./新標準大學英語綜合教程1課后參考翻譯Unit1英譯漢：Today,agapyearrefersmostlytoayeartakenbeforestartinguniversityorcollege.Duringtheirgapyear,Americanstudentseitherengageinadvancedacademiccoursesordosomevolunteerworktoimprovetheirknowledge,maturity,decision-making,leadership,independence,self-sufficiencyandmore,thusimprovingtheirrésumésbeforegoingtocollege.BritishandEuropeanstudents,however,takeamuchmoreholiday-styleapproachtothegapyearbygenerallyworkingfor3–6monthsandthentravellingaroundtheworldbeforecollegebegins.Thisisintendedtoexpandtheirminds,personalconfidence,experiencesandinterestspriortocollege.ItisamuchlessstructuredapproachthantakenintheUnitedStates,andisgenerallyviewedbyparentsasaformativeyearforyoungadultstobecomeindependentandlearnagreatdealofresponsibilitypriortoengaginginuniversitylife.參考譯文：如今,間隔年最為普遍的含義是指上大學前的一年.在這一年中,美國學生或是學習高級學術類課程,或是做一些志愿服務,以此來提高自己的知識水平、成熟度、決策力、領導力、獨立性、自給自足以及多方面的能力,力求在上大學之前讓自己的簡歷變得更加完善.然而,英國和歐洲的學生更傾向于把間隔年當作假期來看待.他們通常用3-6個月的時間打打工,然后利用剩余的時間在大學開學前環球旅行.這樣,在上大學前,他們可以增長見識,提升自信,豐富閱歷,培養興趣.與美國的間隔年不同,英國和歐洲的做法沒有那么周密的安排.家長們通常把間隔年看作是年輕人成長起來的一年,他們在開始大學生活之前變得獨立,并學會承擔很多責任.漢譯英：今天,很多中國的大學非常重視培養學生的創新意識和創業精神〔entrepreneurship.很多知名大學與多家公司建立長期的合作關系.這些公司會定期從大學中錄用合格的畢業生.此外,有些校友還創建啟動資金,支持學生創辦自己的企業.一些大學的校長表示,創業與學習并不矛盾,鼓勵學生創業可以幫助他們將專業知識應用于實踐,提升自身的競爭力<competitiveness.參考譯文：Today,manyChineseuniversitiesattachgreatimportancetocultivatinginnovationawarenessandentrepreneurship.Manyprestigiousuniversitiesestablishlong-termrelationshipswithalotofcompanies.Thesecompaniesrecruitqualifiedgraduatesfromtheuniversitiesonaregularbasis.What’smore,somealumnievencreatestart-upfundstosupportstudentsinstartingtheirownbusiness.Thepresidentsofsomeuniversitiessaythatdoingbusinessandstudyingarenotinconflictandthatencouragingstudentstosetupbusinessescanhelpthemputtheirspecializedknowledgeintopracticeandraisetheircompetitiveness.比如,把冰糖和梨放在一起蒸是很好的藥膳,可以起到潤肺〔moistenlung、化痰〔dissolvephlegm、止咳〔arrestcough的作用.Forexample,pearsteamedwithrocksugarisamedicateddiet,goodformoisteningthelung,dissolvingphlegmandarrestingcough.藥膳不僅具有藥物的療效,還具有食物的美味.Chinesemedicateddietshavenotonlytheefficiencyofmedicine,butalsothedelicacyoffood.藥膳是中國人日常飲食的重要組成部分,現在就連外國人也開始喜愛、接受中國藥膳.TheyareanimportantpartofChinesepeople’sdailymeals.EvenpeoplefromothercountrieshavecometoloveandconsumeChinesemedicateddiets.Unit2英譯漢：Tablemannersaretherulesofetiquettethatshouldbeobservedbydiners.IntheUK,thehostorhostesstakesthefirstbiteafterallfoodisservedandeveryoneisseated.Foodshouldalwaysbetastedbeforesaltandpepperareadded.Itisacceptabletotakesomebutterfromthebutterdishwithabutterknifeandputitontoasideplate.Thispreventsthebutterinthedishfromgatheringbreadcrumbsasitispassedaround.Itisimpolitetoreachoversomeonetopickupfoodorotheritems.Dinersshouldalwaysaskforitemstobepassedalongthetabletothem.Foodshouldalwaysbechewedwiththemouthclosed.Itisrudetoeatnoisily.Talkingwithfoodinone’smouthisalsoseenasveryimpolite.Whensomeonehasfinishedeating,theyshouldplacetheknifeandforktogetherontheplateandplacethenapkinunfoldedonthetable.參考譯文：餐桌禮儀是就餐者必須遵守的禮儀規范.在英國,要等到所有的飯菜端上桌、所有的就餐者都就座后,男主人或女主人才帶頭開始吃.應該在嘗過飯菜之后再加鹽和胡椒.可以用黃油刀從黃油盤中取一些黃油放在小寸盤子中,這樣可以防止黃油在盤子傳遞的過程中粘上面包屑.不要探起身子隔著人去拿食物或其他東西,這樣做不禮貌.就餐者應請同桌的人把需要的物品遞過來.嚼飯菜的時候一定要閉著嘴,吃飯吧唧嘴不禮貌.而且邊吃東西邊說話也是很不禮貌的行為.吃完后,應該把刀叉放在盤子上,把用過的餐巾展開放在餐桌上.漢譯英：中國藥膳〔Chinesemedicateddiet源遠流長,是中國寶貴的文化遺產,也是中醫養生學的重要內容.藥膳對預防疾病和強身健體有著顯著的功效.比如,把冰糖和梨放在一起蒸是很好的藥膳,可以起到潤肺〔moistenlung、化痰〔dissolvephlegm、止咳〔arrestcough的作用.藥膳不僅具有藥物的療效,還具有食物的美味.藥膳是中國人日常飲食的重要組成部分,現在就連外國人也開始喜愛、接受中國藥膳.參考譯文：Chinesemedicateddietshavealonghistory.TheyarepartofthevaluableculturalheritageofChinaandanimportantpartofChinesehealthstudy.Medicateddietshaveanotableeffectonthepreventionofdiseasesandimprovementofphysicalfitness.Forexample,pearsteamedwithrocksugarisamedicateddiet,goodformoisteningthelung,dissolvingphlegmandarrestingcough.Chinesemedicateddietshavenotonlytheefficiencyofmedicine,butalsothedelicacyoffood.TheyareanimportantpartofChinesepeople’sdailymeals.EvenpeoplefromothercountrieshavecometoloveandconsumeChinesemedicateddiets.中國的父母歷來重視孩子的教育.Chineseparentspayalotofattentiontotheirchildren’seducation.他們認為,如果孩子做事時能得到大人適當的指導,就會更愿意完成復雜的工作,因此,"手把手教"被視為教育孩子的最佳方式.Theyholdthatchildrenaremorewillingtoaccomplishcomplicatedtasksifadultscangivethemproperguidance.Therefore,"teachingbygivingstep-by-stepdirections"istakenasthebestwaytoeducatechildren.近年來,受西方教育觀念的影響,中國的父母開始注重培養孩子的獨立性和創造力.Inrecentyears,undertheinfluenceofWesternideasofeducation,Chineseparentsarebeginningtogivemoreprioritytofosteringindependenceandcreativityinchildren.他們鼓勵孩子參加興趣班學習繪畫或音樂,希望孩子通過不斷的學習和探索而獲得全面的發展.Theyencouragetheirchildrentoattendinterestclassestolearnpaintingormusic.Theyhopethattheirchildrenwillbecomeall-roundindividualsbyconstantlylearningandexploring.Unit4英譯漢：IntheUnitedStates,thevastmajorityofAmericanslivewithpeopletowhomtheyarerelatedbybloodormarriage.MostAmericancoupleshavetwoorthreechildren,thoughlargerfamiliesarenotunusual.Typically,thefamilyconsistsofparentsandtheirminorchildren.Middle-agedandelderlypeoplegenerallydonotlivewiththeirmarriedchildren.However,parentsusuallykeepinclosecontactwiththeirgrownchildren.Onholidays,membersofthelargerfamilygroup—grandparents,aunts,uncles,andcousins—oftendinetogether.Inthepast,veryfewpeoplewouldhavelikedlivingwiththeirparentsbeyondchildhood.Butrecently,moreandmoreyoungAmericanpeoplehavebeenreturninghomeaftergraduatingfromcollege.Someofthemdecidetostayhomeandsavemoneywhileworkinghardtowardthedaytheycanestablishahomeoftheirown.Thisisapracticaldecision,assomuchwork—academicandprofessional—isneededtodayinordertobecomeself-sufficient.參考譯文：在美國,絕大多數美國人都與有血緣關系或婚姻關系的人一起生活.大部分美國夫妻有兩三個孩子,雖然更大的家庭也并不少見.一個美國家庭通常包括父母及未成年子女.中老年人一般不跟已婚子女住在一起.不過,父母常常與成年子女保持密切的聯系.假期的時候,大家庭的成員〔包括祖父母、姨媽/姑姑、舅舅/叔叔及堂/表兄弟姐妹們等經常一起聚餐.過去,孩子長大后很少有人愿意跟父母住在一起.但是近年來,越來越多的美國年輕人大學畢業后回家與父母同住.有些人決定住在家里,一邊努力工作一邊攢錢,直到有一天他們有能力自立門戶.這是一個現實的決定,因為現在一個人要想實現自給自足就需要在學業和職業上付出大量的努力.漢譯英：中國的父母歷來重視孩子的教育.他們認為,如果孩子做事時能得到大人適當的指導,就會更愿意完成復雜的工作,因此,"手把手教"被視為教育孩子的最佳方式.近年來,受西方教育觀念的影響,中國的父母開始注重培養孩子的獨立性和創造力.他們鼓勵孩子參加興趣班學習繪畫或音樂,希望孩子通過不斷的學習和探索而獲得全面的發展.參考譯文：Chineseparentspayalotofattentiontotheirchildren’seducation.Theyholdthatchildrenaremorewillingtoaccomplishcomplicatedtasksifadultscangivethemproperguidance.Therefore,"teachingbygivingstep-by-stepdirections"istakenasthebestwaytoeducatechildren.Inrecentyears,undertheinfluenceofWesternideasofeducation,Chineseparentsarebeginningtogivemoreprioritytofosteringindependenceandcreativityinchildren.Theyencouragetheirchildrentoattendinterestclassestolearnpaintingormusic.Theyhopethattheirchildrenwillbecomeall-roundindividualsbyconstantlylearningandexploring.Unit5英譯漢：SocialnetworkingsitesareanimportantpartoflifeintheUS.Abouttwo-thirdsofAmericanadultsonlineusesocialmediaplatformssuchasFacebook,Twitter,MySpaceorLinkedIn.Connectingwithfamilymembersandfriendsisaprimaryconsiderationintheiradoptionofsocialmediatools.Somemediausersgotothesesitesinordertostayintouchwithcurrentfriendsandfamilymembers,whileotherstrytoconnectwitholdfriendsthey’velosttouchwith.Sharinghobbiesorinterests,makingnewfriends,readingcommentsbypublicfiguresandfindingpotentialromanticpartnersarealsoamongthereasonsforusingsocialnetworkingsites.Socialnetworkingsitescanalsoserveasinformationnetworkswherepeopleshareinformationwithotherusers.InsteadofsearchingthroughanewssourcesuchasthewebsiteofTheNewYorkTimesorESPNthatcaterstoallpeople,apersoncanchecktheirTwitteraccountandfindoutabouttheirfavouriteteam’sscoresandnews.參考譯文：社交網站是美國人生活的重要組成部分.有大約三分之二的美國成年網民使用像臉書、推特、我的空間或領英這樣的社交媒體平臺.與家人和朋友聯系是他們使用社交媒體工具的首要因素.一些社交媒體用戶到這些網站上去是為了與現在的朋友和家人保持聯系,有的人則是為了聯系已失去聯系的故友.分享共同的興趣愛好、結交新朋友、閱讀公眾人物的評論、尋找潛在的浪漫情緣也是人們使用社交網站的原因.社交網站也可以用作信息網站,人們可以在社交網站上與網友分享信息.要想了解自己喜愛的球隊的比賽得分和消息,人們可以登錄他們的推特賬戶去查看,而不用搜索面向大眾群體的信息網,如《紐約時報》的官網或娛樂與體育節目電視網.漢譯英：最近的調查顯示,中國手機網民的數量超過電腦網民,網民的手機上網率高達85.8％.手機已成為繼電視、廣播、報紙、雜志之后的第五大媒體.中國人通過手機上網,享受微博、微信、播客〔podcast等新媒體所帶來的便利與好處.新媒體生動、實時、互動的特點吸引了大批的年輕人.微信朋友圈讓人們能夠經常與朋友互動交流,而播客則滿足了人們表達自我、張揚個性的需要.參考譯文：ArecentsurveyindicatedthatthenumberofpeopleaccessingtheInternetbymobilephonehasovertakenthenumberofInternetusersoncomputers.Onlineaccessonmobilephoneshasrisento85.8%.Themobilephonehasbecomethefifthmassmediumafterthetraditionalfourmedia:television,radio,newspapersandmagazines.Withonlineaccessbymobilephone,ChinesepeopleareenjoyingtheconvenienceandbenefitsofallkindsofnewmedialikeMicroBlog,WeChat,andpodcasts.Thevividness,real-timenessandinteractivityofsuchmediahaveattractedmanyyoungpeople.WhileWeChat’scircleoffriendsenablespeopletocommunicateandinteractfrequentlywithfriends,podcastsmeetpeople’sneedforself-expressionanddisplayingindividuality.unit8英譯漢：Yogaisaphysical,mentalandspiritualpracticeordisciplineoriginatedinIndia.ButB.K.S.Iyengar<艾揚格>isbelievedtobethepersonwhohelpedmakeyogapopularintheWest.Iyengarwasbornintoapoorfamily.Hischildhoodwasplaguedbymalaria,influenzaandtuberculosis.Doctorspredictedhewouldnotlivepast20.Afterbeingintroducedtoyogaattheageof16,ittooktheyoungmansixyearstofullyregainhishealth.In1952theviolinistYehudiMenuhin<耶胡迪?梅紐因>metIyengarinIndiaandthenbroughthimtoLondon.Iyengar