外研必修第三冊(cè)Unit3Period4Reading教學(xué)目

Lead-inReadtheshortintroductiontoBenjaminFranklinandshareanyotherinformationyouknowabouthim.BenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)wasoneoftheFoundingFathersoftheUnitedStatesandhelpeddrafttheDeclarationofIndependence.Apartfrombeingasuccessfulstatesman,hewasalsowellknownasaleadingAmericanauthor,printerandpublisher,successfuldiplomat,creativescientistandinventor.Asascientist,hewasamajorfigureintheAmericanEnlightenment

andthehistoryofphysicsforhisdiscoveriesandtheoriesregardingelectricity.Asaninventor,hewasknownforthelightningrod,andtheFranklinstove.Hefoundedmanycivic

organizations,includingtheLibraryCompany,Philadelphia'sfirstfiredepartmentandtheUniversityofPennsylvania.12TogettheinformationaboutFranklin’sexperimentandpeople’sopinionsaboutit,voiceyouropiniononthesaying“Seeingisbelieving”.Tousethewords,phrasesandimportantlanguagepointsfromthepassagecorrectly.目標(biāo)一：TogettheinformationaboutFranklin’sexperimentandpeople’sopinionsaboutit,voiceyouropiniononthesaying“Seeingisbelieving”.Activity1:Readthetitleand“Learningtolearn”,answerthequestions.FRANKLIN’SEXPERIMENT:HowMuchIsTrue?LearningtolearnAnessaytitleoftencontainsanexplicitorimplicitquestionwhichyouressayshouldfocusonanswering.Forexample,thetitle“Franklin’sExperiment:HowMuchIsTrue?”makesitclearwhatquestionisbeingansweredwithintheessay.1.WhatisthefunctionoftheQuestionmark?2.Whatisthetypeofthepassage?Anarration

BargumentationCexposition

Cadvertisement3.Whatdoestheessayfocuson?Theauthorisnotsureabouttheanswer.

HowmuchistrueaboutFranklin’sexperiment.Activity2:Matchthemainideaswiththeparagraphs.A.Factsshouldbeprovedbyexperimentsandresearch.B.Thereasonwhyscientistsoftenquestionacceptedideas.C.ThedetailedprocedureofFranklin'sexperimentwithlightning.D.ThegreateffectofFranklin'sexperimentonscienceandinventions.E.Neitherthestorynorthedetailsoftheexperimentareentirelytrue.F.BenjaminFranklin’sfamousexperimentwithlightningmaybefiction.Activity3:Readthepassagecarefullyandfinishthetasks.Task1:Readthepara1-2andfindoutwhatFranklin’sexperimentaimedtoprove.Franklin’sexperimentaimedtoproveiflightningwasreallyproducedbyelectricityorsomethingelse.Task2:Readpara.2carefullyandfindouthowtheexperimentwascarriedoutanditsresult,fillintheblanks.ExperimentThekitelightningexperimentAimMaterialProcedureConclusionTotestiflightningwasreallyproducedbyelectricityAkitewithastringandametalkeyFirst,Franklinflewakitewithastringandametalkey.Then,whenaflashoflightninghitthekite,electricitywasconductedthroughthestringtothekey.Finally,touchingthekey,Franklingotanelectricshock.LightningwasaformofelectricityTask3:Readthepara3-6andnumberthestatementstoshowhowpeople’sattitudestowardsFranklin’sexperimenthavechanged.□Franklin’sspiritofscientificexplorationisstillconsideredaninspiration.□PeopleareamazedatandinspiredbyFranklin’sexperiment.□ScientistsquestionwhatreallyhappenedinFranklin’sexperiment.312Activity4:Readtheessayagainandanalysethestructureofit.FRANKLIN’SEXPERIMENT:HowMuchIsTrue?IntroductionThestorymaybefictionalMainbody1Whatistheexperiment?2People’sattitudeshavechangedoveryears.ConclusionTheauthor’sopinionActivity5:Think&Share.1.DoyouthinkitmattersthatFranklin’sexperimentmightnotbetrue?Why?2.Whatisyouropinionaboutthestatement“...weshouldnotalwaysbelieveeverythingwereadorhear–evenifitisagreatstory”?3.Whatqualitiesdoyouthinkagreatscientistshouldhave?4.Inwhatwaysdoscientistscontributetosociety?1No.Becausewhatreallymattersliesinhisbraverytodotheexperiment.2Ithinkthestatementisright.Fromascientificstandpointpeopleshouldsticktothefactsandthefactsshouldbeprovedbyexperimentsandresearch.Agoodstoryisfictionwhichisoftenmoreinterestingthanthetruth.3Asagreatscientist,heorsheshouldhavemorethanonegoodquality,suchasbeingsmart,honest,objective,persistent,curious,imaginative,devotedandsoon.4First,scientificdiscoveriespromotethedevelopmentofoursociety.Secondly,thecontributionsofscientistsinmedicineextendourlifespan.Thirdly,scientistshaveinventedalotofsurprisingtoolsthatfundamentallyimproveourlivingstandards.Activity6:Workingroups.Explainyourunderstandingofthesaying“Seeingisbelieving”,andthengiveatalkaboutit.Youmayuseinformationinthepassageasexamples.1Makenotesaboutyourunderstandingofthesayingandlistsupportingdetails.YourunderstandingSupportingdetails

2Organiseyourtalkfollowingthestepsbelow.?Startyourtalkbyexplaininghowyouunderstandthissaying.?Explainwhyyouthinkthisway.Usethenotesyouhavemadetosupportyourideas.?Endyourtalkbysummarisingyourpoints.3Giveyourtalktotheclass.Sample:目標(biāo)二:Tousethewords,phrasesandimportantlanguagepointsfromthepassagecorrectlyActivity1:Findtheimportantwords,phrases,andlanguagepointsyouwanttosharewithyourpartner.Thendiscussingroupsandsharetheirusagewiththeclass.1attach系、綁、貼【教材原文】Ametalkeywasattachedtothestring.一把金屬鑰匙系在繩子上。【知識(shí)歸納】attachsb/sthtosth把...系...上;把...貼在...上beattachedto...被系或者貼...attachimportanceto...認(rèn)為...重要;重視...【即學(xué)即練】(1)Weshouldattachimportance__________

useoftheverbswhenwelearnaforeignlanguage.(2)Thepicture__________(attach)

tothewallcostabout$100threeyearsago.(3)Thewrittendirections____________(attach)thetoolssothatusersknowhowtousethem.toattachareattachedto2Morethan

one

generationofschoolchildrenhasbeenamazedbyhisbraveryandhisscientificapproach

tolookingforthetruth.不止一代的學(xué)童被他的勇敢和尋求真理的科學(xué)方法所打動(dòng)。【句子分析】本句話為“morethanone+單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)的句子。雖然morethanone意為“不止一個(gè)”，但它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)卻要從形式一致角度考慮。通常用單數(shù)。文中另兩處以“morethanone+單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)的句子分別為：...morethanonescientisthasquestionedwhatreallyhappened.(Para.4);Infact,morethanoneaccountsuggeststhatwhileNewtonwascertainlyinspiredbyafallingapple,...(Para.5)?approachn.接近，靠近；方法，方式；通路，路徑v.接近，靠近；對(duì)付，處理【詞匯拓展】theapproachof...……的來(lái)臨/臨近anapproachto(doing)sth（做）某事的方法/方式（to是介詞）adopt/takeanapproach采用一種方法theapproachestotheairport通往機(jī)場(chǎng)的道路approachthehouse走近房子see/hearsb/sthapproaching看到/聽(tīng)到某人/某物接近approachtheproblem/matter處理問(wèn)題【即學(xué)即練】單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Thedetectiveheardfootsteps______________(approach).(2)Thebestapproachto__________(build)upyourbodyistodoexerciseeveryday.approachingbuilding3Franklin,alongwith

manyotherscientists,hasinspiredusandtaughtusthatscientificexperimentsareimportantinordertoestablishthetruthandtocontributetowardslaterscientificdiscoveriesandinventions.富蘭克林與許多其他科學(xué)家一道，激勵(lì)并教導(dǎo)我們科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)于推動(dòng)真理與推動(dòng)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)及發(fā)明而言都至關(guān)重要。【句子分析】本句是主從復(fù)合句，其中that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。hasinspired和taught是主句的并列謂語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)“alongwith/aswellas+名詞”置于主語(yǔ)后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般與其前面的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致，即單數(shù)主語(yǔ)需用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)，復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)需用謂語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù)。eg:Tom,alongwithhisparents,goestotheparkeverySunday.4neither...nor...既不……也不……【教材原文】However,neitherthestorynorthedetailsoftheexperimentareentirelytrue.然而，這個(gè)故事和實(shí)驗(yàn)的細(xì)節(jié)都不是完全真實(shí)的。【知識(shí)歸納】neither...nor...主要用于否定兩者,其意為“既不……也不……”,用于連接兩個(gè)性質(zhì)相同的詞或短語(yǔ)。當(dāng)neither...nor...連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),也應(yīng)遵循“就近原則”。【知識(shí)延伸】連接兩個(gè)并列成分,遵循“就近原則”的詞語(yǔ)還有:either...or...,not...but...,notonly...butalso...areamwishes5ButscientistsallagreethatifFranklinhadactuallytouchedthekey,hewouldcertainlyhavediedfromtheelectricshock.但是科學(xué)家們一致認(rèn)為如果富蘭克林確實(shí)接觸過(guò)鑰匙的話,他肯定就被電擊致死了。【句子分析】(1)本句是主從復(fù)合句。其中that...theelectricshock是that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句;該從句也是主從復(fù)合句,其中ifFranklin...thekey是條件狀語(yǔ)從句,該從句及其主句hewouldcertainlyhavediedfromtheelectricshock都使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣。【拓展延伸】虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話者做出的假設(shè)而非事實(shí)，或難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況，甚至表達(dá)徹底相反的概念。此外如需表達(dá)主觀愿望或某種強(qiáng)烈的感情時(shí)，也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。虛擬語(yǔ)氣由句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式表示。(1)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況:從句:If+主語(yǔ)+did/were主句:主語(yǔ)+should/would/might/coulddo*IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.如果我是你,我會(huì)帶把傘。(事實(shí):我不可能是你)(2)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況:從句:If+主語(yǔ)+haddone主句:主語(yǔ)+should/would/might/couldhavedone*Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldnothavemadesuchamistake.如果他聽(tīng)我的建議的話,就不會(huì)犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤了。(事實(shí):沒(méi)有聽(tīng)我的建議)(3)表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反:從句:①if+主語(yǔ)+weretodo②if+主語(yǔ)+shoulddo③if+主語(yǔ)+did/were主句:主語(yǔ)+should/would/might/coulddo*IfsheweretobeherenextMonday,Iwouldtellheraboutthematter.如果她下周一來(lái)這兒的話,我就會(huì)告訴她這件事的始末。(事實(shí):來(lái)的可能性很小,不可能)*Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.如果明天下雨,我們就待在家里。(事實(shí):下雨的可能性很小,不可能)6Infact,morethanoneaccountsuggeststhatwhileNewtonwascertainlyinspiredbyafallingapple,thereisnoproofthatithithimonthehead.事實(shí)上,不止一個(gè)記載表明,盡管牛頓肯定是受到一個(gè)落下的蘋(píng)果的啟發(fā),但沒(méi)有證據(jù)表明蘋(píng)果打中了他的頭部。

【句式分析】(1)本句是主從復(fù)合句。其中thatwhileNewton...onthehead是that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句;該從句也是主從復(fù)合句,其中whileNewton...afallingapple是while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句;thatithithimonthehead是that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。(2)句中的infact是固定短語(yǔ),意為“事實(shí)上”。Eg:Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.這清楚地表明,盡管受人愛(ài)戴可以促進(jìn)健康的調(diào)整,但地位高卻對(duì)我們產(chǎn)生相反的影響。Activity2:Completethesummarywiththecorrectwordsorthecorrectformsofthewordsinthebracketaccordingtothepassage.Newresearchsuggeststhatthestory(1)________

Frank