2020英語課堂-關于春節、關于新型肺炎一、新型肺炎1.英文閱讀春節期間沸沸揚揚的冠狀病毒新型肺炎問題，完全可以作為一份閱讀材料：(CNN)AnewChinesecoronavirus,acousinoftheSARSvirus,hasinfectedmorethan200peoplesincetheoutbreak(爆發）beganinWuhan,China,inDecember.ScientistLeoPoon,whofirstdecodedthevirus,thinksitlikelystartedinananimalandspreadtohumans."Whatweknowisitcausespneumonia（肺炎）andthendoesn'trespondtoantibiotic（抗生素）treatment,whichisnotsurprising,butthenintermsofmortality（死亡率）,SARSkills10%oftheindividuals,"Poon,avirologist（病毒學家）attheSchoolofPublicHealthatTheUniversityofHongKong,said.TheWorldHealthOrganizationofferedguidancetocountriesonhowtheycanprepareforit,includinghowtomonitorforthesickandhowtotreatpatients.Hereareseventhingsyoushouldknowaboutacoronavirus.Whatisacoronavirus？Coronavirusesarealargegroupofvirusesthatarecommonamonganimals.Inrarecases,theyarewhatscientistscallzoonotic[?z????n??t?k]（人畜共患病）,meaningtheycanbetransmittedfromanimalstohumans,accordingtotheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Coronavirussymptoms（癥狀）Thevirusescanmakepeoplesick,usuallywithamild（輕度）tomoderate（中度）upperrespiratorytractillness（上呼吸道疾病）,similartoacommoncold.Coronavirussymptomsincludearunnynose,cough,sorethroat,possiblyaheadacheandmaybeafever,whichcanlastforacoupleofdays.Forthosewithaweakenedimmunesystem,theelderlyandtheveryyoung,there'sachancetheviruscouldcausealower,andmuchmoreserious,respiratorytractillnesslikeapneumoniaorbronchitis[br???ka?t?s]（支氣管炎）.Thereareahandfulofhumancoronavirusesthatareknowntobedeadly.MiddleEastRespiratorySyndrome（中東呼吸綜合征）,alsoknownastheMERSvirus,wasfirstreportedintheMiddleEastin2012andalsocausesrespiratoryproblems,butthosesymptomsaremuchmoresevere.Threetofouroutofevery10patientsinfectedwithMERSdied,accordingtotheCDC.SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome（嚴重急性呼吸綜合征）,alsoknownasSARS,istheothercoronavirusthatcancausemoreseveresymptoms.FirstidentifiedintheGuangdongprovinceinsouthernChina,accordingtotheWHO,itcausesrespiratoryproblemsbutcanalsocausediarrhea[?da???ri?]（腹瀉）,fatigue（疲勞）,shortnessofbreath,respiratorydistress（呼吸窘迫）andkidneyfailure（腎衰）.Dependingonthepatient'sage,thedeathratewithSARSrangedfrom0-50%ofthecases,witholderpeoplebeingthemostvulnerable.HowitspreadsVirusescanspreadfromhumancontactwithanimals.ScientiststhinkMERSstartedincamels,accordingtotheWHO.WithSARS,scientistssuspectedcivetcats（貍貓）weretoblame.Whenitcomestohuman-to-humantransmissionoftheviruses,oftenithappenswhensomeonecomesintocontactwiththeinfectedperson'ssecretions[s??kri??(?)n]（分泌物）.Dependingonhowvirulent[?v?r?l?nt]（有毒的）thevirusis,acough,sneezeorhandshakecouldcauseexposure.Theviruscanalsobetransmittedbytouchingsomethinganinfectedpersonhastouchedandthentouchingyourmouth,noseoreyes.Caregivers（護理人員）cansometimesbeexposedbyhandlingapatient'swaste,accordingtotheCDC.二、春節詞匯當然，也可以讓學生們嘗試著寫一寫春節期間的見聞、經歷。明老師為大家整理了以下一些常用的春節相關詞匯：春節：TheSpringFestival農歷：lunarcalendar正月：lunarJanuary;thefirstmonthbylunarcalendar除夕：NewYear'sEve;eveoflunarNewYear初一：thebeginningofNewYear元宵節：TheLanternFestivalCustoms:過年：Guo-nian;havetheSpringFestival對聯：poeticcouplet:twosuccessiverhyminglinesinpoetry春聯：SpringFestivalcouplets剪紙：paper-cuts年畫：NewYearpaintings買年貨：specialpurchasesfortheSpringFestival;doSpringFestivalshopping敬酒：proposeatoast燈籠：lantern:aportablelight煙花：fireworks爆竹：firecrackers(Peoplescareoffevilspiritsandghostswiththeloudpop.)紅包：redpackets(cashwrappedupinredpaper,symbolizefortuneandwealthinthecomingyear.)舞獅：liondance(Thelionisbelievedtobeabletodispelevilandbringgoodluck.)舞龍：dragondance(toexpectgoodweatherandgoodharvests)戲曲：traditionalopera雜耍：varietyshow;vaudeville燈謎：riddleswrittenonlanterns燈會：exhibitoflanterns守歲：staying-up拜年：payNewYear'scall;giveNewYear'sgreetings;NewYear'svisit禁忌：taboo去晦氣：getridoftheill-fortune祭祖宗：offersacrificestoone'sancestors壓歲錢：giftmoney;moneygiventochildrenasalunarNewYeargiftCultureNote:Intheolddays,NewYear'smoneywasgivenintheformofonehundredcoppercoinsstrungtogetheronaredstringandsymbolizedthehopethatonewouldlivetobeahundredyearsold.Today,moneyisplacedinsideredenvelopesindenominationsconsideredauspiciousandgiventorepresentluckandwealth辭舊歲：bidfarewelltotheoldyear掃房：springcleaning;generalhouse-cleaningBlessings:金玉滿堂：TreasuresFillTheHome生意興隆：BusinessFlourishes歲歲平安：PeaceAllYearRound恭喜發財：WishingYouProsperity和氣生財：HarmonyBringsWealth心想事成：MayAllYourWishesComeTrue吉祥如意：EverythingGoesWell國泰平安：TheCountryFlourishesAndPeopleLiveInPeace招財進寶：MoneyAndTreasuresWillHePlentiful一帆風順：WishingYouEverySuccess步步高升：PromotingToAHigherPosition出入平安：SafeTripWhereverYouGoFoodnames:年糕：Nian-gao;risecake;NewYearcake團圓飯：familyreuniondinner年夜飯：thedinneronNewYear'sEve餃子：Jiao-zi;Chinesemeatravioli湯圓：Tang-yuan;dumplingsmadeofsweetrice,rolledintoballsandstuffedwitheithersweetorspicyfillings八寶飯：eighttreasuresricepudding糖果盤：candytray什錦糖：assortedcandies-sweeta