備戰2023年中考英語熱點話題解讀+關鍵能力(題型)強化專練熱點11諾貝爾獎的相關情況以量子計算和量子通信為代表的第二次量子革命、曾被愛因斯坦質疑的量子糾纏、中國在全球率先發射的量子衛星……這些都是與剛剛揭曉的2022年諾貝爾物理學獎相關的熱門話題。瑞典皇家科學院4日宣布，將2022年諾貝爾物理學獎授予法國科學家阿蘭·阿斯佩、美國科學家約翰·克勞澤和奧地利科學家安東·蔡林格，以表彰他們在“糾纏光子實驗、驗證違反貝爾不等式和開創量子信息科學”方面所做出的貢獻。10月4日，在瑞典斯德哥爾摩舉行的2022年諾貝爾物理學獎公布現場，屏幕上顯示獎項得主阿蘭·阿斯佩（左）、約翰·克勞澤（中）和安東·蔡林格的照片。量子力學從上世紀初誕生以來，催生了晶體管、激光等重大發明，這被科學界稱為第一次量子革命。近來，以量子計算和量子通信為代表的第二次量子革命又在興起。瑞典皇家科學院在諾獎公報中說，今年三位獲獎者在量子糾纏實驗方面的貢獻，“為當前量子技術領域正發生的革命奠定了基礎”。量子糾纏長期是量子力學中最具爭議的問題之一。量子糾纏是一種奇怪的量子力學現象，處于糾纏態的兩個量子不論相距多遠都存在一種關聯，其中一個量子狀態發生改變，另一個的狀態會瞬時發生相應改變。在很長一段時間里，以愛因斯坦為代表的部分物理學家對量子糾纏持懷疑態度，愛因斯坦稱其為“鬼魅般的超距作用”。他們認為量子理論是“不完備”的，糾纏的粒子之間存在著某種人類還沒觀察到的相互作用或信息傳遞，也就是“隱變量”。20世紀60年代，物理學家約翰·貝爾提出可用來驗證量子力學的“貝爾不等式”。如果貝爾不等式始終成立，那么量子力學可能被其他理論替代。為了對貝爾不等式進行驗證，美國科學家約翰·克勞澤設計了相關實驗，其中使用特殊的光照射鈣原子，由此發射糾纏的光子，再使用濾光片來測量光子的偏振狀態。經過一系列測量，克勞澤能夠證明實驗結果違反了貝爾不等式，且與量子力學預測相符。但這個實驗具有局限性，原因包括實驗裝置在產生和捕獲粒子方面效率較低、濾光片處于固定角度等。在此基礎上，法國科學家阿蘭·阿斯佩設計了新版本的實驗，測量效果更好。阿斯佩填補了克勞澤實驗的重要漏洞，并提供了一個非常明確的結果：量子力學是正確的，且沒有“隱變量”。奧地利科學家安東·蔡林格后來對貝爾不等式進行了更多的實驗驗證。其中一項實驗使用了來自遙遠星系的信號來控制濾波器，確保信號不會相互影響，進一步證實了量子力學的正確性。蔡林格和同事還利用量子糾纏展示了一種稱為量子隱形傳態的現象，即將量子態從一個粒子轉移到另一個粒子。其團隊還在量子通信等方面有諸多研究進展。其中一項重要成果就是，2017年中國與奧地利科學家借助中國的“墨子號”量子衛星，成功實施世界首次量子保密的洲際視頻通話。這也是為什么諾貝爾物理學獎評委托爾斯·漢斯·漢森在現場解讀獲獎成果時，展示了一張含有中國量子衛星的圖片，其上顯示了中國和歐洲之間的洲際量子通信實驗。諾獎官方公報說，世界各地的研究人員已經發現了許多利用量子力學強大特性的新方法，而這些都得益于今年三位獲獎者的貢獻。他們掃除了貝爾不等式等“攔路虎”，這也是為什么公報稱贊“他們的結果為基于量子信息的新技術掃清了道路”。（來源|新華網、科學＋）一、閱讀理解1Whatwouldlifebelikeifyouwerearocker,asoccerplayer,aprofessoratStanfordUniversity,andaNobelPrizewinner?CarolynBertozzifromtheUSlivessuchacoollife!Bertozzi,56,sharesthisyear’sNobelPrizeinchemistrywithBarrySharpless（US）andMortenMeldal（Denmark）.Shebecamethisyear’sonlywomanwinnerinscienceandtheeighthwomantoreceivethechemistryprizeinhistory.Bertozziwontheprizeforstudyingthesugarcoatsofcells（細胞）.Shehasfoundasmartwaytoconnectcellsbyconnectingtheirsugarcoats.Thecellsthenhaveagreencolorsothatscientistscanseeclearlywheretheyareandhowtheymove.AccordingtotheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,thisfindinghasaquitegoodinfluenceonmedicine.Despitehergreatachievements,BertozzisaidshewasnotveryinterestedinchemistryuntilhersecondyearatHarvardUniversity.“Theprofessorsmadetheclassverydifficult.”shetoldChemistryWorldmagazine.“Myclassmatescomplainedalot,butitmatchedmybrain.”Exceptfordoingsciencestudies,Bertozzihaslivedacolorfullife.Shewasakeyboarder（鍵盤手）inarockband.“Ievenusedtothinkaboutmakingmusicmymajor（專業）.”shesaid.Shealsoplayedsoccer,andwonascholarshipinsportsfromHarvard.Asafemalescientist,Bertozzitriestoencouragefemalestudents.“Inthelate1980s,maybe10percentofthestudentswerefemale,”shesaid.“Thereweremaybeoneortwowomeninalab,sowetriedtosupporteachotherbystartingamonthlyget-togetherforallthewomenstudentsaroundme.”In2022,Bertozziwonanawardforthis.Herexperiencemadeherlearnaveryimportantlesson:Youdon’tneedtoknowhowtosucceedquickly.Allyouneedtodoistodosomeworkeverydayandsolveproblemsstepbystep.Thewaytosuccessmayfinallyappear.1.WhydidBertozziwinthisyear’sNobelPrize?A.Becauseshewasveryinterestedinchemistry.B.BecausesheistheeighthfemaleprofessoratStanfordUniversity.C.Becauseshefoundawaytoconnectcellsandmakethemclearertosee.D.Becauseshefoundanewtypeofcellswithagreencolor.2.HowmightBertozzidescribeherchemistryclassinhersecondyearatHarvardUniversity?A.Uselessanddifficult. B.Boringandsimple.C.Difficultandboring. D.Interestingandnottoohard.3.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph5?A.Bertozzioncewrotesongsforarockband.B.Bertozzioncestudiedmusicatheruniversity.C.Bertozzilivedacolorfullifeexceptfordoingresearch.D.Bertozziwonascholarshipbecauseofhertalentinchemistry.4.HowdidBertozziencouragefemalestudentsinthe1980s?A.Shesetanawardforwomeninscience.B.Sheincreasedthenumberoffemalestudentsby10percent.C.Shehelpedstartamonthlyget-togetherforwomentosupporteachother.D.Shebuiltanewlabforgirlstodoresearch.5.WhatdowelearnfromBertozzi?A.Weshouldlearnmusicinourlife. B.Weshouldwinprizesasmuchaspossible.C.Weshouldfindthewaystosuccessquickly. D.Weshouldbepatientandworkhardtosucceed.【答案】1.C

2.D

3.C

4.C

5.D【解析】這篇文章介紹了諾貝爾科學獎獲得者，女化學家Bertozzi和她的豐富多彩的生活。她告訴我們，我們應該有耐心，努力工作才能成功。1.細節理解題。根據第三段中句子“Bertozziwontheprizeforstudyingthesugarcoatsofcells（細胞）.Shehasfoundasmartwaytoconnectcellsbyconnectingtheirsugarcoats.Thecellsthenhaveagreencolorsothatscientistscanseeclearlywheretheyareandhowtheymove.”可知，Bertozzi獲得了今年的諾貝爾獎是因為她找到了一種連接細胞的方法，使細胞看得更清楚。故選C。2.推理判斷題。根據第四段句子“Despitehergreatachievements,BertozzisaidshewasnotveryinterestedinchemistryuntilhersecondyearatHarvardUniversity.‘Theprofessorsmadetheclassverydifficult.’shetoldChemistryWorldmagazine.”可以推斷，Bertozzi認為她在哈佛大學二年級的化學課有趣并且不難。故選D。3.段落大意題。根據第五段句子“Exceptfordoingsciencestudies,Bertozzihaslivedacolorfullife.”可知Bertozzi除了做研究外，她的生活豐富多彩。故選C。4.細節理解題。根據第六段句子“‘Inthelate1980s,maybe10percentofthestudentswerefemale,’shesaid.‘Thereweremaybeoneortwowomeninalab,sowetriedtosupporteachotherbystartingamonthlyget-togetherforallthewomenstudentsaroundme.’”可知，Bertozzi在20世紀80年代，她幫助組織了一個每月一次的婦女聚會，來鼓勵女學生。故選C。5.推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Herexperiencemadeherlearnaveryimportantlesson:Youdon’tneedtoknowhowtosucceedquickly.Allyouneedtodoistodosomeworkeverydayandsolveproblemsstepbystep.Thewaytosuccessmayfinallyappear.”可知，我們從Bertozzi身上學到，我們應該有耐心,努力工作才能成功。故選D。2Whatwillyoubedoingwhenyouare26yearsold?Studyingatuniversityorworkingforaliving?TakealookatwhatAlbertEinsteinwasdoingattheageof26.100yearsago,EinsteinwasworkinginSwitzerland.Hishobbywasphysics.Withoutmuchmoneyorhelp,hewrotefivepapers(論文)foraphysicsmagazine.Threeofthesegreatlychangedthestudyofphysicsandourunderstandingofspace,time,lightandmatter(物質).HismostfamousworkisontheTheoryofRelativity(相對論).EinsteinwasgiventheNobelPrize(諾貝爾獎)forhisdiscoveries.Althoughhedidmanyotherthingslater,theyears1905hasbeencalledEinstein’s“YearofWonders(奇跡)”.Ithasbeenmorethan110yearssincethen.Becauseofthis,theUNhasnamed2005theWorldYearofPhysics.FiftyyearsafterEinstein’sdeath,aquestionisasked,“WillthereeverbeanotherEinstein?”Itmaytakealongtime.Afterall,Einsteinwasbornmorethan200yearsafterSirIsaacNewton,anothergreatscientist.Besides,physicsisadifferentfield(領域)now,andeducationisdifferent,too.Evenifyoucan’tbethenextgreatscientist,itisstillhelpfultoremembersomeofthethingsthatmadeEinsteingreat.Hethoughtindependently(獨立地)andreadwidely.Heleftuswithaformula(公式)forlife:IfAisasuccessinlife,thenA=X+Y+Z.Xiswork;Yisplay;andZiskeepingyourmouthshut.6.Theyear1905isknownasEinstein’s“YearofWonders”because________.A.EinsteinwasworkinginSwitzerlandin1905B.Einsteinwas26yearsoldin1905C.Einsteinmadesomeveryimportantdiscoveriesin1905D.Einsteinstudiedphysicsin19057.Whyhasn’ttherebeenanotherscientistasgreatasEinstein?A.Becausethestudyofphysicsisnotenough.B.BecauseitishardtomakeimportantdiscoveriesasEinsteindid.C.Becausepeopledon’tworkhardanymore.D.Becausephysicsisgettingmoreandmoredifficult.8.TheUNhasnamed2005theWorldYearofPhysicsbecause________.A.Einsteinis100yearsoldthisyearB.Einsteinhasbeendeadfor50yearsC.therehavebeenothergreatdiscoveriesafterEinstein’sdeathD.itisthe100thyearsinceEinstein’s“YearofWonders”9.WhatdoesEinstein’sformulaofsuccessmean?A.Successmeansyearsofhardwork.B.Successmeansallstudyandnoplay.C.Successmeansworkinghard,relaxingandnottalkingtoomuch.D.Successisasecretthatnobodyknows.【答案】6.C

7.B

8.D

9.C【解析】本文主要講了愛因斯坦，描述了他對我們的貢獻，以及他的輝煌成就。6.細節理解題。根據“EinsteinwasgiventheNobelPrize(諾貝爾獎)for11isdiscoveries.Althoughhedidmanyotherthingslater,theyears1905hasbeencalledEinstein’s“YearofWonders(奇跡)”.”可知，1905年被稱為愛因斯坦的“奇跡年”，因為愛因斯坦在1905年做出了一些非常重要的發現。故選C。7.細節理解題。根據“Itmaytakealongtime.Afterall,Einsteinwasbornmorethan200yearsafterSirIsaacNewton,anothergreatscientist.”可知，沒有像愛因斯坦那樣偉大的科學家是因為很難有人能像愛因斯坦那樣做出重大發現。故選B。8.細節理解題。根據“theyears1905hasbeencalledEinstein’s‘YearofWonders’”可知，2005年距離愛因斯斯坦的“奇跡年”整整100年。因此，聯合國將2005年定為世界物理年。故選D。9.細節理解題。根據“Heleftuswithaformula(公式)forlife:IfAisasuccessinlife,thenA=X+Y+Z.Xiswork;Yisplay;andZiskeepingyourmouthshut.”可知，成功意味著努力工作，放松，不要說太多。故選C。3①MarieCurieisafamousscientistwhoismostfamousfordiscoveringtwonewradioactiveelements(放射性元素).DuringtheFirstWorldWar,MarieCurieinventedagreatmachinewhichhavehelpedoveronemillionsoldiers.②MarieCuriewasborninPolandonthe7thNovember1867.Marie’sparentswerebothteachersandherfatherwouldoftenteachherscienceathome.Whenshegrewolder,Mariewantedtogotouniversityandlearnallaboutphysics.Unluckily,atthetimewomenwerenotallowedtostudyinPoland.ThismeantthatMariehadtomovetoFrancewhereshewasallowedtogotouniversity.③Aftershehadlearntallaboutphysicsatuniversity,Marieworkedinalabwithherhusband,PierreCurie.Duringthistime,Mariemadegreatprogressanddiscoveredtwonewradioactiveelementswhichhadneverbeenseenbefore.Becauseofheramazingdiscoveriesandworkinscience,MarieCuriebecamethefirstwomanevertowinaNobelPrize.Afewyearslater,MariewentontowinasecondNobelPrizewhichmadeherthefirstpersonevertowintwoNobelPrizes!④WhentheFirstWorldWarstarted,MarieCurieknewshehadtodosomethingtohelp.Mariehadrealizedthatwoundedsoldiersrecoveredbetteriftheyweretreatedquickly.Puttingherknowledgeandunderstandingofradiationtogooduse,Mariedecidedtoinventamachinewhichcouldhelpsoldiersclosetothefront.⑤Althoughshewasbornover150yearsago,Marie’sworkisstillwellknown.Amazingly,sometreatmentsbeingusedinhospitalstodaystartedoutasinventionsinherlab.ManyplacesevenuseMarie’snameasrecognitionofthegreatworkshecarriedout.10.MarieCuriewasthefirstwomanwhocan________.A.goabroad B.buildasciencelabC.studyphysics D.winaNobelPrize11.What’sthecorrectorderofMarieCurie’slife?a.MariewasborninPoland.b.Mariewenttolearnphysics.e.Marieworkedinthewar.d.MariefoundnewelementsA.a-d-b-e B.a-b-d-c C.b-a-c-d D.b-c-a-d12.Thebesttitleforthepassagecanprobablybe________.A.AchievementsinMarie’sLifeB.TwoDiscoveriesinMarie’sLifeC.Marie’sEducationExperiencesD.Marie’sLong-lastingInfluence13.What’sthestructureofthepassage?A. B. C. D.【答案】10.D

11.B

12.D

13.B【解析】本文主要向我們介紹瑪麗·居里傳奇的一生，她熱愛科學研究，并且深具真正的品格和精神。10.細節理解題。根據“MarieCuriebecamethefirstwomanevertowinaNobelPrize”可知，瑪麗·居里成為有史以來第一位獲得諾貝爾獎的女性，故選D。11.細節理解題。根據“MarieCuriewasborninPolandonthe7thNovember1867”可知，出生在波蘭，所以a排在第一位，排除C和D。根據“Aftershehadlearntallaboutphysicsatuniversity”可知，她去學習物理，所以b排在第二位，排除A，故選B。12.最佳標題題。通讀全文可知，本文主要向我們介紹瑪麗·居里傳奇的一生，所以D選項“Marie’sLong-lastingInfluence”符合本文標題，故選D。13.篇章結構題。通讀全文可知，第一段引出本文主題；第二段到第四段是介紹她的一生經歷；最后一段是對她的評價，故選B。4ANobelPrizeisconsideredbymostpeopleasoneofthehighestinternationalhonoursapersoncanreceive.Asyouknow,theprizeswerestartedbyaSwedishcalledAlfredNobel.HewasborninStockholm,thecapitalofSweden.AlfredNobelwasagreatscientist.Hemadetwoimportantinventions,andsohebecameveryrich.Althoughhewasrich,Nobelwasnothappy.Henevermarriedorhadchildren.Also,hewasasickmanduringhislargepartoflife.Whenhediedattheageof63,heleftafundof$9,000,000.Themoneywastobeusedingivingprizestothosewhomadegreatachievementsinphysics,chemistry,medicine,literatureandworldpeace.ThefirstNobelPrizewasgivenonDecember10,1901,fiveyearsafterNobel’sdeath.SincethenmanyfamouspeoplefromallovertheworldhavebeengivenNobelPrizesfortheirachievements.Eachprizehasthreeparts.Thefirstpartisagoldmedal.Second,awinnerofaNobelPrizeisgivenacertificate,sayingthathehasbeengiventheprize.Thethirdpartoftheprizeisalargeamountofmoney—about$40,000.Oftenaprizeisgiventojustoneperson,butnotalways.Sometimesaprizeisshared.Itmaybegiventotwoormorepeoplewhohaveworkedtogether.Itisalsosometimestruethataprizeisnotgivenatallifthereisnogreatachievement.In1972,forexample,noNobelPeacePrizewasgiven.14.WhatkindofpersonwouldyousayAlfredNobelwas?A.Hewasarich,happyandluckyman. B.Hewasapoor,unhappyandunluckyman.C.Hewasarich,butunhappyandunluckyman. D.Hewasapoor,buthappyandluckyman.15.Whenhedied,Nobelleftalargeamountofmoney________.A.tohiswife B.tohischildrenC.forhelpingthepoorpeopleinSweden D.forsettingfiveprizes16.Theunderlinedword“certificate”inthepassagemostprobablymeans________.A.證書 B.書信 C.票 D.卡片17.HowmanypersonsisaNoblePrizegivento?A.Notalwaysoneperson. B.Twopersons.C.Onlyoneperson. D.Threepersons.18.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.ThefirstNobelPrizewasgivenatonceafterNobeldied.B.Nobeldiedin1896.C.Thethirdpartofeachprizeisagoldmedal.D.TheNobelPrizeisalwaysgiven.【答案】14.C

15.D

16.A

17.A

18.B【解析】本文主要講述了諾貝爾的生平及用其死后留下的財產設立的五個世界級的獎項。14.細節理解題。根據“AlfredNobelwasagreatscientist.Hemadetwoimportantinventions,andsohebecameveryrich.Althoughhewasrich,Nobelwasnothappy”可知，諾貝爾是富有，但不開心和不幸運的人。故選C。15.細節理解題。根據“Themoneywastobeusedingivingprizestothosewhomadegreatachievementsinphysics,chemistry,medicine,literatureandworldpeace.”可知，設置了5個獎項，故選D。16.詞義猜測題。根據“Second,awinnerofaNobelPrizeisgivenacertificate,sayingthathehasbeengiventheprize.”可知，諾貝爾獎的獲得者會得到一張證書，表明他已經獲得了諾貝爾獎，所以劃線部分表示“證書”，故選A。17.細節理解題。根據“Oftenaprizeisgiventojustoneperson,butnotalways.”可知，獎項通常只頒發給一個人，但也不總是這樣，故選A。18.推理判斷題。根據“ThefirstNobelPrizewasgivenonDecember10,1901,fiveyearsafterNobel’sdeath.”可推斷，他是在(1901-5=)1896年去世的，故選B。5TheNoblePrizemaybethebestprizeintheworldonecanget.Thereareprizesforoutstanding(杰出的)peopleindifferentcategories:Chemistry,Physics,Physiology/Medicine,Literature,PeaceandEconomicSciences.ThewinnersareannouncedinOctober.Let’shavealookatthewinnerinLiterature(文學).Inthepasttwoyearswe’veseentheNobelPrizeforLiteraturegotoBelarusian(白俄羅斯的)reporterSvetlanaAlexievichandUSmusicianBobDylan.Thisyeartheprizereturnedtoamoretraditionalliterarywriter—theJapanese-bornEnglishwriterKazuoIshiguro.Accordingtothecommittee,Ishiguro’snovelshave“greatemotionalforce”anduncoverpeople’sconnectionwiththeworld.Ishigurohasbeenafull-timeauthoreversincehisfirstbook,APaleViewofHills,publishedin1982.InthebookIshigurotellsastoryofamiddle-agedJapanesewomanlivingaloneinEngland.Itmaybecommonforanimmigrant(移民的)authortowriteaboutthelivesofpeoplefromhisorhermothercountry.ButIshigurodoesn’tstopthere.Hewritesaboutdifferenttopicsandsetsstoriesindifferentplaces.ThestoryofWhenWeWereOrphanshappensinShanghai.InTheRemainsoftheDay,anEnglishbutler(管家)recallshisdaysduringWorldWarII.InNeverLetMeGo,Ishiguroevenwritesastoryofclones(克隆人).IshigurotoldTheGuardianthathewantsto“remindusofhowinternationaltheworldis”.19.ThispassageisabouttheNobelPrizewinnerin________.A.Chemistry B.Physics C.Literature D.Peace20.Wemayinfer(推斷)thatusually________wintheNobelPrizeforLiterature.A.reporters B.writers C.musicians D.directors21.WhichisnottrueaboutKazuoIshiguro?A.HeusesEnglishtowritehisworks.B.HewasborninJapan.C.Hedoesn’thaveotherjobsD.HemainlywritesaboutthelivesofJapanesepeople.22.HowmanyworksofKazuoIshiguroarementioned?A.3 B.4 C.5 D.623.AllthefollowingmakeKazuoIshiguro’sworksoutstandingexcept________.A.heevenwritesaboutclonesB.heshowsgreatemotionalforceC.heuncoverspeople’sconnectionwiththeworldD.heremindsusofhowinternationaltheworldis【答案】19.C

20.B

21.D

22.B

23.A【解析】本文主要講述了獲得諾貝爾文學獎的作家KazuoIshiguro的一些作品。19.主旨大意題。根據“Let’shavealookatthewinnerinLiterature”可知本文主要是有關諾貝爾文學家獲得者的。故選C。20.推理判斷題。根據“Thisyeartheprizereturnedtoamoretraditionalliterarywriter—theJapanese-bornEnglishwriterKazuoIshiguro.”可知今年，該獎項重新授予了一位更為傳統的文學作家——日裔英國作家KazuoIshiguro，由此可知通常作家會獲得諾貝爾文學獎。故選B。21.細節理解題。根據“Hewritesaboutdifferenttopicsandsetsstoriesindifferentplaces.”可知他寫不同的主題，并在不同的地方設置故事，選項D表述錯誤。故選D。22.細節理解題。根據“eversincehisfirstbook,APaleViewofHills,publishedin1982”以及“ThestoryofWhenWeWereOrphanshappensinShanghai.InTheRemainsoftheDay,anEnglishbutler(管家)recallshisdaysduringWorldWarII.InNeverLetMeGo.Ishiguroevenwritesastoryofclones”可知文章提到了《山丘的蒼白景象》、《當我們是孤兒》、《日之殘跡》以及《別讓我走》四部作品。故選B。23.推理判斷題。根據“Accordingtothecommittee,Ishiguro’snovelshave‘greatemotionalforce’anduncoverpeople’sconnectionwiththeworld”以及“hewantsto‘remindusofhowinternationaltheworldis’”可知他的小說具有“巨大的情感力量”，揭示了人們與世界的聯系，并且他想提醒我們世界是多么的多元化，由此可知，他的作品如此成功的原因不包括選項A。故選A。6Forthepast20years,theTouchingChinaannualpeopleawardhashonoredpeoplefromallwalksoflifeacrossthecountry.Theyarepeoplewhowarmourheartswiththeiractions.OnMarch32022,the2021TouchingChinaAwardceremonyairedonCCTV.Teninspirationalrolemodelswereonthelist,YangZhenningisoneofthem.Whenmentioningthegreatesttheoreticalphysicistsintheworld,YangZhenningisanamenevertobeforgotten.YangwasbornonSeptember22,1922,inHefeiAnhui,China,andgrewupinthepeacefulandacademicalatmosphereofthecampusofTsinghuaUniversity.Fromayoungagehehadaninterestinphysics.Attheageof12,YangshowedhisgreatambitiontowinaNobelPrizeafterbeingattractedbyabookabouttheunknownsoftheuniverse.Withthisgoalinmind,Yangstudiedhard.Aftergettingamaster’sdegreeinTsinghuaUniversityin1944,YanggottheopportunitytofurtherhisstudiesintheUnitedStates.TherehemetanotherChinesestudent,Tsung-daoLee(李政道),whosharedthesameinterests,andtheyoftendiscussedthephysicsissuestogether.In1957,thetwojointlyproposedthetheoryofparitynon-conservationinweakinteractions(弱相互作用中宇稱不守恒),whichmadeagreatcontributiontohigh-energyphysics.Oncethetheorywasputforward,itimmediatelycausedasensation(轟動)inthephysicscommunity.Monthslater,thetwowontheNobelPrizeinPhysics.ItletotherChinesepeopleknowthatChinesescientistscouldstandoutintheglobalsciencecommunityandbeontheglobalfrontier(前沿)tocompetewiththeirpeers.AttheNobelBanquet,Yangalsoexpressedhispride,saying,“IamasproudofmyChineseheritageandbackgroundasIamdevotedtomodernscience,apartofhumancivilizationofWesternorigin.”Nomatterwherehehasbeen,YangZhenninghasalwayshadhismotherlandinmind.However,thefrozenSino-USrelationshippreventedChinesescientistswhoobtained(獲得)doctoraldegreesfromtheUSlikeYangfromreturningtoChina.In1971,YangfinallygotthechancetoreturntoChinaforavisit.Later,tosupportdomesticeducation,YangsoldamansionintheUS,donatingallthemoneytoTsinghuaUniversity.In2003,YangreturnedtoChinaandalsotaughtatTsinghua.Underhisinfluence,manyoverseasChinesealsoreturnedtoChinatomakecontributions,suchasTuringAwardwinnerYaoQizhi,physicistWuXiaogang,mathematicianZhangShouwu.24.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiswrong?A.YangZhenningknewTsung-daoLeeinTsinghuaUniversityandgottheNobelPrizetogether.B.YangZhenningtakesprideinowningChinesebackground.C.YangZhenningcouldn’treturnhismotherlandbecauseoftheSino-USrelationship.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?A.站出來 B.表現 C.站起來26.What’sthebesttitleforthisarticle?A.YangZhenning’slovetohiscountry.B.YangZhenning’sinfluence.C.YangZhenning-oneofthe2021TouchingChinaannualpeople.27.Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?(P1=Paragraph1)A. B. C.【答案】24.A

25.A

26.C

27.C【解析】本文主要介紹了2022年3月3號公布的2021年感動中國十大人物之一：楊振寧。24.細節理解題。根據“YanggottheopportunitytofurtherhisstudiesintheUnitedStates.TherehemetanotherChinesestudent,Tsung-daoLee(李政道),whosharedthesameinterests,andtheyoftendiscussedthephysicsissuestogether.”可知，楊振寧是在美國遇見了李政道，不是在清華大學。故選A。25.詞句猜測題。根據“ItletotherChinesepeopleknowthatChinesescientistscouldstandoutintheglobalsciencecommunityandbeontheglobalfrontier(前沿)tocompetewiththeirpeers.”可知，中國科學家可以在全球科學界脫穎而出，站在全球前沿與同行競爭。此處standout與選項A意思相近，故選A。26.主旨大意題。根據全文可知，本文主要介紹了2022年3月3號公布的2021年感動中國十大人物之一：楊振寧。故選C。27.篇章結構題。根據第一段可知，主要引出2022年3月3號公布的2021年感動中國十大人物之一：楊振寧，也就是即將要介紹的主人公；第二至五段介紹了楊振寧的個人經歷和獲得諾貝爾物理學獎的過程；最后一段介紹了楊振寧對于中國海外學生的影響，故選C。7MenwontheNobelPrizesinsciencemostofthetimeinthepast.Butthisyear,womenbecamethemaincharacters!JenniferDoudnafromtheUSandEmmanuelleChapentierfromFrancesharedtheNobelPrizeinChemistry.It’sthefirsttimeinhistoryfortwowomentowintheprizewithouthavingtoshareitwithaman.Atthesametime,USastronomerAndreaGhezbecamethefourthwomantowinaNobelPrizeinPhysics,whichshesharedwithtwootherscientists.ItsfirstfemalewinnerwasMarieCuriein1903.DoudnaandCharpentiergottheprizebecausetheydevelopedCRISPR/Cas9geneticscissors,atechnologythatcanrewriteDNAinthecellsofplants,animalsandmicro-organisms.Ithashada“greateffectonthelifesciences”,accordingtotheRoyalSwedishAcademyofSciences.Forexample,itcanhelpusdevelopcropsthatcanfightagainstsomenaturaldisasters.Itcouldalsohelptreatsomeseriousdiseasesinthefuture.OnhearingthattheywerethesixthandseventhwomentowintheChemistryPrize,Charpentiersaidthatshehopesgirlsandyoungfemalescientistswillunderstandthat“nothingisimpossibleandwomencanfindgreatdiscoveriesjustasmendo”.Ghez,whowasawardedforherresearchonblackhole,hadthesamefeeling.“I’mhappytobepartofthechangewheremorewomensucceed.Ithinkthat’sanimportantwayinwhichweencouragetheothergirlsandwomenscientists,”Ghezsaid.Inadditiontoherresearch,shewasalsooneoftheauthorsofthe2006children’sbookYouCanBeaWomenAstronomer.28.WhatdoesParagraph3focuson?A.Howtheydidtheirresearch.B.Whytheyweregiventheprize.C.Whattheyfoundintheirresearch.D.Howwinningtheprizehasmadeadifferenceintheirlives.29.WhatdoesGhezthinkaboutwinningaNobelPrize?A.Itwillchangeherlifeinabigway.B.Itprovesthatnothingisimpossible.C.Itshowsthatwomenaremoresuccessfulthanmen.D.Itcanencouragetheothergirlsandwomenscientists.30.Whatdoweknowfromthestory?A.ThereweresevenfemaleNobelPrizewinnersintotal.B.GhezsharedtheNobelPrizeinPhysicswithatleastoneman.C.Morewomenareworkingaschemiststhanastronomers.D.Ghezwillwriteachildren’sbookaboutwinningtheprize.【答案】28.B

29.D

30.B【解析】本文向讀者介紹了今年，女性成了諾貝爾獎項的主角，旨在鼓勵更多的女性獲得諾貝爾獎項。28.段落大意題。根據“DoudnaandCharpentiergottheprizebecausetheydevelopedCRISPR/Cas9geneticscissors,atechnologythatcanrewriteDNAinthecellsofplants,animalsandmicro-organisms.”可知，本段主要介紹Doudna和Charpentier因為什么而獲獎。故選B。29.細節理解題。根據“I’mhappytobepartofthechangewheremorewomensucceed.Ithinkthat’sanimportantwayinwhichweencouragetheothergirlsandwomenscientists”可知，Ghez認為獲得諾貝爾獎是鼓勵其他女孩和女科學家的重要方式。故選D。30.推理判斷題。根據“Atthesametime,USastronomerAndreaGhezbecamethefourthwomantowinaNobelPrizeinPhysics,whichshesharedwithtwootherscientists.”可知，Ghez至少和一個人分享諾貝爾物理學獎。故選B。8Inthe1960s,SyukuroManabestartedtostudyhowcarbondioxide(CO2二氧化碳)couldmakeEarthwarmer.Hediditoutofcuriosity(好奇心).OnOct.5,Manabegotthe2021NoblePrizeforhiswork.Curiosityhasdrivenscientiststomakenewfindings.Whatkindsofcuriosityledtothisyear’sNobelPrizeinscience?Takealook!NobelPrizeinphysicsThreescientistswonthisprizetogether.Japan-bornSyukuroManabeworksatPrincetonUniversity,US.Hemadeacomputermodel.ItshowedpeoplethatdoublingCO2wouldincreaseEarth’stemperaturebymorethan2degrees.Itwasthefirstmodeltostudyclimate.Hisworkgreatlyhelpedscientistsstudyclimatelater.TheothertwowinnersareGermanscientistKlausHasselmannandItalianscientistGiorgioParisi.NobelPrizeinphysiologyormedicine

Whycanwefeelcold,painortouch?AmericanscientistDavidJuliusandLebanon-bornArdemPatapoutianansweredthisquestion.Theyfoundsomespecialnervecells(神經細胞).Thesecellssendamessagetoourbrainswhenweeathotfoodorhugsomeone.Theirfindingscanhelptreatmanydisease.Forexample,somechildrencan’tseetheirhands.Theyneedtoseewheretheirfingersarewhentheypickupsomething.Thisfindingscouldhelpdevelopdrugs(藥物)forthis.Itmayalsohelpmakehuman-likerobotsinthefuture!NobelPrizeinchemistryMakingnewmaterialsordrugsisnoteasy.Youoftenneedtobuildnewmolecules(分子).Atoms(原子)needtobeputtogetherthroughmanychemicalreactions(化學反應).Itisoftenslow.BenjaminListfromGermanyandScotland-bornDavidMacMillanfoundawaytomakechemicalreactionsfaster,easierandgreener.Eachofthemfoundacatalysttodothis.Theirworkhasgreatlyfastertheworld’sdrugdevelopment.31.Whatcanwelearnaboutthisyear’sNobelPrizeinphysics?A.Itcelebratesthestudyofscientist’scuriosity.B.Oneofthewinnersstudiedclimatechangewithacomputermodel.C.Itshowsthatcomputerskillsarenotimportantinscience.D.ThreeGermanscientistssharedtheprize.32.AccordingtoJuliusandPatapoutian,wecanfeelcoldorpainbecause________.A.somespecialnervecellssendmessagestoourbrainsB.ourbrainscanmakespecialnervecellsC.wecanfeelourownfingersD.therearechemical