實用文檔I目錄第一部分定義與說明11．拔河運動12．分類13．重量級別14．稱重和打印記25．年齡規定26．隊伍和替補運動員27．教練員和訓練員48．運動裝備49．拔河繩的規格610．拔河道及標記規定7第二部分拔河技術規則711．握繩712．拔河姿勢813．錨人姿勢8第三部分犯規814．比賽中犯規815．取消資格1016．有意違反規則10第四部分比賽的場次和計分1017．場次、局和休息時間1018．擲幣1019．勝一局比賽1120．得分1121．比賽中止11第五部分裁判1222．主裁的權力和職責1223．副裁的職責1324．稱重員13第六部分手勢與口令1325．比賽開始的程序1326．比賽結束1427．拔河比賽的口令及手勢1428．犯規的口令及手勢15第七部分競賽組織工作1629．總則1630．參賽的最少隊伍數1631．一組比賽1632．一組以上的比賽1633．預賽排名規定1734．抽簽的監督1835．申訴18第一部分定義與說明1．拔河運動拔河運動是一項團隊項目。拔河競賽是比賽雙方以繩子為主要器械,憑借身體素質和心理素質以及技、戰術等將對方拉至相應標記線的對抗性比賽。本規則以國際拔河聯合會(簡稱TWIF)競賽規則為基礎,參考我國2003年《拔河競賽規則》制定。2．分類在國際拔河比賽中，認可的分類如下：2.1室外和室內2.2男子、女子、混合4×4(4男和4女)2.3成年、U23歲和青少年3．重量級別在國際比賽中，可以選擇采納以下重量級別：WEIGHTLSSESInallnteratioalcpetitinstefoloingteameihtswllappl:WrdW)Euroen(E)Inoor(I.)Oudoor(O.)UtraFeatereihtnoteceeding 480KiosJniorWen(I..)W.Featereiht noteceeding500KiosU23Wen(I.O.)WLihteiht noteceeding500KiosSniorWen(I..)W.LihtHeayeiht noteceeding520KiosSnioromn(O.)EHeayeiht noteceeding540KiosSniorWen(I..)W.Heayeiht noteceeding560KiosSniorWen(O.)ELihteiht noteceeding560KiosJuniorMen(.O.)WLihteiht noteceeding560KiosSniormen(I.)W.(O.)E.Lihteiht noteceeding580KiosSniorMen(O.)W.Lihtiddleeiht noteceeding600KiosU23Men(I.)W.Lihtiddleeihtnoteceeding600KiosSniorMen(I.)Widdleeiht noteceeding 640KiosSniorMen(I.O.)EW.Cuisereiht noteceeding 680KiosSniorMen(I.)W.(O.)EHeayeiht noteceeding 700KiosSniorMen(O.)W.Heayeiht noteceeding 720KiosSniorMen(O.)E.Catcheiht noeihtlmitationsied(4x4) noteceeding600KiosSniorMed(I.O.)W4．稱重和打印記稱重和打印記應該在比賽開始至少1個小時以前完成，具體稱重時間由組委會確定。體重超出了重量限制的隊伍允許再1次稱重。5．年齡規定5.1青少年組參加青少年組比賽的運動員應該在比賽當年年初年齡已滿15周歲、在比賽當年年底年齡不超過18周歲。5.2U23歲組參加U23歲組比賽的運動員應該在比賽當年年初年齡已滿18周歲、在比賽當年年底年齡不超過22周歲。5.3成年組參加成年組比賽的運動員應該在比賽當年年初年齡已滿18周歲。6．隊伍和替補運動員6.1每隊運動員人數每隊由1名領隊、1名教練員、1名訓練員、8名上場運動員、若干名替補隊員組成（替補隊員人數具體由組委會規定）。其中上場運動員最多8人，最少7人。6.2國家隊運動員國家隊運動員必須擁有該隊所代表的國家的國籍。國籍證明材料為護照，比賽所在地的國家隊的國籍以身份證為準。國家隊運動員包括運動員、教練員和訓練員。6.3替換條件在一場比賽中，替補運動員可以替換場上任何一名運動員，替換只能進行一次。替換可以用于戰術目的或運動員受傷。替換只允許在隊伍稱重并完成首局比賽后進行。被替換下的運動員不得參加該級別的后續任何比賽。替補運動員必須是各參賽單位報名運動員。6.4替換程序被替換的運動員和替補運動員必須著正式比賽服（包括上衣、短褲、運動襪和運動鞋）后，一起向主裁或其指定的負責替換的官員報告。在賽場合適位置的硬地面上將準備一臺單人秤，以稱出兩個運動員的體重差別。替補運動員的體重必須等于或者小于被替換的運動員的體重，即使該隊原總體重小于該級別的規定。替換以后，主裁或者其指定的官員應去掉被替換的運動員身上的印記，在替補運動員的身上打上相同的印記。主裁或者其指定的官員應在稱重表上記錄替換行為。6.5上場運動員的最少人數由于不得進行第二次替換行為，所以如果發生了第二次受傷，允許該隊以7名運動員繼續比賽。但如果比賽隊運動員少于7人則不得繼續參加比賽。7．教練員和訓練員每支隊伍都允許有1名教練員指揮比賽。每支隊伍也允許有1名訓練員，訓練員的職責是在賽前和賽后照顧好隊伍，在比賽過程中訓練員不得與隊伍說話，且必須在當值裁判員指定的位置上。8．運動裝備8.1比賽服8.1.1運動員的服裝規定參賽運動員應著合適的運動服包括短褲、運動衣、運動長襪或短襪。每支隊伍的運動員服裝應該是統一的。8.1.2教練員和訓練員的服裝規定教練員和訓練員既可以與運動員著裝一致，也可以著與運動員服裝顏色相符的運動套服。8.1.3頭飾規定運動員、教練員和訓練員允許著的頭飾包括帽子、面罩或頭巾。頭飾顏色應與服裝一致，每支隊伍的全體運動員、教練員、訓練員頭飾應統一。特許：如有因宗教或文化需要而著的頭飾比如穆斯林頭巾或其他這樣的頭飾是許可的。這將根據具體情況決定。8.1.4保護服規定經過裁判的許可，保護皮膚的服裝須穿著在比賽服里面，只有保護腰帶可以穿在比賽服外面。錨人的保護服不得超過5厘米厚，自始至終需要穿著在比賽服里面并處于繩子和身體之間。任何保護裝備上都不允許有溝、槽或其他有利于鎖繩的裝置。8.2樹脂（或鎂粉）規定為了便于抓繩，允許使用樹脂（或鎂粉）但僅限于手部。在室內比賽過程中，只有獲得在體育館的許可后方能使用，但即使獲得了使用許可，也只能在裁判的指導下使用。8.3稱重著裝規定男子隊稱重時可只穿合適尺寸的不透明短褲。女子隊稱重時可只穿合適尺寸的不透明短褲和上衣。稱重時不需要穿鞋。8.4鞋8.4.1室外比賽用鞋鞋底、鞋跟以及鞋跟的側面應該完全是平齊的。鞋尖和前腳掌不允許使用金屬材料。鞋底和鞋跟不允許有突起。鞋扣（帶）上不得有任何可能導致傷害的突出硬物。金屬鞋跟不得超過65毫米厚，與鞋跟的底和側面分別平齊。鞋跟的長度應該不超過鞋底全長的1/3，不少于鞋底全長的1/4。鞋跟的厚度即從鞋底到地面不得少于6.5毫米、不得超過25毫米（包括金屬底）。8.4.2室內比賽用鞋用于室內比賽的鞋必須是運動鞋廠生產的原裝鞋，鞋底應是合適的，不得寬于或者長于鞋的上部。鞋底應使用橡膠類的可以增加摩擦力但不會損壞拔河道或地板的材料。鞋底的長度和寬度不得超過該運動員的光腳的尺寸的20%。9．拔河繩的規格9.1拔河繩的尺寸繩子的周長必須在100毫米和125毫米之間，上面不得有結節或者抓手。繩子的末端應該是鞭狀的，長度不少于33.5米。9.2拔河繩的標記規定拔河繩上粘貼的標記應是可調的，以便于裁判在比賽過程中當繩子發生伸縮時予以調整。9.2.1室外拔河比賽繩子的標記規定應按照如下規定做5個標記（1）繩子中心做一個標記（2）繩子中心兩側4米處各做一個標記（3）繩子中心兩側5米處各做一個標記（4）上述（1）（2）（3）的標記應分別使用三種不同的顏色9.2.2室內拔河比賽繩子的標記規定（1）繩子中心做一個標記（2）繩子中心兩側2.5米處各做一個標記（3）上述（1）和(2)處的標記應分別使用兩種不同的顏色10．拔河道及標記規定10.1室外拔河道及標記規定拔河道應是平整的草地，地面應標記一條中線。10.2室內拔河道及標記規定拔河道應經組委會認可，其表面由對普通的室內拔河鞋具有足夠摩擦力的材料制成。建議拔河道表面長度為36米、寬度在1-1.2米之間。應在拔河道表面做一條中線，在中線兩側4米處各做一條邊線。第二部分拔河技術規則11．握繩運動員不得握繩子兩個外側標記以內的位置。在比賽開始時，第一位運動員應該握繩子靠近外側標記的位置。不得在繩子上打結或者系圈，也不得將繩子系在運動員身體的任何部位上，將繩子交叉視為系圈。比賽開始時，應該將繩子拉緊，中心標記對準地面中線。12．拔河姿勢除了錨人，每個運動員都應該赤手自然握繩，掌心向上，繩子從身體和上臂之間穿過。錨人規定見第13條。其他任何妨礙繩子自由運動的握繩稱為鎖繩，為犯規行為。腳伸向膝蓋的前方，全隊應自始至終保持這一姿勢。13．錨人姿勢隊尾的運動員稱為錨人，錨人握繩的方法應該是將繩子沿著身體從后背自下而上斜穿到對面肩上，將剩下的繩子向后向外甩出，以使繩子的多余部分可以自由移動。錨人應該自然握住繩子固定的部分，雙手掌心向上，雙臂自然前伸。允許錨人將繩子置于保護腰帶下方，這不構成犯規。第三部分犯規14．比賽中犯規14.1一般性犯規（1）坐地犯規：故意坐地或者滑倒后不能立即恢復正常姿勢。（2）觸地犯規：除了腳以外身體其他部位接觸地面。（3）鎖繩犯規：任何阻止繩子自由移動的握繩。（4）握繩犯規：不符合規則第11、12、13條規定的握繩。（5）持繩犯規：繩子沒有從身體和上臂之間穿過的握繩。（6）姿勢犯規：坐在一只腳上或者一條腿上或者雙腳沒有能夠伸向膝蓋的前方。（7）爬繩犯規：雙手順著繩子交替向前移動。（8）劃船犯規：重復坐地同時雙腳向后移。（9）錨人犯規：不符合第13條規定的姿勢。（10）訓練員犯規：在本隊比賽過程中說話。（11）消極犯規：運動隊在比賽過程中未能積極做出應有的努力，長時間處于僵持狀態從而影響拔河運動的聲譽。比賽將就近選擇一條新的或者破損最輕的拔河道上重新開始。如果消極比賽持續了10分鐘以上，裁判長將示意主裁宣布“比賽中止”。14.2室外比賽犯規立足點犯規：在拉緊口令發出以前以任何方式在地上做準備。14.3室內比賽犯規出界犯規：在室內比賽過程中踩到拔河道以外。15．取消資格在一局比賽中，隊伍在被警告兩次后再次犯規將被取消資格。在所有犯規規定中，即使只有1名運動員犯規，也視為該隊犯規。16．有意違反規則不能遵守比賽規則可能導致本隊被驅逐出賽場。第四部分比賽的場次和計分17．場次、局和休息時間預賽采取循環賽，每組比賽由〔n×(n-1)÷2〕場比賽組成，其中n為該組參賽隊伍數。每場比賽由2局組成。每局比賽之間可以有合理的休息時間。兩場比賽之間，自前一場比賽的隊伍離開場地至后一場比賽的隊伍檢錄準備參賽的最長時間為6分鐘。18．擲幣比賽開始前挑邊通過擲幣決定。首局比賽結束后，兩個隊伍交換場地。如果需要進行第三局的比賽，則再次擲幣挑邊。19．勝一局比賽19.1獲勝隊伍在一局比賽中可以通過將繩子移動到標記的距離或者對方隊伍被裁判取消資格獲勝。19.2室外比賽獲勝當繩子一側的標記拉至地面的中線即判獲勝。19.3室內比賽獲勝當繩子中間的標記拉至地面的邊線即判獲勝。20．得分20.1積分賽如兩隊勝負為2∶0，則獲勝隊得3分，負隊得0分；如兩隊勝負為1∶1，則每隊得1分。20.2半決賽和決賽比賽采取三局兩勝制，如兩隊勝負為2∶0，則獲勝隊得3分，負隊得0分；如兩隊勝負為2∶1，則獲勝隊得2分，負隊得1分。21．比賽中止比賽過程中比賽中止包括以下幾種情況：（1）兩隊均被判兩次犯規以后，再次同時犯規；（2）兩隊消極比賽；（3）兩隊在本局比賽結束前松繩；（4）比賽因非犯規原因中斷。在上述（1）（2）（3）情況下比賽中止，則本局比賽將在沒有休息、幫助和服務的情況下立即重新開始。如果在（4）的情況下，比賽將在適當的休息后重新開始。第五部分裁判22．主裁的權力和職責主裁獨立處理比賽事宜，應保證做到：（1）嚴格遵守競賽規則。（2）在隊伍上拔河道以前將拔河繩按規則要求放好。（3）盡量使比賽按照預定的時間表進行。有權做到：（4）根據第17條規定執行休息時間。（5）宣布“比賽中止”。（6）警告后取消隊伍的參賽資格。（7）不必警告即可取消因言行不當而可能影響拔河運動聲譽的隊伍的參賽資格。比賽中裁判負責通過做出規定的手勢、說出隊伍的名稱以及“首次警告”或“最后警告”來作出警告判罰，裁判做出判罰時必須清楚而簡潔地使用恰當的手勢。任何時候裁判的判罰是終局的。23．副裁的職責副裁應該自始至終服從主裁的命令。在比賽過程中，副裁的位置應該在參賽隊伍的一側且位于主裁的對面。副裁應該觀察隊伍，通過手勢向主裁報告隊伍犯規情況，并指明犯規者。具體地：（1）賽前協助檢查場地器材，將拔河繩置于比賽區域。（2）檢查雙方上場隊員的印記。（3）檢查雙方上場隊員的服裝和鞋。（4）檢查雙方隊員握繩姿勢是否正確。24．稱重員（1）測量體重后，為被測量隊員蓋合格印記。（2）在稱重表上登記參賽隊伍總體重并簽字。第六部分手勢與口令25．比賽開始的程序當雙方教練員示意準備好了以后，裁判員將做出以下的口令和動作：（1）起繩雙方運動員按照規則第11、12、13的規定握繩，雙腳自然平放。（2）拉緊雙方運動員發出足夠的力量使繩子緊繃。室外比賽中，每名運動員可以用非支撐腳的鞋跟或者鞋的一側在地上踩出一個腳印。（3）預備裁判調整繩子到中間位置，直到繩子中心點穩定對準地面中線。（4）開始經過合理的短暫停頓后發出。26．比賽結束裁判將通過吹哨并指明獲勝方或在比賽中止時交叉雙臂來結束一場比賽。27．拔河比賽的口令及手勢口令手勢1）各隊準備好了嗎(Teamareyouready)用手臂示意各隊2）起繩(Pickuptherope)雙臂水平伸向身體前方3）拉緊(Takethestrain)雙臂上舉，掌心相對4）調整居中(Ropetocenter)指向一側示意移向中線5）預備(Steady)雙臂上舉，掌心向外6）開始(Pull)迅速將手下放至身體兩側7）指明勝隊(Indicatewinner)吹哨并指向獲勝隊8）交換場地(Changeends)吹哨并雙手在頭上交叉9）比賽中止(Nopull)吹哨并雙手在體前交叉10）警告(Caution)舉起犯規一側隊伍的手臂，并以一或二只手指指明第一次或第二次警告28．犯規的口令及手勢犯規手勢1）坐地犯規(Sitting)水平移動手臂2）觸地犯規(Leaning)除了腳以外身體其他部位接觸地面3）鎖繩犯規(Locking)用肘碰觸上提的大腿4）握繩犯規(Grip)雙手作握繩狀5）持繩犯規(Propping)雙手在體側做提拉動作6）姿勢犯規(Position)抬小腿作蹬伸動作7）爬繩犯規(Climbingtherope)雙手作爬繩動作8）劃船犯規(Rowing)用手臂和上半身作劃船動作9）錨人犯規(Anchorposition)用手觸碰后背10）訓練員犯規(Trainer)用手指碰觸嘴唇11）立足點犯規(Footholds)用腳跟踢地面12）出界犯規（Side-stepping）用一只腳踩向一側第七部分競賽組織工作29．總則比賽包括預賽、半決賽和決賽。預賽賽采取積分賽制，對于積分賽，只需要抽簽一次。抽簽應由組委會指定的代表在場。通過預賽將選拔4支隊伍參加半決賽和決賽。30．參賽的最少隊伍數比賽每個重量級別不少于4隊。31．一組比賽如一個重量級別不足12隊參賽，則所有參賽隊在一組參加預賽。（1）預賽積分前4名的隊伍進入半決賽。（2）預賽積分第3和4名的隊伍半決賽中的對手通過擲幣決定。（3）擲幣猜中者在半決賽中將與積分第2名的隊伍對決，沒有猜中者將與積分第1名的隊伍對決。32．一組以上的比賽12支（含）以上隊伍參加一個級別的比賽，小組賽中將分為2個組別。分組將參考參賽隊伍的歷史成績。每個組別預賽積分前兩名隊伍參加半決賽。在半決賽中，小組第一名將與另一組的第二名對決。如果在預賽中小組前兩名積分相等，則按照下述33條執行。33．預賽排名規定預賽后參加半決賽的隊伍將按照下列規定確定：（1）比賽積分預賽中積分最高的隊伍率先進入半決賽。（2）勝場次如果兩隊積分相等，則獲勝場次多的隊伍進入半決賽。（3）警告次數如果根據（2）仍不能判定勝負，則獲得警告次數少的隊伍優先進入半決賽。（比賽獲得警告數為一支隊伍參加該級別比賽獲得的警告總數，在一局比賽中，如果某隊被警告3次則取消成績。如果比賽中止，宣布比賽中止前給出的警告計入該隊被警告數，如果比賽中止是由于規則第21條1、2、4規定的犯規造成的，則雙方隊伍均記警告3次）。（4）隊伍總體重如果上述三個方式仍不能判出勝負，則總體重小的隊伍優先進入半決賽。體重以稱重單的重量為標準。（5）擲幣或抽簽如果上述均不能判定勝負，參加半決賽的資格將通過擲幣或抽簽決定。34．抽簽的監督抽簽應在比賽任命的技術官員的監督下進行，發生爭議由這些官員裁決。35．申訴參賽隊如對參賽資格或裁判判罰有異議，可以向仲裁委員會提出申訴，申訴應該由領隊書面提出，并需要交納一定的申訴費。具體由大會組委會規定。附錄一:隊伍準備起繩拉緊TEAMAREYOUREADYPICKUPTHEROPETAKETHESTRAIN調繩居中預備開始ROPETOCENTRESTEADYPULL指示獲勝方交換場地中止INDICATINGWINNERCHANGEENDSNOPULL第一次警告第二次警告FIRSTCAUTIONSECONDCAUTION犯規手號SignalsInfringements坐地觸地鎖繩SITTINGLEANINGLOCKING握繩持繩姿勢GRIPPROPPINGPOSITION爬繩劃船錨人CLIMBINGROWINGANCHOR訓練員立足點(室外)出界(室內)TRAINERFOOTHOLDSSIDESTEP【完】裁判手勢和口令示意圖20附錄二:一般性犯規裁判手勢和口令示意圖21附錄三:2008-2010國際拔河競賽規則（英文版）RULESFORINTERNATIONALCOMPETITIONDEFINITIONSANDSPECIFICATIONS1TUGOFWARSPORTTugofWarisasportpractisedbyteamswhoarebona-fidemembersoftheNationalTugofWarAssociationsaffiliatedtoTWIF.Theparticipantsmustbeamateurs,asapprovedbyTWIF,andtheywilladheretotheRulesandDirectionsaslaiddownbytheTugofWarInternationalFederation.2CATEGORIESInInternationalTugofWarcompetitionsthefollowingcategoriesarerecognized.OutdoorandIndoorMenandWomenSenior,Under23andJuniorMixed4x4(4Maleand4Female)TWIForganiseseachyearaWorldChampionshipsforJuniorcategorieswomenandmen223WEIGHTCLASSESInallInternationalcompetitionsthefollowingteamweightswillapply:UltraFeatherweightnotexceeding480KilosFeatherweightnotexceeding520KilosLightweightnotexceeding560KilosLightMiddleweightnotexceeding600KilosMiddleweightnotexceeding640KilosCruiserweightnotexceeding680KilosHeavyweightnotexceeding720KilosCatchweightnoweightlimitationsMixed(4×4)notexceeding600Kilos4WEIGHINGANDSTAMPINGAteamfailingtoweighwithintherequiredweightlimitshallbegivenonefurtherattempttoWeighIn.Theweighingandstampingshallbecompletedatleastonehourbeforethepublishedtimeforthestartofthecompetition.However,fortheClosedChampionshipstheweighingwilltakeplaceonThursdaypriortotheClosedChampionships.5AGELIMITS5.1JuniorcategoryApulleriseligibletoparticipateinthejuniorcategoryfromthebeginningoftheyearinwhichthepullerreachestheageof15yearsuntilthe23endoftheyearinwhichthepullerreachestheageof18years.5.2Under23Apulleriseligibletoparticipateintheunder23categoryfromthebeginningoftheyearinwhichthepullerreachestheageof18yearsuntiltheendoftheyearinwhichthepullerreachestheageof22years.5.3SeniorApulleriseligibletoparticipateintheseniorcategoryfromthebeginningoftheyearinwhichthepullerreachestheageof18years.6TeamsandSubstitutions.6.1NumberofpullersinateamTeamsshallconsistofeightpullingmembersatthestartofthecompetition.Thecontestwillhavedeemedtohavecommencedwhenbothteamsareinapositiontopullunderthedirectsupervisionofthejudge.6.2MembersnationalteamMembersofanationalteammustbecitizensofthecountrytheteamisrepresenting.Proofofcitizenshipisonlyacceptedbypassportor,incasethecompetitionisinthecountryoftheteam,anationalidentitycard.Membersoftheteam24includespullers,coachandteamattendant.6.3ConditionsforusingasubstituteThesubstitutemayreplaceanyonepullerforthedurationofthecompetition.Afterthesubstitutionhastakenplace,noothersuchchangesmayoccur.Substitutionmaybeusedfortacticalreasonsorduetoinjury.Substitutionmayonlytakeplaceaftertheteamhasweighed-in,andhasfinishedthefirstendofthefirstmatchitpullsin.Thereplacedpullershallnotparticipateinanysubsequentmatchesofthatweightclass.ThesubstitutemustbearegisteredpullerofthespecificCluborCountryforwhichhe/sheactsasasubstitute.6.4Substitutionprocedures.Both,thepullertobereplacedandthesubstitute,mustreportinfullpullingoutfit,(shirts,shorts,stockingsandfootwear)totheChiefJudge,whomaydesignateanofficialtodealwiththesubstitutes.Asmall(bathroomtype)scalemustbeavailableatthepullingarea,(inasuitableplace,onsolidsurface),todeterminetheweightdifferencebetweenthetwopullers.Thesubstitutepullermustbeofequalweightor25lessthanthepullerhe/shereplaces.Thetotalweightoftheteamcannotbeincreasedbytheweightofthesubstitute,eveniftheteamoriginallyweighedlessthanthemaximumweightforthatweightclass.Directlyafterthechange,theChiefJudgeordesignatedofficialshallcancelthestampormarkingofthereplacedpuller,andindicateasimilarmarkingonthesubstitute,withanindeliblemarker.TheChiefJudgeorthedesignatedofficialshallnotethesubstitutionontheappropriateweightcertificate,byaddinganddeletingtheaccreditationnumbersofthepullersinvolvedwiththechanges.6.5Minimumnumberofpullers.Asecondsubstitutionwillnotbepermitted.Shouldasecondinjuryoccur,theteamisallowedtocontinuewithsevenpullers.Ateamisnotallowedtocontinueacompetitionwithlessthansevenpullers.7COACH/TRAINEREachteammayhaveateamcoachtodirecttheirpulling.Onetrainerforeachteamisalsoallowed.Thetrainer’sfunctionistotakecareofhisteam26beforeandafterpulls.Heisnotallowedtospeaktohisteamwhilsttheyarepullingandmusttakeuppositionasdirectedbythejudgeinchargeofthematch.8SPORTEQUIPMENT8.1Sportdress8.1.1SportdresspullerTeamswillwearpropersportsclothingconsistingofshorts,sportsshirtorjerseysandknee-stockingsorsocks.Thesportdressofthepullersintheteamsshallbeuniform.8.1.2SportdresscoachandteamattendantCoachandteamattendantofateamwillweareitherthesamepropersportsdressastheteamorwillwearpropertracksuitwhichshallconformtothecolour(s)ofthesportdressoftheteams8.1.3HeadgearPullers,coachandteamattendantareallowedtowearthefollowingheadgear;cap,visororbandanna.Theheadgearshallconformtothecolour(s)ofthesportdress.Theheadgearshallbeuniformforallpullersintheteamwearingheadgearaswellasthecoachandtheteamattendant.Exemption;Headgearsuchasturbansorothersuch27headgearmaybeallowedaccordingtoreligionorculture.Thiswouldbedecidedonacasebycasebasis8.1.4ProtectiveclothingClothingtoprotecttheskinmaybewornunderthesportclothingsubjecttojudge’sapproval.Protectivebeltsareonlypermittedifwornoverthesportclothing.Theprotectiveclothingwornbytheanchorshallnotexceedamaximumthicknessof5centimetres;itmustalwaysbewornunderthesportclothingandplacedbetweentheropeandthebody.Nohooks,groovesorotherconstructionsintendedtolocktheropeareallowedonanyoftheprotectiveclothing.RecommendedAnchorvest(seepage43)8.2ResinResinisallowedtofacilitatethegripontheropeandtheuseisrestrictedtothehandsonly.Inin-doorcompetitionresinmayonlybeusedwhenauthorisationisobtainedtoutiliseresininthesportshall;ifpermittedtouseresininthesportshallitshallbeappliedunderthedirectionsofthejudgesonly.8.3Dressatweigh-inMen-teamsmayweigh-ininpropersizednon-Tran28sparentshortsonly.Women-teamsmayweigh-ininpropersizednon-transparentshortsandshirtsonly.Bootsneednotbecarriedorwornonthescaleduringweigh-in.8.4Shoes8.4.1Out-doorshoesThesole,heelandsideoftheheelmustbeperfectlyflush.Nometaltoecapsortoeplatesarepermitted.Spikesandprotrudingnailsfromthesolesorheelsofthebootarenotpermitted.Thefasteningoftheshoeshallnotconsistofanyprotrudingclipswhichmightcauseinjuries.Ametalheelplatewiththemaximumthicknessof6.5mmthatisflushonthesideandbottomoftheheelispermitted.Thesizeoftheheelshouldnotconstitutemorethanonethirdoftheentiresolearea,norlessthanonequarter.Thedepthoftheheelasmeasuredfromthesoleshouldnotbelessthan6.5mmandnotmorethan25mm.(Includingtheplate.)(Seepage36)8.4.2In-doorshoesTheshoestobeusedforindoortugofwarshouldbeasoriginallyproducedbyanysportshoemanufacturer.Thesolemaybeadaptedbut,shouldnotbewiderorlongerthantheupperpartofthe29shoe.Thesoleshouldbemadeofrubberorsuchmaterialastogiveoptimumgripbutnotcausedamagetothepullingsurfaceorfloor.Themaximumlengthandwidthofthesolemustnotexceedthe‘barefoot’measurementofthepullerbymorethan20%.ChampionshipcontrollingOfficialsshallarbitrateinmattersofdispute.9ROPESPECIFICATIONS9.1RopedimensionsTheropemustnotbelessthan10centimetres(100mm)ormorethan12.5centimetres(125mm)incircumference,andmustbefreefromknotsorotherholdingsforthehands.Theendsoftheropeshallhaveawhippingfinish.Theminimumlengthoftheropemustnotbelessthan33.5meters.9.2RopemarkingThetapesormarkingsshallbeaffixedsothattheyareeasilyadjustablebythejudgeintheeventoftheropestretchingorshrinking.9.2.1Ropemarkingout-doorFivetapesorropemarkingsshallbeaffixedasfollows:(a)one(1)tapeormarkingatthecentreoftherope(b)two(2)tapesormarkingseachfour(4)metersoneithersideofthecentremarking.30(c)two(2)tapesormarkingseachfive(5)metersoneithersideofthecentremarking.(d)markingslistedin(a),(b)and(c)shallbeinthreedifferentcolours.9.2.2Ropemarkingin-doorThreetapesorropemarkingsshallbeaffixedasfollows:(a)one(1)tapeormarkingatthecentreoftherope(b)two(2)tapesormarkingseachtwoandahalf(2.5)metersoneithersideofthecentremarking(c)markingslistedin(a)and(b)shallbeintwodifferentcolours10PULLINGAREAANDMARKINGS10.1Out-doorpullingareaandmarkingThepullingareashallbeflat,levelgrasscoveredsurface.Onecentrelineshallbemarkedontheground.10.2In-doorpullingareaandmarkingThepullingsurfaceshallbemadeofamaterialthatwillgivesufficientfrictiontonormalindoorsportsshoesandisapprovedbyTWIF.Therecommendedlengthofthepullingsurfacewillbe36meters.Therecommendedwidthofthepulling31surfacewillbe100-120centimetresOnecentrelineandtwosidelinesfour(4)metersoneithersideofthecentrelineshallbemarkedonthepullingsurface/floor.PULLINGTECHNIQUESRULES11ROPEGRIPNocompetitorshallgriptheropewithinthelengthboundedbytheoutertapesormarkings.Atthecommencementofeachpullthefirstpullingmembershallgriptheropeascloseaspossibletotheoutertapeormarking.Noknotsorloopsshallbemadeintherope,norshallitbelockedacrossanypartofthebodyofanymemberoftheteam.Crossingtheropeoveritselfconstitutesaloop.Atthestartofapull,theropeshallbetautwiththecentreropemarkingoverthecentrelinemarkingontheground.12PULLINGPOSITIONWiththeexceptionoftheAnchor,everypullingmembershallholdtheropewithbothbarehandsbytheordinarygrip,i.e.thepalmsofbothhandsfacingup,andtheropeshallpassbetweenthebodyandtheupperpartofthearm.ForholdofAnchor32seeRule13.Anyotherhold,whichpreventsthefreemovementoftherope,isaLockandisaninfringementoftheRules.Thefeetmustbeextendedforwardofthekneesandteammembersshouldbeinapullingpositionatalltimes.13ANCHOR‘SPOSITIONTheendpullershallbecalledtheAnchor.Theropeshallpassalongsidethebody,diagonallyacrossthebackandovertheoppositeshoulderfromreartofront.Theremainingropeshallpassunderthearmpitinabackwardandoutwarddirectionandtheslackshallrunfree.TheAnchorshallthengripthestandingpartoftheropebytheordinarygrip;i.e.thepalmsofbothhandsfacingup,withbotharmsextendedforward.TheAnchorisallowedtokeeptheropebelowtheleveloftheprotectivebeltandonsafetygroundsthiswillnotconstituteaLock.INFRINGEMENTSOFTHERULES14INFRINGEMENTSDURINGCOMPETITION14.1InfringementsGeneral1Sittingdeliberatelysittingontheground,33orfailuretoreturnimmediatelytothepullingpositionafterslipping2Leaningtouchingthegroundwithanypartofthebodyotherthanthefeet3Lockinganyholdwhichpreventsthefreemovementoftherope4GripanygripotherthantheordinarygripasdescribedinRule11,12and135Proppingholdingtheropeinapositionwhereitdoesnotpassbetweenthebodyandtheupperpartofthearm6Positionsittingonafootoralimborthefeetnotextendedforwardoftheknee7Climbingtheropepassingtheropethroughthehands8Rowingrepeatedlysittingonthegroundwhilstthefeetaremovedbackwards9AnchorPositionanyotherthanthepositiondescribedinRule1310Trainertrainerspeakingtohisteamwhilsttheyarepulling11InactivityTeamsfailingtoactivelyengageinacompetitiveeffortduringapull,leadingtoaprolongedstalemate,which34couldbringthesportintodisrepute,constitutea“Nopull”,whichcanbecalledatanytime.Thepullwillberestartedoneitherneworlessbrokengroundintheimmediateproximityoftheoriginalpullinglane.Ifapullwithperiodsofinactivitylastslongerthantenminutes,theChiefJudgewilldrawtheattentionoftheCentreJudgetocalla“Nopull”.14.2Infringementsduringout-doorcompetitions12Footholdsmakingindentsinthegroundinanywaybeforethecommand“TaketheStrain”isgiven14.3Infringementsduringin-doorcompetitions13Side-steppingsteppingoutsidethepullingsurfaceofanin-doorcompetition15DISQUALIFICATIONTeamswillreceivetwo(2)cautionsforinfringementsoftheRulesinanyone(1)pull,beforebeingdisqualified.ForallinfringementsoftheRules,ateammaybedeemedguiltyifonlyonepersonoffends.16BREACHOFTHERULESFailuretocomplywithanyoftheRulesforInternationalCompetitionmayobviateteamsfrom35competing.COMPETITIONMATCHESANDSCORES17MATCHES,PULLSANDRESTPERIODApointscompetitionconsistsof(nx(n-1)÷2)matches,inwhichnisthenumberofteamsinthecompetition.Eachmatchconsistsoftwo(2)pulls.Areasonablerestwillbegrantedbetweenpulls.Amaximumofsix(6)minutesmaybeclaimedbetweenmatches,beginningwhenateamleavesthearenaandendingwhenateamisinthemarshallingareareadytore-enterthearena.18TOSSBeforepullingcommencesthechoiceofendswillbedecidedbythetossofacoin.Afterthefirstpull,theteamswillchangeends.Ifathirdpullisnecessary,thechoiceofendswillagainbedecidedbythetossofacoin.19WINNINGAPULL19.1WinningapullgeneralApulliswonbyateameitherbymovingtheropetherequireddistanceasindicatedbythemarkingsorthroughthedisqualificationoftheotherteambythejudge.3619.2Winningpullout-doorApulliswonwhenoneofthesidemarkersontheropeispulledbeyondthecentrelinemarkingontheground.19.3Winningpullin-doorApulliswonwhenthemiddlemarkerontheropeispulledbeyondthesidemarkingonthefloor.20SCORE20.1Point’sCompetitionAteamwinningamatchbytwo(2)pullstonilwillscorethree(3)points,thelosingteamwillscoreno(0)points.Teamswiningonepulleach;eachteamwillscoreone(1)point.20.2Pull-off’s,SemiFinalsandFinalsMatcheswillbewonbytwo(2)pullsoutofthree(3).Ateamwinningamatchbytwo(2)pullstonil(0)willscorethree(3)points,thelosingteamscoringno(0)points.Ateamwinningamatchbytwo(2)pullstoone(1)willscoretwo(2)points,theloosingteamscoringone(1)point21NOPULLA“NoPull”willbedeclaredintheeventof;bothteamsbeingguiltyofinfringements;aftertwicebeingcautioned37(a)bothteamsbeingguiltyofinactivity(b)bothteamsleavinggooftheropebeforethefinishofapull(c)apullbeinginterruptedwithoutinfringementbyeitheroftheteamsWhena“Nopull”isdeclaredinthecasea),b)orc),norestperiodwillbegrantedandthepullshallberetakenimmediatelyandwithoutanyaidorservice.Whena“Nopull”isdeclaredinthecaseofd)areasonablerestperiodwillbegranted.JUDGING22OFFICIALSANDJUDGESOfficialsshallbeappointedbytheTugofWarInternationalFederationtohavecontrolofallinternationalcompetitions.ThefinalselectionofjudgesforinternationalcompetitionshallbetheresponsibilityoftheTechnicalCommission.23POWERSOFREFEREE,CONTROLLERANDCHIEFJUDGEIncaseClubsand/orIndividualsataneventareliableofactionofbringingthetugofwarsportintodisrepute,theReferee,Controllerandthe38ChiefJudge,incoordinationwitheachother,areempoweredtoexpelthecluband/orindividualsfromfurtherparticipationduringtheevent.TheRefereeshallprepareareporttotheTWIFExCo,whichinaccordancewithArticle12oftheConstitutionmighttakefurtherdisciplinaryactionagainstthecluband/orindividuals24POWERSANDRESPONSIBILITIESOFTHEJUDGETheappointedjudgeforamatchshallhavesolecontrol.Heshallberesponsibleforensuring:(1)thattheRulesof“TWIF”areadheredto(2)thattheropeislaidoutreadyforcompetetionbeforetheteamsarriveinthepullingarea(3)that,asfaraspossible,thepre-determinedtimetableisadheredto.Hehasthepowerto;(4)grantrestperiodsasshowninRule17(5)declarea“Nopull”(6)disqualifyateamorteamsaftercaution.(7)disqualifyateamwithoutcautionwhichhedeemstobeguiltyofungentlemanlyconduct,bywordoract,whichislikelytobringthesportintodisrepute.39Intheeventofthejudgeinchargegivingacaution,whichhewillindicatebythecommonsignalcode,namingtheteamandadding“firstcaution”or“lastcaution”.Anysuchinstructionsgivenbythejudgeinchargemustbeclearandbriefusingtheappropriatesignals.Thejudge’sdecisionshallbefinalatalltimes.25RESPONSIBILITIESOFSIDEJUDGESSidejudgesshallatalltimesactunderthedirectionsofthejudgeincharge.Duringtheactualpullingthesidejudgeshalltakeupapositionalongsidethecompetingteamsandtotheoppositesideofthejudgeincharge.Thesidejudgeshallobservethecompetingteamsandindicatetheinfringementsoftheteamstothejudgeincharge,usingthecommonsignalcode.Thesidejudgewillinformtheoffendersofthecautionsgivenbythejudgeincharge.26WEIGHMASTERIninternationalcompetitions,stewardsmaybeappointedbyTWIFwhoshallberesponsibletotheWeighmaster(judgeinchargeoftheweigh-in)forcorrectlyweighingandstampingallcompetitors.40SIGNALSANDCOMMANDS27THESTARTPROCEDUREWhenthejudgehasreceivedasignalfromthetwocoachesthatallisready,heshallgivetheteamsthefollowingverbalandvisualcommands:PickuptheropeTheropeshallthenbegrippedasdefinedinparagraphs11,12and13,thefeetbeingflatonthegroundTaketheStrainSufficientstrainbeingputontheropetoensurethatitistaut.InoutdoorcompetitionseachpullermayestablishonefootholdwiththeheelorsideofthebootwiththeextendedfootSteadyThejudgeshallthensignaltheropetothecentreposition.WhentheropeissteadywiththecentremarkoverthecentrelineonthegroundPullAfterareasonablepause28FINISHOFAPULLThefinishofapullshallbesignalledbythe41judgeblowingawhistleandpointinginthedirectionoftheteamwinningthepullorinthecaseofa“Nopull”crossinghisarmsandpointingtothecentremark.29LISTOFCOMMANDSINTUGOFWARCOMPETITIONCOMMANDSIGNAL1TeamareyoureadyIndicatingtheteamwiththearm2Pickuptheropearmsextendedinfrontofthebody3Takethestrainarmsextendedupwardswithhandpalmsinward4Ro