2024年高等教育教育類自考-00830現代語言學歷年高頻考點試卷專家薈萃含答案（圖片大小可自由調整）第1卷一.參考題庫(共25題)1.Thepartofasentencewhichcompriesecomprisesaninfiniteverboraverbphraseisgrammaticallycalledpredicate.2.Theterm（）linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.A、synchronicB、diachronicC、comparativeD、historicalcomparative3.Reference4.Anillocutionaryact5.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyze（）meaning.A、phonemeB、wordC、phraseD、sentence6.AccordingtoSearle，thoseillocutionaryactswhosepointistocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalled（）.A、commisivesB、directivesC、expressivesD、declaratives7.Language8.Insociolinguisticstudies,speakersaretreatedasmembersof（）.9.（）referstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibitedbythe“polite”societyfromgeneraluse.A、LinguistictabooB、EuphemismC、AddresstermD、Slang10.InEnglish,“pill”and“bill”are（）.A、aphonemiccontrastB、complementarydistributionC、assimilationD、aminimalpair11.Decidethemeaningofthefollowingaffixesandgiveeachaffixtwoexamples. re-;un-;anti-;super-;-wise;-itis;-ize;-age12.Phonologicalrulesmaymovephonemesfromoneplaceinthestringtoanother.Forexample，ModernEnglishverbaskwasOldEnglishaskian，withthe/k/precedingthe/s/.Soundchangeasaresultofsoundmovementisknownasm（）.13.Allwordsmaybesaidtocontainarootmorpheme.14.Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituationswhilelinguisticformswiththesamereferencealwayshavethesamesense.15.Componentialanalysisisbasedonthebeliefthatthemeaningofawordcannotbedissectedintomeaningcomponents,calledsemanticfeature.16.Whatisthedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformance?17.Linguistics18.Alinguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguageuseas（）.A、unusualB、somethingtobefearedC、abnormalD、natural19.inflectionalmorphemesn20.blending21.Tenseandreferencearetwotermsoftenencounteredinthestudyofmeaning.22.Thebrain’sneurologicalspecializationforlanguageiscalledlinguisticI（），whichisspecifictohumanbeings.23.（）producefastandfluentspeechwithgoodintonationandpronunciationbutthecontentoftheirspeechrangesfrommildlyinappropriatetocompletenonsense,oftenasunintelligible.A、Broca’saphasicB、ThelinguisticdeprivationC、ThedamageontheangulargyrusD、Wernicke’saphasic24.Hyponymsofthesame（）areco-hyponyms.A、wordB、lexicalitemC、superordinateD、hyponym25.culturaltransmission(asadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage)第2卷一.參考題庫(共25題)1.Thepairofwords“lend”and“borrow”are（）.A、gradableantonymsB、converseantonymsC、co-hyponymsD、synonyms2.Linguisticsisthecourseoflanguage.3.Acompoundisthecombinationofonlytwowords.4.Ar（）isoftenseenaspartofaword，butitcanneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsclear，definitemeaning.5.“Itisraininghard”isaone-placepredicationsentence.6.Whatarethedesignfeaturesoflanguage?7.Animportantdifferencebetweenpresuppositionandentailmentisthatpresupposition，unlikeentailment，isnotvulnerabletonegation.Thatistosay,ifasentenceisnegated,theoriginalpresuppositionisstilltrue.8.Thewayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage,sex,socialgroupandpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequentlyusedincludesfirstname,lastname,title+lastname,（）,andkinterm.A、title+firstnameB、title+titleC、titlealoneD、firstname+lastname+title9.Morphology10.Lyingundertheskull,thehumanbraincontainsanaverageofthetenbillionnervecellscalled（）.A、neuronsB、nervesystemC、nervesD、cerebralcortex11.sociolect12.Theword“photographically”ismadeupof5morphemes.13.（）languagebelongstotheSino-TibetanFamily.A、EnglishB、SpanishC、IndianD、Chinese14.Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled（）word.A、apolysemousB、asynonymousC、anabnormalD、amultiple15.Asentenceisa（）concept,andthemeaningofasentenceisoftenstudiedinisolation.A、pragmaticB、grammaticalC、mentalD、conceptual16.Whilethemeaningofasentenceisabstractanddecontextualized，thatofanu（）isconcreteandcontext-dependent.17.Oncethenotionof（）wastakenintoconsideration,semanticsspilledintopragmatics.A、meaningB、contextC、formD、content18.generallinguistics19.Ac（）sentencecontainstwoormoreclauses，oneofwhichisincorporatedintheother.20.Whatarethemajordistinctionsbetweenlangueandparole?21.namingtheoryandconceptualistview22.suprasegmentalfeatures23.phonicmediumoflanguage24.hierarchicalstructure25.ThediscoveryofIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilybeganwiththeworkoftheBritishscholar（）.A、JacobGrimmB、RasmusRaskC、FranzBoppD、SirWilliamJones第3卷一.參考題庫(共25題)1.Whatisthedifferencebetweenacquisitionandlearning?Illustratewithexamples.2.locutionaryact3.Thatthedenialofonememberoftwowordsimpliestheassertionoftheotheristhecharacteristicofc（）antonyms.4.Accordingtothewaysantonymsdiffer,howmanygroupscanweclassifyantonymsinto?5.Thesentence“Thebabysmiled.”isa（）.A、two-placepredicationB、three-placepredicationC、no-placepredicationD、one-placepredication6.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaning（）isconsidered.A、referenceB、speech

actC、contextD、practicalusage7.（）morphemesarethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,toformaword.A、FreeB、BoundC、RootD、Affix8.Ptolanguage10.Therelationshipbetweentheembeddedclauseanditsmatrixclauseisoneofaparttothewhole.11.Consonantsoundscanbeeither（）or（）,whileallvowelsoundsare（）.12.Thefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisgoodproofthathumanlanguageis（）.A、arbitraryB、non-arbitraryC、logicalD、non-productive13.Thetermdialect,asatechnicalterminlinguistics,carriesvaluejudgementandnotsimplyreferstoadistinctformoflanguage.14.Itisthe（）onCaseassignmentthatstatesthataCaseassignorandaCaserecipientshouldstayadjacenttoeachother.A、CaseConditionB、parameterC、AdjacentConditionD、AdjacentParameter15.Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thewrittenformoflanguageisgivenmoreemphasisthanthespokenformforanumberofreasons.16.Ifachildisdeprivedoflinguisticenvironment，heorsheisunlikelytolearnalanguagesuccessfullylateron.17.ThedivisionofEnglishintoOldEnglish，MiddleEnglish，andModernEnglishisnonconventionalandnotarbitrary.18.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageis（）.A、rootB、affixC、stemD、morpheme19.Wordsthatareoppositeinmeaningare（）.A、synonymsB、hyponymsC、antonymsD、homophones20.acculturation21.Clear[1]anddark[?]areallophonesofthesameonephoneme/1/.Theynevertakethesamepositioninsoundcombinations，thustheyaresaidtobeinc（）distribution.22.Whattheelement‘-es’indicatesisthirdpersonsingular,presenttense,theelement‘-ed’pasttense,and‘-ing’progressiveaspect.Sincetheyarethesmallestunitoflanguageandmeaningful,theyarealso（）.A、phonemesB、morphemesC、allophonesD、phones23.SomeSouthernlearnersofEnglishinChinatendtosay“night”as“light”.Thisshows:（）.A、Theycannotpronounce/n/B、Interlangueinterferencebecausethereisnotthesound/n/intheirmothertongueC、TheteachersdonothaveagoodteachingmethodD、Theydonotliketopronouncenasalsounds24.WhatistheSapir-Whorfhypothesis?25.Thepairofwords“lend”and“borrow”are（）.A、gradableoppositesB、relationaloppositesC、co-hyponymsD、synonyms第1卷參考答案一.參考題庫1.參考答案:錯誤2.參考答案:B3.參考答案:Referencemeanswhatalinguisticformreferstointherealphysicalworld;itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.4.參考答案:Anillocutionaryactistheactofexpressingthespeaker’sintention;itistheactperformingissayingsomething.5.參考答案:D6.參考答案:A7.參考答案:Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.8.參考答案:socialgroups9.參考答案:A10.參考答案:D11.參考答案: re-：again，e.g.retype，reorganize un-：not，reverse，e.g.unhappy，unlock anti-：against，anti-drug，anti-imperialism super-greaterthanusual，e.g.superpower，superman -wise：inthemannerof，e.g.clockwise，moneywise -itis：infection.e.g.bronchitis，arthritis -ize：makeinto，e.g.realize，modernize -age：eage，linkage12.參考答案:metathesis13.參考答案:正確14.參考答案:錯誤15.參考答案:錯誤16.參考答案: CompetenceandperformancewasproposedbytheAmericanlinguistN.Chomskyinthelate1950’s.Chomskydefinescompetenceastheidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage,andperformancetheactualrealizationofthisknowledgeinlinguisticcommunication.17.參考答案:Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.18.參考答案:D19.參考答案: Inflectionalmorphemesaremorphemesthatareusedtoindicatethegrammatrcalrelationsandcategories，suchas-ed，-(e)s，-estinEnglish.20.參考答案:Aprocessofforminganewwordbycombiningpartsofotherwords.21.參考答案:錯誤22.參考答案:lateralization23.參考答案:D24.參考答案:C25.參考答案:Oneofthemajordefiningfeaturesofhumanlanguage.Humansarebornwiththeabilitytoacquirealanguage，butdifferentfromanimals，theactualuseofhumanlanguageisnotgeneticallytransmitted，ratheritisculturallytransmitted，i.e.ithastobetaughtandlearnt.第2卷參考答案一.參考題庫1.參考答案:B2.參考答案:錯誤3.參考答案:錯誤4.參考答案:root5.參考答案:錯誤6.參考答案: Designfeaturesrefertothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication. 1)arbitrariness 2)productivity 3)duality 4)displacement 5)culturaltransmission7.參考答案:正確8.參考答案:C9.參考答案:Morphologyisabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.10.參考答案:A11.參考答案:Avarietyoflanguagesusedbyasocialclass.12.參考答案:錯誤13.參考答案:D14.參考答案:A15.參考答案:B16.參考答案:utterance17.參考答案:B18.參考答案:Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalledgenerallinguistics.19.參考答案:complex20.參考答案:Languereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity,andparolereferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.Langueisthesetofconventionsandruleswhichlanguageusersallhavetofollowwhileparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandtheapplicationoftherules.Langueisabstract;itisnotthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,butparoleisconcrete;itreferstothenaturallyoccurringlanguageevents.Langueisrelativelystable.itdoesnotchangefrequently;whileparolevariesfrompersontoperson,andfromsituationtosituation.21.參考答案:Thewordsofalanguagearelabelsoftheobjectstheystandfor;alinguisticformislinkedthroughconceptstowhatitrefersto.22.參考答案:Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegments.23.參考答案:Thelimitedrangeofsoundsthatareusedinhumanlanguagecommunication，i.e.thespeechsounds.Voicingisaphoneticfeatureofsomesounds.Itiscausedbythevibrationofthevocalcords.24.參考答案:Thesentencestructurethatgroupswordsintostructuralconstituentsandshowsthesyntacticcategoriesofeachstructuralconstituent,suchasNPandVP.25.參考答案:D第3卷參考答案一.參考題庫1.參考答案: Acquisitionreferstothegradualandsubconsciousdevelopmentofabilityinthefirstlanguagebyusingitnaturallyindailycommunicativesituations.Learning,however,isdefinedasaconsciousprocessofaccumulatingknowledgeofasecondlanguageusuallyobtainedinschoolsettings.Itisrecognizedthatchildrenacquiretheirnativelanguagewithoutexplicitlearning.Asecondlanguageismorecommonlylearnedbuttosomedegreemayalsobeacquired,dependingontheenvironmentalsettingandtheinputreceivedbytheL2learner.2.參考答案:Locutionaryactreferstotheactofutteringwords，phrases，andclauses.Itistheactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax，lexiconandphonology.Forexample，bysaying“Youhaveleftthedoorwideopen”，thelocutionaryactperformedbythespeakeristhathehasutteredallthewordsandexpressedwhatthewords