翻譯技巧4減詞CuttingpronounsCuttingconjunctionsCuttingarticlesCuttingprepositionsCuttingrepeatedphrasesFromtheGrammaticalAspect

Ⅰ.CuttingpronounsACuttingthepronounassubject1.根據漢語習慣，后句主語若與前句相同，不必重復出現。e.g.Butit’sthewayIam,andtryasImight,Ihaven’tbeenabletochangeit.—不過我就是這個脾氣，雖然竭力想改，終究還是改不了。2.泛指人稱代詞作主語時，即便是第一個主語，也往往省略掉。e.g.Youcannevertell. —很難說。e.g.Weeattolive,butnotlivetoeat. —吃飯是為了活著，可活著不是為了吃飯。e.g.Anyonewhodoesnotrecognizethisfactisnotamaterialist.—不承認這個事實，就不是唯物主義者。BCuttingthepronounasobjecte.g.Thisformulamakesiteasytodeterminethewavelengthofsounds.—這一公式使得測定聲音的波長十分簡單。e.g.Beforehandinginyourtranslation,youhavetoreaditoverandoveragainandseeifthereisanythinginittobecorrectedorimproved.—交出翻譯之前必須多讀幾遍，看看里面有沒有要修改的地方。CCuttingthepossessivepronoune.g.Fortwoweeks,hehadbeenstudyingthehouse,lookingatitsrooms,itselectricwiring,itspathanditsgarden.—連著兩星期他都在觀察房子的情況，檢查各個房間，查看線路、通道和花園的布局。e.g.Thetraincame.Hepinchedhislittlesisterlovingly,andputhisgreatarmsabouthismother’sneckandthenwasaway.—火車來了。他疼愛地捏了捏小妹妹，粗壯的胳膊摟了一下母親的脖子，然后就走了。DCuttingthepronounincomparativesentencee.g.TheclimateinSwitzerlandisabsolutelydifferentfromthatinSomalia.—瑞士的氣候與索馬里截然不同。ECutting“it”A)Cutting“it”asimpersonalpronoune.g.Outsideitwasrainingcatsanddogsassheshutthedoor.—她關門時外面正下著滂沱大雨。B)Cutting“it”asemphaticpronoune.g.ItwasonlythenthatIbegantohavedoubtswhethermystorywouldeverbetold.—直到那時我才開始懷疑，我的經歷究竟能不能公諸于眾。Ⅱ.CuttingconjunctionsACuttingthecoordinatingconjunctione.g.HeconsideredtheNationalSecurityCounciltoolargeandbulkyandthustooleaky,toomanypeoplewhotalkedtoomuch.—他認為國家安全委員會機構過于龐大臃腫，人多嘴雜，容易泄密。e.g.Yourparentsoryourwifeoryoursonoryourbestfriendsmightbeexpectingyoubackhomesafeandsound.—也許你的父母，妻兒，或者你最好的朋友都在盼望你平安回家呢。BCuttingthesubordinateconjunction1.省略表示原因的連接詞e.g.Weknewthatsummerwascoming,aswecouldseeaswallow.—我們看見一只燕子，知道夏天就要來臨了。e.g.Becausethedeparturewasnoteasy,we’dbettermakeitbrief.—離別不是件容易的事（離別真叫人難受），我們還是簡短些吧。2.省略表示條件的連接詞e.g.Ifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?—冬天來了，春天還會遠嗎？（雪萊《西風頌》）e.g.IwouldnothavesaiditifIhadknownit.—早知如此我就不說了。3.省略表示時間的連接詞e.g.Whenatlasthestooduponthebluff,heturnedtohislittlesisterandlookeduponhersorrowfully.—最后他站到了懸崖上，轉過身來，悲哀地看著他的小妹妹。e.g.Atlonglast,onJune6,1944,aftertheEuropeanwarwasbasicallydecidedandHitlerlicked,theallieslaunchedtheirlong-delayedwesternfront.—1944年6月6日，歐洲戰局基本已見分曉，希特勒敗局已定，盟軍終于在這一天開辟了延遲了很久的西線戰場。Ⅲ.Cuttingarticlese.g.Anysubstanceismadeofatomswhetheritisasolid,aliquid,oragas.—任何物質，不論是固體、液體或氣體，都由原子構成。（類別）e.g.Themoonwasslowlyrisingabovethesea.—月亮從海上冉冉升起。（獨一無二的事物）e.g.WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadalreadybegun.—我到電影院時，電影已經開始了。（特指）

但在下列情況中冠詞不能省略：不定冠詞“a(n)”強調數目“一”或“每一”、“同一”時：e.g.twiceaweek;birdsofafeather同一種類的鳥e.g.Heleftwithoutsayingaword.—他一句話不說就走了。定冠詞“the”強調“這”、“那”時：e.g.Thisistheboywhobrokeourwindowfiveminutesago,sir!Ⅳ.Cuttingprepositionse.g.Thedifferencebetweenthetwomachinesconsistsinpower.—這兩臺機器的差別在于功率不同。e.g.Hydrogenisthelightestelementwithanatomicweightof1.0008.—氫是最輕的元素，原子量為1.0008。**一般說來，表示時間和地點的介詞短語放在譯文句首時大都可省。e.g.Thebattlebeganat11:00p.m.—夜晚11點，戰役打響了。（比較：戰役在夜晚11點打響。）e.g.Anancientcastlestoodontheedgeofthecliff.—懸崖邊矗立著一座古堡。（比較：一座古堡矗立在懸崖邊。）ⅴ.Cuttingverbse.g.Whenthepressuregetslow,theboilingpointbecomeslow.—氣壓低，沸點就低。e.g.Solidsexpandandcontractasliquidsandgasesdo.—如同液體和氣體一樣，固體也會膨脹和收縮。FromtheRhetoricalAspect

1.Cuttingtherepeatedphrasee.g.Insteadofoneoldwomanknockingmeaboutandstarvingme,everybodyofallagesknockedmeaboutandstarvedme.—那時打我、讓我挨餓的不只是一個老太婆，而是老老少少各式各樣的人。2.Cuttingwordswhicharenotnecessarye.g.Hisyoungersisterisanactress.—他妹妹是個（女）演員。e.g.Asscheduled,ChineseandAmericandiplomatsmetonJanuary20,attheChineseEmbassyinPoland.Itwastheirfirstget-togetherinmorethantwoyears.中美兩國外交官按照預定計劃于一月二十日在波蘭的中國大使館會晤。這是兩年多來的第一次。e.g.Universityapplicantswhohadworkedatajobwouldreceivepreferenceoverthosewhohadnot.—報考大學的人，有工作經驗的將優先錄取。Homework:SentenceTranslation1.ButHumboldtnevertooktothem.Hedislikedtheiraffluentwayoflife,withplentyoffoodanddrinkandalltheworkdoneforthembytheIndians.AsfarasHumboldtwasconcerned,theyonlydidhimonepositiveservice.TheytookhislettersandsawthattheyweresenttohisfriendsinEurope.2.Theywentintodinner.Itwasexcellent,andthewinewasgood.Itsinfluencepresentlyhaditseffectonthem.Theytalkednotonlywithoutacrimony,butevenwithfriendliness.3.Despitetheprivation,andthemountingtollofdeadandwounded,moraleremainedintact,andpeoplestillsmileinthestreet.4.Shecurtseyedagain,andwouldhaveblusheddeeper,ifshecouldhaveblusheddeeperthanshehadblushedallthetime.5.Afteradecadeonthenewcontinent,theimmigrantsfromEuropehadfittedthemselvestotheland，theclimat