonbooks.A.are;isB.is;isC.are;areD.is;are14.Thepoliceman______standingatthestreetcorner.Thepolice_____searchingforhim.A.are;isB.are;areC.is;areD.is;is15.Theglasses______mine.Thatpairofglasses_____mybrother’s.A.are;isB.are;areC.is;areD.is;is16.Thenewsatsixo’clock_____nottrue.Thosepiecesofnews_____tobebroadcasted.A.are;isB.are;areC.is;areD.is;is17.GrandpaWangandhistwograndsons______takingawalkintheparknow.GrandpaWang,togetherwithhistwograndsons,____takingawalkintheparknow.A.are;areB.is;areC.is;isD.are;is18.NoonebutJane______thesecret.NobodybutMaryandI___intheclassroomatthattime.A.know;wasB.

knows;wasC.know;wereD.knows;were19.There_______nothingbuttwoloomsinthehall.There_____somethingwrongwiththemachine.A.was;isB.was;areC.were;isD.were;are20.Heisoneoftheboyswho_____neverlateforschool.Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho_____neverlateforschool.A.is;areB.are;areC.are;isD.is;is21.Whattheyhavedone______ofgreatusetous.Whathesaysandwhathedoes___agree.A.is;notB.

is;donotC.are;doesnotD.are;not22.Everypictureexceptthesetwo_______.Everythingaroundus_____matter.A.havebeensold;isB.havebeensold;areC.hasbeensold;isD.hasbeensold;are23.Awomanwithtwochildren______cominguptous.Mary,alongwithherparents,___movedtoParis.A.is;hasB.is;haveC.are;haveD.are;has24.onesixthofourclassmates_____frompeasantfamilies.Onefifthofhertime____devotedtowriting.A.comes;isB.

come;areC.come;isD.comes;are25.Only10percentofthestudentsintheclass_____Leaguemembers.About40%ofJim’sincome________totherent(租金).A.are;goesB.are;goC.is;goesD.is;go26.Itisthisteacherwho______leavingforLondon.Itisyouwho____next.A.are;areB.is;areC.are;isD.is;is27.Thepopulationoftheearth_____increasingfast.Onethirdofthepopulationhere_____workers.A.is;areB.is;isC.are;isD.are;are28.Thiskindofsnakes_____verydangerous.Thesekindsofmetal_____hardtofind.A.is;isB.are;isC.is;areD.are;are29.Halfofthevisitors_____fromEurope.Halfofthefru