LifeandSuccessUnit8ENJOYINGENGLISHREADINGBookTwo2cussionUnit8LifeandSuccess1TextA

Warming-upNewWords2TextBReadingthroughGroupDiscussionWarming-upNewWordsWarming-upNewWordsGroupDiscussionQuotesReadingthroughWarmingupNewWordsTextAAppreciationofMusicTextA1《真心英雄》2“WhenYouBelieve”Question:

Istherea“successpersonality”？WarmingupNewWordsTextA1.Howwouldyoudescribeyourcharacter?competitive

helpful

curioushavestrongself-confidencehaveteamspiritTextAWarmingupNewWordsTextA2.Whatkindoflifedoyouthinkisasuccessfullife?greatwealth

ahighpositiongoodhealth

truefriendshipanicefamilyTextANewWordsReadingthroughTextAcommissiongrueling

efficientknowledgeablepersistentpenetratingscrupulouslyaccuratenightmareincredibly

prevention

revolutionary

crankygrimlyallybarracks

filthy outrightopponenthalveremedyspeciicationTextANewWordsReadingthroughTextAattheexpenseof以……為代價siton當委員；擔任職務ratherthan而不是deathrate死亡率dragone’sfeet故意拖沓或怠工comethrough(信息、消息等)收到，傳來fromtoptotoe從頭到腳；全部TextANewWordsReadingthroughTextATextA1.commission[k??m???n]n.委員會；調查團；考察團e.g.Thecommissionisregulatingcompetition.委員會正在規范競爭。2.grueling['gr??l??]adj.非常累人的；折磨人的gruel的ing形式3.efficient[??f???nt]adj.有效率的

e.g.Thisisahighlyefficientnewheatingsystem.這是個高效的新取暖系統。4.knowledgeable[?n?l?d??bl]adj.有豐富知識的

e.g.Sheisveryknowledgeableaboutplants.她對植物很在行。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextA5.persistent[p??s?st?nt]adj.堅持的；執意的6.penetrating[?pen?tre?t??]adj.思維敏銳的e.g.penetratingblueeyes銳利的藍眼睛7.scrupulously['skru:pj?l?sl?]adv.極仔細認真地；一絲不茍地;小心翼翼地8.accurate[??kj?r?t]adj.(測量、計算、記錄等)精確的，無差錯的

e.g.anaccuratedescription/account/calculation

準確的描述/敘述/計算9.nightmare[?na?tme?(r)]n.可怕或不愉快的經歷

e.g.

Thetripturnedintoanightmarewhentheybothgotsick.這次旅行成了一場噩夢，他們倆都病了。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextA10.incredibly[?n?kred?bli]adv.極端地；非常地

e.g.Incredibly,shehadnoideawhatwasgoingon.令人難以置信的是，她當時對發生的事一無所知。11.prevention[pr??ven?n]n.預防

e.g.thepreventionofdisease疾病的預防12.revolutionary[?rev??lu???n?ri]adj.革命性的；創新的13.cranky[?kr??ki]adj.奇怪的

e.g.crankyideas/schemes

離奇古怪的想法/計劃14.grimly[ɡr?ml?]adv.令人沮喪地15.ally[??la?,??la?]n.盟友；支持者16.barracks[?b?r?ks]n.兵營；營房NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextA17.filthy[?f?lθi]adj.骯臟的

e.g.filthylanguage/words下流的語言/言辭18.outright[?a?tra?t]adj.完全的；徹底的

e.g.Shewastheoutrightwinner.她是絕對的優勝者。19.opponent[??p??n?nt]n.反對者20.halve[hɑ:v]vt.把(某物)減半

e.g.Thecompanyishalvingitsprices.該公司正將產品半價出售。21.remedy[?rem?di]vt.糾正；補救

e.g.Thereisnosimpleremedyforunemployment.失業問題沒有簡單的解決辦法。22.specification[?spes?f??ke??n]n.(usu.pl.)規格說明NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextA1.attheexpenseof以……為代價

e.g.Thedealersprofitedshamefullyattheexpenseofmyfamily.這些經銷商通過損害我家人的利益不光彩地賺錢。2.siton當委員；擔任職務

e.g.Hewasaskedtositonnumerouscommittees.他受邀擔任過許多委員會的委員。3.ratherthan而不是

e.g.It'sagoodjobithappenedhereratherthanontheopenroad.慶幸的是事故發生在這里而不是在公路上。4.deathrate死亡率

e.g.Deathratesfromheartdiseasehaverisenconsiderablyinrecentyears.近年來心臟病的死亡率大大上升了。

NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextA。5.dragone’sfeet故意拖沓或怠工

e.g.Comeon,stopdraggingyourfeet!We'vegotloadstodotoday.快，別再磨蹭了！我們今天有很多事要干。6.comethrough(信息、消息等)收到，傳來

e.g.Amessageisjustcomingthrough.剛有消息傳來。7.fromtoptotoe從頭到腳；全部

e.g.Thegirlwasdressedinbrownfromtoptotoe.那女孩從頭到腳穿著一身棕色的衣服。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextAReadthetextquicklyandcompletethetask:analysethestructure.StructureMainidea:

Nightingalewasarguingforpreventionratherthancure.Thoughshedidnotwinanoutrightvictoryagainstheropponents,butmanychangescamethrough.Mainidea:

Nightingaleappliedherknowledgetocivilianhospitalsandtoday’shospitalswiththeirflowersandbright,cleanandcheerfulwardsareadirectresultofherwork.Mainidea:FlorenceNightingalebecameamemberofCommissiontostudythewholequestionofthearmymedicalservice.PartII:Para.2-8PartIII:Para.9-12PartI:Para.1TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextAForBloominginWards—Nightingale1InMay1857,aCommissiontostudythewholequestionofthearmymedicalservicebegantosit.Thepricewashigh.FlorenceNightingalewasdoingthisgruelingworkbecauseitwasvital,notbecauseshehadchosenit.Shehadchanged.Nowshewasmorebrilliantinargumentthanever,moreefficient,moreknowledgeable,morepersistentandpenetratinginherreasoning,scrupulouslyjust,mathematicallyaccurate—shewaspushingherselftotheverylimitsofhercapacityattheexpenseofalljoy.

1857年5月，一個研究軍隊醫務全項問題的委員會成立了。為此付出的代價是巨大的。這項辛勞的工作交給了弗洛倫斯·南丁格爾，并不是因為她主動請纓，而是這任務至關重要。她開始變了。變得比以往更能言善辯，更注重實效，更有見地，在論理上也更加堅定和深刻。她作風嚴謹，精益求精——這所有一切是她用犧牲所有的娛樂換來的。TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA2Thatsummerof1857wasanightmareforFlorence—notonlywassheworkingdayandnighttoinstructthepoliticianssittingontheCommission,butshewaswritingherownreportaboutherexperiences.

1857年的夏天對弗洛倫斯來說是一場夢魘——她不僅要夜以繼日地說服參與委員會工作的政客們，還要就她的個人經歷撰寫述職報告。TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA3IttookFlorenceonlysixmonthstocompleteherown1,000confidentialreport:NotesonMattersAffectingtheHealth,EfficiencyandHospitalAdministrationoftheBritishArmy.Itwasanincrediblyclear,deeply-consideredvolume.

弗洛倫斯只用了六個月的時間就獨自完成了長達一千頁的《關于英國軍隊保健、效率和醫院管理事項的紀要》的機密報告。其闡述之清晰，考慮之深入令人難以置信。TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA

弗洛倫斯·南丁格爾的基本主張是防患于未然。這在當時是標新立異的，許多政客和軍醫都覺得這過于出格同時又是稀奇古怪的。他們頑固地反對弗洛倫斯和她的支持者們。4FlorenceNightingalewasbasicallyarguingforpreventionratherthancure.Itwasanewideathenandmanypoliticiansandarmymedicalmenfeltitwasrevolutionaryandpositivelycranky.TheygrimlyopposedFlorenceandherallies.TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA5Shewasforcedtoprovethatthesoldiersweredyingbecauseoftheirbasiclivingconditions.Shehadinspecteddozensofhospitalsandbarracksandnowexposedthemasdamp,filthyandunventilated,withdirtydrainsandinfectedwatersupplies.Sheshowedthatthesoldiers’dietwaspoor.Shecollectedstatisticswhichprovedthatthedeathrateforyoungsoldiersinpeacetimewasdoublethatofthenormalpopulation.

她不得不盡力去證實士兵們的基本生活條件是造成他們死亡的原因。她調查了幾十家醫院和兵營從而發現這些地方潮濕、污穢而且通風不暢，排水管污濁并且供水系統受到污染。她指出病號飯欠佳。她根據收集的統計數據證明在和平時期年輕士兵的死亡率是普通人的兩倍。TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA

她證實了盡管軍隊只招募最健康的年輕人，但每年仍有1500人死于疏忽大意、缺乏營養的食物和疾病。她大聲疾呼道“我們的士兵在軍營里被死亡招募而去”，這成為她的支持者們的斗爭呼聲。6Sheshowedthat,thoughthearmytookonlythefittestyoungmen,everyyear1,500werekilledbyneglect,poorfoodanddisease.Shedeclared,“Oursoldiersenlisttodeathinthebarracks.”andthisbecamethebattlecryofhersupporters.TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA7Thepublic,too,wasonherside.Themoretheanti-reformersdraggedtheirfeet,thegreaterthereformpressurebecame.

公眾們也站在了她的一邊。反對改革的保守派越是拖后腿，改革的壓力就越大。TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA8Florencedidnotwinanoutrightvictoryagainstheropponents,butmanychangescamethrough.Soonsomebarrackswererebuiltandwithinthreeyearsthedeathratewouldhalve.

盡管弗洛倫斯沒有取得對反對派的徹底勝利，但確已出現了許多變化。有些兵營被改建，三年內死亡率從預計的減少一半。TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA9TheintenseworkontheCommissionwasover,butFlorencewastocontinuestudying,planningandpressingforarmymedicalreformforthenext30years.

至此委員會的緊張工作告一段落，但弗洛倫斯仍要繼續研究，計劃及督促今后三十年的軍隊醫療改革。TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA10Peoplenowbegantodemandthatsheapplyherknowledgetocivilianhospitals,whichshefoundtobe“justasbadorworse”thanmilitaryhospitals.In1859shepublishedabookcalledNotesonHospitals.Itshowedtheworldwhypeoplefearedtobetakenintohospitalsandhowmatterscouldberemedied.

人們現在開始希望她能將自己的學識用在民用醫院方面，這些醫院的情況在她看來和軍隊醫院“一樣糟，甚至更糟”。1859年她出了一本叫做《醫院紀要》的書。該書向全世界揭示了人們害怕去醫院的原因以及如何改良。TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA11Florencesoonbecameanexpertonthebuildingofhospitalsandallovertheworldhospitalswereestablishedaccordingtoherspecifications.ShewrotehundredsandhundredsoflettersfromhersofainLondoninquiringaboutsinksandsaucepans,locksandlaundryrooms.Nodetailwastoosmallforherconsideredattention.Sheworkedoutideasforthemostefficientwaytodistributecleanlinen,thebestmethodofkeepingfoodhot,andthecorrectnumberofinchesbetweenbeds.Sheintendedtochangetheadministrationofhospitalsfromtoptotoe.Livesdependedupondetail.

弗洛倫斯不久就成了醫院設施方面的專家，全世界的醫院都以她制定的細則進行設計。她坐在倫敦家里的沙發上，寫了成百上千封的信件詢問有關洗滌槽和平底鍋、門鎖和洗衣房的情況。對她來說事無巨細都予以細致入微的關注。她想出辦法，最有效地來發放干凈的被褥，最好地保溫食物的方法，床與床之間最佳的擺放尺寸。她要徹底改變醫院的管理制度。細節維系生命。TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA12FlorenceNightingalesucceeded.AllovertheworldNightingale-stylehospitalswerebuilt.AndFlorencecontinuedtoadviseonhospitalplansforover40years.Today’shospitalswiththeirflowersandbright,cleanandcheerfulwardsareadirectresultofherwork.

弗洛倫斯·南丁格爾成功了。全世界都要建立南丁格爾式的醫院。同時弗洛倫斯將在今后的四十多年里繼續為醫院的規劃出謀劃策。如今的醫院鮮花盛開，窗明幾凈，病房干凈和充滿歡樂，所有這一切都應歸功于她的工作。TextANotesGroupDiscussionTextA1Thatsummerof1857wasanightmareforFlorence—notonlywassheworkingdayandnighttoinstructthepoliticianssittingontheCommission,butshewaswritingherownreportaboutherexperiences.(Para.2)notonlywassheworkingdayandnighttoinstructthepoliticianssittingontheCommission是倒裝語序。

e.g.Notonlydidhespeakmorecorrectly,buthespokemoreeasily.他不僅講話更正確了，而且講得也更輕松了。1857年的那個夏天對弗洛倫斯來說是一段不愉快的經歷——她不僅要夜以繼日地指導委員會中任職的政客們，還要就她的經歷撰寫她自己的報告。TextANotesGroupDiscussionTextA2Themoretheanti-reformersdraggedtheirfeet,thegreaterthereformpressurebecame.(Para.7)反對改革的保守派越是故意拖沓，改革的壓力就變得越大。句中“the+比較級,the+比較級”結構表示“越(是)……，越……”。

e.g.Thewarmertheweather,thebetterIfeel.天氣越暖和，我感覺越舒服。TextANotesGroupDiscussionTextA3TheintenseworkontheCommissionwasover,butFlorencewastocontinuestudying,planningandpressingforarmymedicalreformforthenext30years.(Para.9)委員會的緊張工作告一段落，但弗洛倫斯未來30年仍要繼續研究、計劃并督促軍隊醫療改革。系動詞was后的不定式tocontinue...在此處作表語。

e.g.Thewallistokeeppeopleoutofthegarden.這堵墻為的是不讓人到花園里來。TextANotesGroupDiscussionTextA4Peoplenowbegantodemandthatsheapplyherknowledgetocivilianhospitals,whichshefoundtobe“justasbadorworse”thanmilitaryhospitals.(Para.10)人們現在開始要求她將自己的學識用在民用醫院方面，這些醫院的情況在她看來和軍隊醫院“一樣糟，甚至更糟”。句中demand后面的從句用了動詞原形作謂語，是虛擬語氣的用法。demand、insist、ask等動詞后的賓語從句需要用should+動詞原形，should可省略。

e.g.Theydemandedthattherighttovotebegiventoeveryadultman.他們要求給予每個成年男子以選舉權。TextAGroupDiscussionTextA1WhywasFlorenceNightingaledoingthisgruelingworkin1857?

FlorenceNightingalewasdoingthisgruelingworkbecauseitwasvital,notbecauseshehadchosenit.

TextAGroupDiscussionTextA2WhatcanyoulearnfromNightingale?

Tobeefficient,knowledgeable,persistentandpenetratinginreasoning,scrupulouslyjust,mathematicallyaccurate.

TextAGroupDiscussionTextA3Inyouropinion,whatissuccess?TextASuccessistheachievementofagoal.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.WarmingupNewWordsTextB1.Doyouwanttobeasuccess?

2.Haveyougotsomeideaoffactorsthatinfluencesuccess

?Directions:ThefollowingquestionsTextBNewWordsReadingthroughTextBpersonalitycombinationtraitinevitablyformulacultivateprominentcurrentpinpointrecurprevalentawardextraneouscoremagnatefirsthandnoteworthycapabilityencompassperseverecomprehendincisivelydiligencesummarizetenaciousTextBNewWordsReadingthroughTextBindepth

深入地；全面地atrandom

隨機地attribute…to…

……

歸因于……takeaction

采取行動atleast至少TextBNewWordsReadingthroughTextATextB1.personality[?p??s??n?l?t?]n.個性2.combination[?k?mb??ne???n]n.結合

e.g.

Thiscombinationofcharactersisuniqueinthesection.這種特征的結合在本組中是唯一的。3.trait[trei,treit]n.(某人性格中的)特性

e.g.Whatdoyoufeelisyourstrongestpersonalitytrait?你認為你最顯著的個性特點是什么？4.inevitably[?n?ev?t?bl?]adv.必然地

e.g.Inevitably,anargumentensued.接著不可避免地發生了一場爭論。5.formula[?f??mj?l?]n.準則；方案；處方，配方；公式

e.g.Hedevelopedamathematicalformula.他提出了一個數學公式。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextB6.cultivate['k?lt?ve?t]vt.培養；養成e.g.

Tomtriedtocultivategoodstudyhabits.湯姆試著去培養良好的讀書習慣。7.prominent['pr?m?n?nt]adj.杰出的

e.g.

Thatschoolisprominentinbaseball.那個學校以棒球著稱。8.current['k?r?nt]adj.當前的

e.g.

Howlongwillshekeephercurrentjob?她現在這份工作能維持多久?9.pinpoint['p?np??nt]vt.準確地說出(事實真相)

e.g.

It'sdifficulttopinpointthecauseoftheaccident.很難清楚地找到事故發生的原因。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextB10.recur[r?'k??(r)]vi.再次發生

e.g.Whatdoyouwanttomakeitrecur?如果你能選擇的話，你希望讓什么重現？11.prevalent['prev?l?nt]adj.普遍的

e.g.Eyediseasesareprevalentinsometropicalcountries.在一些熱帶國家，眼疾很流行。12.award[?'w??d]vt. 給予；授予

e.g.Thechampionwasawardedthegoldmedal.

冠軍被授予了金牌。13.extraneous[?k'stre?ni?s]adj.無關的

e.g.Icanchoosetoignoretheseextraneousthoughts.我可以選擇無視這些無關的想法。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextB14.core[k??]n.核心

e.g.Thecoreofourappealisfreedomofspeech.我們的要求的核心是言論自由。15.magnate['m?ɡne?t]n.大亨；巨頭

e.g.Mcdonald’sisaglobalsnackmagnate.麥當勞集團是全球快餐業巨頭。16.firsthand['f??st'h?nd]adv.第一手地；直接地

e.g.Ilearnedthenewsabouthermother’sillnessfirsthandfromLena.我直接從麗娜那里了解到她母親生病的消息。17.noteworthy[?n??t?w??e?]adj.值得注意的

e.g.Ifoundnothingparticularlynoteworthytoreport.我沒有發現什么特別值得報道的事。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextB18.capability[?ke?p??b?l?t?]n.能力

e.g.awoman’sindependence,capability,andpower女人的自立、能力和權力19.encompass[?n?k?mp?s]vt.包含；包括

e.g.Thegroupencompassesallages.這個小組各種年齡的人都有。20.persevere[?p??s??v??(r)]vi.堅忍不拔；堅持不懈

e.g.Sheperseveredwithherviolinlessons.她孜孜不倦地學習小提琴。21.comprehend[?k?mpr??hend]adj.值得注意的

e.g.Hestoodstaringatthedeadbody,unabletocomprehend.他站在那里，盯著那具尸體，弄不明白是怎么回事。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextB22.incisively[?n'sa?s?vl?]adv.切中要害地；尖銳地

e.g.Hewasincisivelycritical.他受到了尖銳的批評。23.diligence[?d?l?d??ns]n.勤奮

e.g.Sheshowsgreatdiligenceinherschoolwork.她上學非常用功。24.summarize[?s?m?ra?z]v.總結

e.g.Basically,thearticlecanbesummarizedinthreesentences.這篇文章基本上可以概述為3句話。25.tenacious[t??ne???s]adj. 堅持的；頑強的

e.g.She'satenaciouswoman.Shenevergivesup.她是個堅毅的人，從不放棄。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextB1.indepth深入地；全面地

e.g.aninterviewconductedingreatdepth.一次深入的采訪

2.atrandom隨機地

e.g.Choseacardatrandomfromthedeck.從一副牌中任意選出一張。3.attribute…to…把……歸因于……

e.g.Mr.Brownattributeshisgoodhealthtocarefulliving.布朗先生把自己的健康體魄歸功于審慎的生活方式。4.takeaction采取行動

e.g.Wemusttakeactionbeforeitistoolate.我們必須趁早采取行動，否則來不及了。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB1Istherea“successpersonality”—somewinningcombinationoftraitsthatleadsalmostinevitablytoachievement?Ifso,exactlywhatisthatsecretsuccessformula,andcananyonecultivateit?世間可有“成功的個性”——也就是那些注定使人成功的優勢組合？如果的確有，那么，其秘訣何在？每個人都能培養出“成功的個性”嗎?TextBWhatSuccessfulPeopleHaveinCommonReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB2Werecentlyfocusedindepthonsuccess,examiningtheattitudesandtraitsof1,500prominentpeopleselectedatrandomfromWho’sWhoinAmerica.ThemaincriterionforinclusioninWho’sWhoinAmericaisnotwealthorsocialposition,butcurrentachievementinagivenfield.Ourresearchpinpointsanumberoftraitsthatrecurregularlyamongtopachievers.Herearefiveofthemostimportant:

近來我們集中深入地對成功問題進行了研究，在美國《名人錄》中隨機選取了1500名杰出人物，研究他們的態度和性格特征。在《名人錄》中選取人物的重要標準是他們在其所屬領域作出了被公眾接受的貢獻，而不是財富和社會地位。我們的研究將高成就者身上頻繁出現的幾種性格特征準確地顯示出來。以下是最重要的5條：TextBReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB3First,commonsense.Thisisthemostprevalentqualitypossessedbyourcorrespondents.Seventy-onepercentawardthemselvesatopscoreinthiscategory.And61percentsaythatcommonsenseisveryimportanttotheirsuccess.第一，良好的判斷力。這是被調查者所擁有的最普遍的品質。79%的人在這一項上都得了高分。并且61%的人說判斷力為他們的成功立下了汗馬功勞。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB4Commonsensemeanstheabilitytorendersound,practicaljudgmentsoneverydayaffairs.Todothis,onehastosweepasideextraneousideasandgetrighttothecoreofwhatmatters.ATexasoilandgasmagnateputitthisway,“Thekeyabilityforsuccessissimplifying.Inconductingmeetingsanddealingwithindustryregulators,reducingacomplexproblemtothesimplesttermsishighlyimportant.”

對多數人來說，判斷力是指合情合理地解決日常事務的能力。要做到這一點，就該掃除無關主題的思想的羈絆，確定事情的核心。一名得克薩斯的石油和天然氣業的巨頭如是說：“簡單化是獲取成功的一個重要能力。在主持會議和處理工業規定時，將一個復雜問題變成最簡單的條款非常有必要。”TextBReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB5Iscommonsenseatraitapersonisbornwith,orcanyoudosomethingtoincreaseit?Theoilman’sansweristhatcommonsensecandefinitelybedeveloped.Heattributeshisstoreofcommonsensetolearninghowtodebateinschool.Anotherwaytoincreaseyourstoreofcommonsenseistoobserveitinothers,learningfromtheirandyourownmistakes.

良好的判斷力是一個人與生俱來的特征，還是后天提高的呢？那位石油大亨回答說，良好的判斷力肯定可以培養出來。他把自己的這種能力歸功于在學校學習辯論的技巧。增強判斷力的另一種方法是觀察別人，從別人和自己的錯誤中學習。

TextBReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB

6Second,knowingone’sfield.Aftercommonsense,specializedknowledgeinone’sfieldisthesecondmostcommontraitpossessedbythecorrespondents,withthreefourthsgivingthemselvesanAinthiscategory.

第二，對你所在的領域了如指掌。在良好的判斷力后，擁有某一領域的專業知識是被調查者的第二個普遍特征，3/4的人在這一項上給自己打了滿分。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB

7GeologistPhilipOxleyattributeshissuccesstohavingworkedintheoilfields.By“sittingonwellsandbirddoggingseismiccrews,”helearnedthetricksofthetradefirsthand.“People,whoaregoingtobegoodmanagersneedtohaveapracticalunderstandingofthecraftsintheirbusiness,”hesays.Todayhisexpertiseearnshimasix-figuresalary.Hesaysthat“understandingwhymyequipmentperformsthewayitdoes”ispartofhissuccessformula.Anoteworthypointisthatheobtainedhisspecializedknowledgethroughself-educationandnotthroughformalschooling.

地質學家菲利浦奧克斯勒把曾在油田工作過作為自己成功的一大原因。通過“在油井邊坐著，觀察地質隊員”，他學到了第一手成功秘訣?！耙蔀槌錾墓芾碚咝枰獙ψ约旱氖聵I所處的行業有切實的了解。”他說。如今，他的專業知識為他贏得了六位數的年薪。他說“了解自己設備的工作方式”是他成功秘訣的一部分。值得注意的是：他不是通過正規的學校教育獲得專業知識的，而是自學成才的。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB

8Third,self-reliance.Topachieversrelyprimarilyontheirownresourcesandabilities.Seventy-sixpercentgivethemselvesanAratingforthistrait.Self-relianceisnothowyoufeelorhowgoodyouare;rather,itiswhetheryouhavethegumptiontotakedefinitiveactiontogetthingsmovinginyourlife.Itincludesplain,oldwillpowerandtheabilitytogetgoals.

第三，依賴自己。成就大事業的人基本是依賴自身的資源和能力。76%的被調查者給自己的這一特點打A。依賴自己并非你感覺如何或認為你有多好就可以了；而要看你是否有魄力采取實際行動，并在生活中真正實施這些事情。這包括人們通常所說的意志力以及實現目標的能力。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB

9Twothirdsofthecorrespondentssaytheyhavecleargoalsfortheirlivesandcareers.AndhalfofthoseweinterviewedgivethemselvesanAinwillpower.Amongothercapabilities,willpowerencompassestheabilitytobeaself-starterandtopersevereafteraprojecthasbegun.

被調查者中有2/3的人說他們曾有確定的生活和職業目標。其中半數人給自己的意志力打A。與其他能力相比，意志力是一種主動開展一個項目并持之以恒的能力。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB

10Fourth,generalintelligence.Thisisessentialforoutstandingachievementsbecauseitinvolvesyournaturalabilitytocomprehenddifficultconceptsquicklyandtoanalyzethemclearlyandincisively.Atleastthat’sthewayourrespondentsseeit—43percentsayitisaveryimportantingredientoftheirsuccess,andanother52percentsayitisfairlyimportant.

第四，一般智能。這是做出突出成就不可缺少的，因為它包括對困難的概念迅速理解并能清晰、準確地對其進行分析的自然能力。至少在我們的被調查者眼中是這樣的——43%的人說這是他們取得成功的一個非常重要的因素，另有52%的人肯定了它的重要性。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB

11Last,abilitytogetthingsdone.Asforaccomplishingtasks,nearlythreefourthsofourhighachieversrankthemselves“veryefficient.”Andtheyagreethatatleastthreeimportantqualitieshavehelpedthemtodoso:organizationalability,goodworkhabitsanddiligence.

最后，完成任務的能力。高成就者中幾乎有3／4的人認為他們“非常有能力”完成任務。他們普遍認為，至少有三個重要的品質有助于他們這么做，即組織能力、良好的工作習慣和勤奮精神。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB

12Aphysicsprofessorsummarizeshissuccessformulathisway,“Sheerhard,tenaciouswork,withtheabilitytopaceoneself.”

一位物理學教授在總結他的成功模式時這樣說：“全力以赴，緊張工作，使自己有規律地勻速前行?！彼寡砸恢艿墓ぷ鲿r間總計有100小時。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB

13Besidesthefivelistedhere,thereareotherfactorsthatinfluencesuccess:leadership,creativity,relationshipswithothers,and,ofcourse,luck.Ifyoucultivatethesetraits,chancesareyou’llsucceed.AndyoumightevenfindyourselflistedinWho’sWhoinAmericasomeday.

除此5條，影響成功還有其他諸多因素，比如領導能力、創造能力、協調能力，當然，運氣也不可缺少。如果具有了這些特點，你就可能獲得成功，甚至在某一天，你會突然發現《名人錄》中有自己的名字。NotesGroupDiscussionTextB1Werecentlyfocusedindepthonsuccess,examiningtheattitudesandtraitsof1,500prominentpeopleselectedatrandomfromWho’sWhoinAmerica.(Para.2)近來我們集中深入地對成功話題進行了研究，在《美國名人錄》中隨機選取了1,500名杰出人物，考察他們對事物的看法和性格特性。句中examiningtheattitudesandtraitsof1,500prominentpeopleselectedatrandomfromWho’sWhoinAmerica是現在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。e.g.Iphonedagain,makingsureIhadtherightnumber.我又打了一次電話，確保號碼是對的。TextBNotesGroupDiscussionTextB2Todothis,onehastosweepasideextraneousideasandgetrighttothecoreofwhatmatters.(Para.4)要做到這一點，一個人就不要考慮無關的想法，確定要緊事的核心。句中Todothis是不定式作狀語，表示目的。e.g.IwenttoliveinFrancetolearnFrench.我到法