非謂語動詞在語法填空和寫作中的應用一、建議信1．

假定你是李華，外教Ryan準備將學生隨機分為兩人一組，讓大家課后練習口語，你認為這樣分組存在問題。請你給外教寫一封郵件，內容包括：1.說明問題；2.提出建議。注意：

1.寫作詞數應為80個左右；

2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。DearRyan,I’mLiHuafromClass3._______________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHuaDearRyan,I’mLiHuafromClass3.Ithinkit’snotagoodideatorandomlypairupstudentsforthespokenEnglishtrainingafterclass.Thereasonsareasfollows.Tobeginwith,randomlypairingupstudentsmayleadtounbalancedlanguageabilitieswithinthegroups.Thiscanhindertheprogressofstudentsasthemoreadvancedonemaydominatetheconversation,leavinglittleroomfortheotherstudentstoimprove.Besides,studentsmayfeeluncomfortableorlessmotivatedifpairedwithsomeonewhotheydon’tgetalongwithorhavedifficultycommunicatingwith.Mysuggestionistogroupstudentsbasedontheirlanguageabilitiesortoletstudentschoosetheirownpartners.Thisway,everyonecanfeelmorecomfortablepracticingandimprovingtheirspokenEnglishtogether.Thankyouforconsideringmysuggestion.Yourssincerely,LiHuaDearRyan,I’mLiHuafromClass3.Ithinkit’snotagoodidea______________(randomlypairup）studentsforthespokenEnglishtrainingafterclass.Thereasonsareasfollows.Tobeginwith,____________(randomlypairup)studentsmayleadtounbalancedlanguageabilitieswithinthegroups.Thiscanhindertheprogressofstudentsasthemoreadvancedonemaydominatetheconversation,____________(leave)littleroomfortheotherstudentstoimprove.Besides,studentsmayfeeluncomfortableorlessmotivatedif________(pair)withsomeonewhotheydon’tgetalongwithorhavedifficultycommunicatingwith.Mysuggestionis__________(group)studentsbasedontheirlanguageabilitiesor_______(let)studentschoosetheirownpartners.Thisway,everyonecanfeelmorecomfortable_________(practice)and__________(improve)theirspokenEnglishtogether.Thankyoufor___________(consider)mysuggestion.Yourssincerely,LiHua一關于非謂語動詞的基本認識1非謂語的形式主要形式：______________________________________其他形式：———————————————————————————2非謂語動詞在句中做的成分_______;_________;________;_________;___________;___________二非謂語動詞做主語常用句型Itis/wasnousedoingsth.做…沒用Itis/wasnogooddoingsth.做…沒用Itis/wasnotanyusedoingsth.做…沒用Itis/wasnotanygooddoingsth.做…沒用Itis/wasuselessdoingsth做…沒用Itis/wasoflittleusedoingsth做…沒用Itis/wasoflittlegooddoingsth.做…沒用Itis/wasworthdoingsth.值得做…..Ittakessb.sometimetodosth花費時間做….Itbenecessaryforsb.todosth.做..對某人來說必要Itbewiseofsb.todosth做…對某人來說明智It+be+n.（agoodidea）+todosth.做…是…..二）Ving或Ving短語做主語三）練習1單句語法填空.________(walk)isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold..How__________(solve)theproblemwillbediscussedattomorrow’smeeting.._______(expose)tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin..Itisnouse(debate)withTom,becausehewillneverchangehismind..Itisnotalwayseasy__________(refuse)invitations..It’sawasteoftime(persuade)suchapersontojoinus.．_______(learn)Chineseisamust,whichislikelytomakeyourlivinginChinamorecomfortable.．Don’tbetoohardonyourself.________(be)contentwithwhatyouhaveisthekeytohappiness.．His________(win)firstprizeinthecontestmadehisparentsveryhappy.．Duringthesummerholidays,itisfun________(play)withchildren.．________(climb)mountainsonsuchacleardayisagoodwaytorelax.．________(take)regularexerciseisgoodforourhealth.．________(communicate)withothersontheInternethasmanyadvantages.．________(take)partinafter-classactivitiesnotonlymakesourschoollifecolourfulbutalsoimprovesourlearning.2寫句子說是一回事，而做是另一回事。________________________________________________________________每天散步有助于一個人保持健康。____________________________________________________________________對于老人來說爬山確實困難。________________________________________________________________________勸說這種人加入我們是浪費時間。________________________________________________________________________悔恨過去是沒用的。______________________________________________________________他們前來幫忙對我們來說是巨大的鼓舞。____________________________________________________________________他的/湯姆的遲到使老師很生氣。____________________________________________________________________杰里未能按時到達令在場的人很生氣。_____________________________________________________________________騎自行車是一個鍛煉的好方式。參加這個比賽是提高你口語的好機會。在我們的日常生活中擁有一個好的心情對于我們來說是重要的。據報道這些天那兒的天氣炎熱而干燥。他們所做的給別人帶來了快樂并且豐富了他們自己的生活。每天玩游戲使我很開心。很明顯，他很心煩。很遺憾，我錯過了那個比賽。讀書是一件有趣的事情。打籃球使我的身體強壯。三非謂語動詞做賓語1用不定式作賓語的動詞搭配decidetodo......=determinetodo......決定做.....learntodo.....學習做....wanttodo......想要做.....expecttodo.....=hopetodo...=wishtodo......希望做.....managetodo....設法做.....refusetodo.......拒絕做.....caretodo.......關心做....pretendtodo......假裝做.....offertodo.......主動做.....promisetodo.......答應/許諾做....choosetodo.......選擇做.....plantodo......計劃做.....agreetodo......同意做.....asktodo......要求做.....begtodo......乞求做.....helptodo.......幫助做.....setouttodosth著手做…..用動名詞作賓語的動詞搭配。(1)considerdoing......考慮做....（2）suggestdoing......=advisedoing......建議做....（3）excusedoing......=pardondoing......原諒做....（4）admitdoing......承認做.......（5）delaydoing.......=putoffdoing.....推遲做......（6）fancydoing......想象做......（7）avoiddoing....避免做....（8）missdoing.....錯過做......（9）keepdoing.....繼續做....（10）keepondoing......繼續做......（11）practicedoing....練習做.....（12）denydoing.....否認做.....（13）finishdoing......完成做......enjoydoing.......=appreciatedoing.....欣賞做.....forbiddoing.....禁止做......imaginedoing......想象做.....（17）riskdoing......冒險做......can’thelpdoing....情不自禁做.......minddoing......介意做.....allowdoing.....=permitdoing.....允許做......escapedoing......逃避做.....affordtodo......支付得起做....strivetodo.......奮力做.....happentodo.....碰巧做.....waittodo.....等待做....threatentodo.....威脅做.....setaboutdoingsth著手做….3含介詞to的動詞短語：（1）lookforwardtodoing....期盼做......beusedtodoing......=beaccustomedtodoing.....習慣于做......devotetodoing......投身于做......gobacktodoing......恢復做....；重新做.....sticktodoing......堅持做.....objecttodoing.......反對做.....getdowntodoing.....=setaboutdoingsth著手做.....payattentiontodoing.......注意做.....can’tstanddoing.....無法忍受做.....giveupdoing.....放棄做......feellikedoing.....喜歡做......insistondoing....堅持做......bebusydoing....忙于做......Howabout=Whataboutdoing.........關于.....怎樣Thereisnopoint/senseindoing......做.....沒有意義It’snousedoingsth=It’snogooddoingsth=It’suselessdoingsth做…沒有用4可省略in的短語havedifficulty(in)doing.....做.....有困難haveagood/wonderfultime(in)doing.....做.....很愉快/高興haveahardtime(in)doing.....做.....不容易havebother(in)doingsth做…費勁havetrouble(in)doingsth做…有麻煩spendtime(in)doing....花費時間做......5接todo與doing的區別。forget+todosth.忘記要做某事+doingsth.忘記已經做過某事remember+todosth.記得要做某事+doingsth.記得曾經做過某事regret+todosth.很遺憾要去做某事+doingsth.后悔做過某事try+todosth.努力做某事+doingsth.試著做某事mean+todosth.打算做某事+doingsth.意味著做某事can’thelptodosth.不能幫助做…can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做….練習1單句語法填空Ican’tstand__________(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses________(stop)talkingwhilesheworks.Mywatchdoesn'twork.Itneeds___________(repair).Ireallyappreciate___________(have)timetorelaxwithyouonthisniceisland．Theyareconsidering_________(go)toAmerica.Youneedn’t_______(go)withhim,hedoesn’twant___________(examine)bythedoctor.Iusuallyforget_________(shut)thedoor,butIremember_________(shut)ityesterday.Thoughitwasraininghar2d,theywenton________(work)inthefields.Theboycouldn’thelp__________(cry)whenheheardthenews.Thereweremanytalentedactorsouttherejustwaiting_____________.(discover)Shetoldmethatshehaddecided__________(notbe)lateagain.Whenhegotoffthetrain,ithappened__________(rain).Billsuggested______(hold)ameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation（13）.Thegraduatingstudentsarebusy_________(collect)materialfortheirreports.（14）.Mybrotherregretted____________(miss)alecturegivenbyProfessorLiu.（15）.Imeant__________(visit)you,butIwassobusy.．Haveyoueverforgotten________(switch)offtheTVorcomputer?．Ifyougetintotrouble,pleasedon’thesitate__________(inform)meatonce.．Ifailed________(catch)theearlybus,soIwaslateforwork.．Theyattempted_________(persuade)himtostopandhavearest，butfailed.．Shepretended________(practise)speakingEnglishloudlywhenhermotherenteredthebedroom.．Althoughhehasfailedseveraltimes,hestillstruggles________(keep)on.．Theycontinued_____(talk)afterthemeal.．Afterarestlessnightinthetent,Icouldn’twait________(get)outsideintotheearlymorninglight.．Weregret

_________________(tell)youthatyourapplicationhasnotbeensuccessful.．Shortlyafter,hemanaged_____(return)tohisfilmcareerbydirecting,producingandevenstarringinfilms.．Wecanneverpromise________(sail)anywhereinparticular,becausetheweathermightgoagainstit.．ManypeoplewhoworkinLondonprefer__________(live)outsideit,andtogointotheirofficeseverydaybytrain,carorbus.．Thecompanyresearchedthemarketdemandanddecided________(launch)theirnewproducts.．Itisworthwhile________(suffer)forourdreams,eventhoughwemayconfrontdifficulties.．Theyounglike_________(chat)withtheirfriendsontheInternet.．Tearsrelievestress,butwetend_________(fight)themoffforallsortsofreasons.．You’llhaveanaccidentifyoucarryon________(drive)likethat.．Thereferencebookisworth________(buy),becauseitisagreathelpforyourstudy.．TheInternetalsoprovidesuswithacheapalternativeto________(communicate)withothers.．Thebankstronglyresist________(cut)interestrates(降低利率),whilethepublicholdtheoppositeattitude.．Asweallknow,astrongmanwillbearanyhardshipwithout_______(complain).．Thewitnessopposed________(turn)upatthecourt,whichmadehimworried.．Tomwaslookingforwardto________(be)invitedtoMary’sbirthdayparty.．Helovedplayingthisinstrument,andwascommittedto_____________________(practice)it.．Thesungivesuswarmthby______(heat)theearth.(用所給詞的適當形式填空)．Experiencedcraftsmenarecalledtogethertofigureouteffectiveapproachesto________(restore)thosehistoricalbuildingsdestroyedbytheearthquake.．Thequickestwaytofindhappinessistoquit________(complain)aboutyourpresentlife.．Werecommend________(book)ticketsearly,asthisisapopularevent.．Ireallyappreciate________(invite)togivethisspeech.．Ididn’tthinkIcouldevergetusedto_______(live)inabigcityafterlivinginthecountry.．Therearemillionsofpeopleinourcountrywhoareaddictedto______(smoke),whichisextremelydangeroustopublichealth.．Bytheway,wouldyoumind________(take)theparceltothepostofficeformenow?．Shepreferred________(spend)hersparetimeindoingsomereadingtogoingouttoplaywithotherchildrenwhenshewasyoung.．Runningyourownbusinessusuallyinvolves______(work)longhours.．OurEnglishteachersuggests________(read)Englishaloudeverymorning.2寫句子他決定努力學習。我們發現完成這份工作很難。我希望他已經決定參加這個派對了。我后悔浪費這么多時間在森林里玩了。大衛拒絕接受我的邀請。我發現想要忘記你很難。他們發現把一切及時準備好很難四非謂語動詞做表語動名詞做表語不定式做表語分詞做表語練習1單句語法填空Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodforthecouple,butitremains________(see)whethertheywillenjoyit.Herwishis__________(become)anengineer.Somepeople’sgreatestpleasureis__________(go)fishing.Theaimofthefestivalis____________(increase)awarenessofChinesecultureandtraditions.Thereportwasso__________thattheywereall__________.(inspire)Wereyou_______(frighten)whenyousawthatwildanimal?五非謂語動詞做定語分詞做定語二）不定式做定語名詞被序數詞修飾時名詞被theright,thenext,thelast,theonly修飾時抽象名詞后常用不定式作后置定語。如：ability,plan,decision,wish,refusal,hope,agreement,promise,failure,intention,attempt,warning,offer,law,idea,power,chance,=opportunity,right,power,effort,measure,reason,way,movement,havesthtodo有….事自己做havesthtobedone有….事讓別人做練習1單句語法填空（1）AtfirsttheEnglish_______(speak)inEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150wasverydifferentfromEnglishspokentoday.（2）Aftergraduatingfromcollege,wefinallygotthechance________(take)abiketrip.（3）Inaddition,manydiedfromthediseases________(bring)bytheEuropeans.（4）However,somesurvivedtheseterribletimes,andtodaytherearemorenativeAmericans_______(live)inCaliforniathaninanyotherstate.（5）In1846theUnitedStatesdeclaredwaronMexico,andafterthewar_______(win)bytheUSA,MexicohadtogiveCaliforniatotheUSA.（6）In1911immigrantsfromDenmarkestablishedatownoftheirown,_________todaystillkeepuptheirDanishculture.（7）TheindustryboomattractedEuropeans__________(include)manyJewishpeople.（8）Manyattempts_________(clone)mammalsfailed.（9）ThenextmorningIcarriedinmyhandasmallnet_______(use)forcatchingfish.（10）Pressedbymyfriendsandrelatives,Idecidedtoseizetheopportunity______(get)recognitionformysuccessfulideabysendingmyinventiontothepatentoffice.（11）IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter___66___(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild。（12）Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople_70__(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.（13）Whilethereare__68__(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation，formostofusthechangesaregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork，likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbepatient.（14）Volunteeringgivesyouachance____(change)lives,includingyourown.（15）Shewasaverycarefulmother.For25days,sheneverleftherbaby,noteventofindsomething_____(eat)。（16）Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatrain______（catch）.（17）Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution,I’dlikeyoutolookatastudy_________(conduct)inAustraliain2012.（18）Inartcriticism,youmustassumetheartisthasasecretmessage_________(hide)withinthework.（19）Todaytherearemoreairplanes________(carry)morepeoplethaneverbeforeintheskies.（20）Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeople________(watch)theopeningceremonyliveonTV.（21）There’sanotepinnedtothedoor_______(say)whentheshopwillopenagain.（22）Theproducercomesregularlytocollectthecameras________(return)toourshopforqualityproblem.（23）AmieSalmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse_________(appoint)toguardher.（24）Volunteeringgiveyouachance_______(change)lives,includingyourown.（25）Insomelanguages,100wordsmakeuphalfofallwords________(use)indailyconversations.（26）Theroomisemptyexceptforabookshelf_________(stand)inonecorner.（27）LaurawasawayinParisforoveraweek.Whenshegothome,therewasapileofmail_______(wait)forher.（28）Youcan’tacceptanopinion________(offer)toyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.（29）Theairport__________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.（30）Thewitness________(question)bythepolicejustnowgaveverydifferentdescriptionsofthefight.（31）Wearehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision________(make)atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.2寫句子我真誠地向你道歉為這次意想不到的變化所造成的不便。我是李華，一名參加你們大學夏日課程的中國學生。我們報紙的外國文化欄目在學生當中非常受歡迎。它刊登外國朋友寫的關于他們家鄉文化的文章。現在我很高興告訴你將有一個我們學校舉辦的中國剪紙展。雖然我們經常感覺有壓力，我們應該找到處理壓力的合適的方法。我們都感覺累，但是我們都非常開心。因為這是一次有意義的經歷并且這是一個極好的學習團隊精神的機會。我寫信是為了邀請你去我們學校這周五下午在藝術中心舉辦的傳統中國文化展。你有更多和你同學用中文說話的機會。我寫信是為了邀請你當裁判在我們學校六月十五號舉辦的英語競賽演講。那些用于醫藥研究的錢被充分利用了六非謂語動詞做狀語分詞做狀語不定式做狀語三）練習1單句語法填空（1）___________(hit)byalackoffreshair,Myheadached.（2）____________(arrive)atastrange-lookinghouse,heshowedmeintoalarge,brightcleanroom.（3）___________(describe)asanenormousroundplate,itspinsslowlyinspacetoimitatethepulloftheearth’sgravity.（4）Istaredatthemovingmodelofthewastemachine,__________(absorb)byitsefficiency.（5）___________(prevent)thisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.（6）Itlookedsplendidwhenfirst________(build)（7）HenryClayFrick,arichNewYork,diedin1919,___________(leave)hishouse,furnitureandartcollectiontotheAmericanpeople.（8）ItseemsamazingthatatmyageIamstillfitenough___________(cycle)20kilometersinanafternoon.（9）Ifyouareluckyenough_________(visit)theLakeofHeavenwithyourlovedone,don’tforgettomakeawishtoguaranteeyourlovewillbeasdeepandlastingasthelakeitself.（10）Themandidsomepart-timejobs___________(support)hisfamily.（11）________(make)iteasiertogetintouchwithus,you’dbetterkeepthiscardathand.（12）__________(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.（13）Newly-builtwoodencottageslinethestreet,__________(turn)theoldtownintoadreamland.（14）__________(catch)theearlyflight,weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.（15）__________(absorb)inpainting,Johndidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.（16）___________(work)fortwodays,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.（17）____________(learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.（18）Whentheclerksawakindfacewrinkledinanapologeticsmile,shestoodrootedtotheground,________(wonder)whethertostayorleave.（19）SometimesIactasalisteningearforfellowstudents_________(talk)overwhatisbotheringthem.（20）__________(raise)inthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.（21）Children,when_____________(accompany)bytheirparents,areallowedtoenterthestadium.（22）_____________(free)ourselvesfromthephysicalandmentaltensions,weeachneeddeepthoughtandinnerquietness.（23）__________(work)outthedifficultmathsproblem,IhaveconsultedProfessorRussellseveraltimes.（24）Igottotheofficeearlierthatday,_________(catch)the7:30trainfromPaddington.（25）_________(eat)atthecafeteriabefore,Tinadidn’twanttoeatthereagain.（26）Istoppedthecar________(take)ashortbreakasIwasfeelingtired.（27）Agoodlistenertakespartintheconversation,_________(offer)ideasandraisingquestionstokeepthetalkflowing.（28）___________(stay)warmatnight,Iwouldfillthewoodstove,thensetmyalarmclockformidnightsoIcouldrefillit.（29）When___________(ask)forhisviewsabouthisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.（30）Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,_________(leave)thebreakfastuntouched.（31）_________(ask)toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.2寫句子無視她的話，男人快步走了。(doing)_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________我盡最大努力控制馬。我努力保持平衡防止自己掉下來。（2018浙江）______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________當我們正要絕望的時候，我們聽到了遠處有微弱的聲音。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________她冷得無法忍受，精疲力竭，完全不知道該如何應對這種可怕的情況。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

看到我做了什么，媽媽皺了皺眉頭，好像是要我趕快站起來。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________好奇心切，她從河岸邊跑開，穿過田野，去追兔子。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________聽到這句話，阿拉姆Aram高興地跳了起來。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________想要表現出我的善良，我彎下腰，撿起球，用盡全力把它扔回去。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________走了很久，她發現自己迷路了。(havingdone)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________失敗了三次，她不想再試一次。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________在街上漫無目的地逛了幾小時之后，她感到有點餓，想吃東西。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________說出真相后，她心里輕松了很多，心情愉快地回家了。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.做好充分的準備后，她站在窗邊，期待著女兒的到來。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________因為承諾了五點之前我們一定到那兒，所以當車拋錨的時候，我非常慌張。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________沉浸在強烈的恐懼感中，她一句話說不出來。（done）______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________被老師罵了一頓，她哭了起來。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________被老師誤解，被大家嘲笑，他感到很沮喪。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________他周圍的一切都充滿了她的存在，不斷地重新揭開傷疤。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________他父親死了，留給他很多錢。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________雨連續下了幾天，徹底破壞了我們的旅行計劃。___________________________________________________________________________這個人年紀輕輕就死了，除了債務之外什么也沒留下。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________燈突然熄滅，我們陷于一片黑暗中。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________他把花瓶掉在地上，摔成了碎片。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.她感到累極了，坐在溪邊，讓疼痛的雙腳放松一下。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________他躺在那兒，眼睛盯著天花板。(with)___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________我熱淚盈眶，沖出公寓里沖出來，沿著街道跑。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________他他沖向房間，心怦怦直跳，滿臉通紅。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________這個人坐在椅子上，雙手被綁在背后。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________天快亮時，簡醒來，頭暈目眩。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（30）.體育館在那時變得非常嘈雜，每個人都高聲叫著______________________________________________________________________________七非謂語動詞做補語一）后接sb.todosth的動詞短語advisesb.todosth.建議某人做.....allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事asksb.todosth.要求某人做某事begsb.todosth.乞求某人做某事causesb.todosth.引起某人做某事encouragesb.todosth.鼓勵某人做某事expectsb.todosth.期望某人做某事forbidsb.todosth.禁止某人做某事forcesb.todosth.強迫某人做某事getsb.todosth.使某人做某事intendsb.todosth.打算某人做某事invitesb.todosth.邀請某人做某事likesb.todosth.喜歡某人做某事lovesb.todosth.喜歡某人做某事ordersb.todosth.命令某人做某事persuadesb.todo