Psychology1504PositivePsychologyPsychology15041BridgingIvoryTowerandMainStreetTheobjectiveofpositivepsychologyistounitetherigorofacademicresearchwiththeaccessibilityoftheself-helpmovement.BridgingIvoryTowerandMain2HousekeepingFeedbackorquestionsIncaseofanemergency……we’lltakeaPP-breakPowerpointsandvideotapeonwebsiteActivenote-takingRegularTime-InsHousekeepingFeedbackorquest3“Wordsarenotthesolemediumofexchangeinteachingandlearning—weeducatewithsilenceaswell.Silencegivesusachancetoreflectonwhatwehavesaidandheard…Inauthenticeducation,silenceistreatedasatrustworthymatrixfortheinnerworkstudentsmustdo,amediumforlearningofthedeepestsort.”“Wordsarenotthesolemedium4TheRoadtoPositivePsychologyHumanisticPsychology(50’s)TheThirdForceReactiontobehaviorism(FirstForce)Reactiontopsychoanalysis(SecondForce)LackedrigorousmethodologyTheRoadtoPositivePsycholog5AbrahamMaslow(1908-1970)KarenHorney(1885-1952)MeettheGrandparentsAaronAntonovsky(1923-1994)AbrahamMaslowKarenHorneyMeet6MeettheParentsMartinSeligmanEllenLangerPhilipStoneMeettheParentsMartinSeligma7Meet1504Meet15048ItisnotmerelyaboutinformationItisalsoabouttransformationCoveringless;uncoveringmoreItisnotmerelyaboutinforma9“Inpursuitofknowledge,everydaysomethingisacquired;inpursuitofwisdom,everydaysomethingisdropped.” LaoTzu“Thesoulgrowsbysubtraction,notaddition.” Thoreau“Inpursuitofknowledge,ever10InSearchof“WOW”Thereisno“WOW”!MakingcommonsensemorecommonInSearchof“WOW”Thereisno11Informationisnotenough“Whatiswrongisnotthegreatdiscoveriesofscience—informationisalwaysbetterthanignorance,nomatterwhatinformationorwhatignorance.Whatiswrongisthebeliefbehindtheinformation,thebeliefthatinformationwillchangetheworld.Itwon’t.”

ArchibaldMaCleishInformationisnotenough“What12Informationisnotenough“Humanisticphilosophy[offers]anewconceptionoflearning,ofteaching,andofeducation.Statedsimply,suchaconceptholdsthatthefunctionofeducation,thegoalofeducation—thehumangoal,thehumanisticgoal,thegoalsofarashumanbeingsareconcerned—isultimatelythe‘self-actualization’ofaperson,thebecomingfullyhuman,thedevelopmentofthefullestheightthatthehumanspeciescanstanduptoorthattheparticularindividualcancometo.Inalesstechnicalway,itishelpingthepersontobecomethebestthatheisabletobecome.”

AbrahamMaslowInformationisnotenough“Huma13ItisnotaboutprovidingdefinitiveanswersconcerningthegoodlifeItisaboutidentifyingtherightquestionsEducationisthequestforinformationandtransformation,andthereforemustbeginwithaquestion.“Themostcommonsourceofmistakesinmanagementdecisionsistheemphasisonfindingtherightanswerratherthantherightquestion.” PeterDruckerItisnotaboutprovidingdefi14哈佛《幸福課》1504-Positive-Psychology-課件15“Theonerealobjectofeducationistoleaveamanintheconditionofcontinuallyaskingquestions.” BishopCreighton“Theonerealobjectofeducat16TheQuestionofQuestionsHowcanwehelpourselvesandothers—individuals,communities,andsociety—becomehappier?TheQuestionofQuestionsHowc17ItisnotasurveyofpositivepsychologyItisaselectiveexplorationofthe‘questionofquestions.’EclecticCrossculturalpsychology“[Wewere]alittlesurprisedbytheDalaiLama’sseemingresistancetothenotionofculturaldifferences.” DanielGolemanItisnotasurveyofpositive18StudyingOurselves(aswell)“Whatismostpersonalismostgeneral.”

CarlRogers“Wemustrememberthatknowledgeofone’sowndeepnatureisalsosimultaneouslyknowledgeofhumannatureingeneral.”

AbrahamMaslowStudyingOurselves(aswell)“W19“Thereisonething,andonlyoneinthewholeuniversewhichweknowmoreaboutthanwecouldlearnfromexternalobservation.Thatonethingis[ourselves].Wehave,sotospeak,insideinformation;weareintheknow.” CSLewis“Thereisonething,andonly20ItisnotEnglish10aorMath55Itisaboutrigorousfun“Iwouldnotgiveafigforthesimplicityonthissideofcomplexity,butIwouldgivemylifeforthesimplicityontheothersideofcomplexity.”

OliverWendellHolmesAdifferentkindofeffort“OnMonday,don’ttellmehowgreatitwas;tellmewhatyou’redoingdifferently.”

PeterDruckerItisnotEnglish10aorMath21FinalProject20-30minutePresentationAnytopicwithinpositivepsychologyWrittentext(10-15pagesdoublespaced)Slides(wordorpowerpoints)Include:ReferencetoresearchOptional:stories,filmclips,exercises,etcWhyapresentation?TeachingaslearningSpreadgoodness…FinalProject20-30minutePre22哈佛《幸福課》1504-Positive-Psychology-課件23WhyPositivePsychology?WhyPositivePsychology?24Anger:5,584Anxiety:41,416Depression:54,040PsychologicalAbstracts(1967-2000)Joy:415Happiness:1,710Lifesatisfaction:2,582Ratio:21/1Anger:5,584PsychologicalAbst25FocusingonWhatDoesn’tWork“Thescienceofpsychologyhasbeenfarmoresuccessfulonthenegativethanonthepositiveside;ithasrevealedtousmuchaboutman’sshortcomings,hisillnesses,hissins,butlittleabouthispotentialities,hisvirtues,hisachievableaspirations,orhispsychologicalheight.Itisasifpsychologyhadvoluntarilyrestricteditselftoonlyhalfitsrightfuljurisdiction,andthatthedarker,meanerhalf.”

AbrahamMaslowFocusingonWhatDoesn’tWork“26PsychologyNeedsHelp21/1ratioisunhealthy……butitreflectsrealitydepression10timeshighertodaythan1960meanagefordepressiontodayis14.5(comparedto29.5in1960)PsychologyNeedsHelp21/1rati27哈佛《幸福課》1504-Positive-Psychology-課件28DoesPsychologyNeedHelp?21/1ratioofstudiesisunhealthy……butitreflectsrealitydepression10timeshighertodaythan1960meanagefordepressiontodayis14.5(comparedto29.5in1960)mentalhealthcrisisoncampusesnationwide(Kadison,2005)worldwidementalhealthepidemicDoesPsychologyNeedHelp?21/129WhyPositivePsychology?TheimportanceoffocusingonwhatworksHappinessisnotthenegationofunhappinessPreventionthroughcultivatingcapacityWhyPositivePsychology?Theim301.TheImportanceofFocusingonWhatWorks“TheaimofPositivePsychologyistocatalyzeachangeinpsychologyfromapreoccupationonlywithrepairingtheworstthingsinlifetoalsobuildingthebestqualitiesinlife.”

MartinSeligman1.TheImportanceofFocusing31ReframingQuestions:

TheCaseofAt-RiskPopulationTraditionalpsychology(Post-WWII)“Whydotheseindividualsfail?”Positivepsychologicalapproach(1980s-)“Whatmakessomeindividualssucceeddespiteunfavorablecircumstances?”ReframingQuestions:

TheCase32Resilience“Aclassofphenomenacharacterizedbypatternsofpositiveadaptationinthecontextofsignificantadversityorrisk.” Masten&ReedSuperkids?Ordinarycharacteristics,extraordinaryresultsOptimismFaithandasenseofmeaningProsocialbehaviorFocusingonstrengthsSetgoalsArolemodelSocialsupportResilience“Aclassofphenomen33FromPathogenicQuestionstoSalutogenicQuestions“Allthosefamiliarwiththehistoryofscienceareawarethatimportantadvancescomewiththeformulationofnewquestions.Thequestionisthebreakthrough;theanswercomeswithdifficulty,butitisthenewquestionthatisimportant.Thesalutogenicquestion,Isubmittoyou,isaradicallynewquestion,whichprovidestheimpetusforformulatinganewparadigmtohelpusunderstandhealthandillness.Ithasseriousimplicationsforresearcherandclinician,biologicalandsocialscientistalike.” AaronAntonovskyFromPathogenicQuestionstoS34“Weseewhatwelookforandwemissmuchofwhatwearenotlookingforeventhoughitisthere...Ourexperienceoftheworldisheavilyinfluencedbywhereweplaceourattention.”

StavrosandTorres“Weseewhatwelookforandw35RolemodelsHighExpectationsFromblametoresponsibilityToughandrespectfulOptimismandfaithinfutureFromfocusingondeficienciestofocusingonstrengthsRolemodels36PassiveVictimVs.ActiveAgentselfpityblamefrustrationanger___________________________________________takeactionresponsibilityconfidencehopeandoptimismPassiveVictimVs.37ReframingQuestions:

TheCaseofaChicagoSchoolTraditionalWay“Howcanwekeepstudentsinschool?”MarvaCollins’Way“Howcanwecultivatetheseedofgreatnessinourstudents?”“Howcanwecultivatetheseedofgreatnessinourselvesandfamilies,inourcommunitiesandorganization,inournationandourworld?”ReframingQuestions:

TheCase382.Happinessisn’ttheNegationofUnhappinessDiseaseModel HealthModelFocusonweaknesses FocusonstrengthsOvercomingdeficiencies BuildingcompetenciesAvoidingpain SeekingpleasureRunningfromunhappiness PursuinghappinessNeutralstate(0)asceiling NoceilingTensionlessasideal Creativetensionasideal_______________________0____________________+neurosis,anger,anxiety, wellbeing,satisfaction,joydepression,psychosis excitement,happiness2.Happinessisn’ttheNegatio393.PreventionthroughCultivatingPositiveIllnessastheabsenceofhealth(vs.healthastheabsenceofillness)“It[neurosis]isafallingshortofwhatonecouldhavebeen,andeven,onecouldsay,ofwhatoneshouldhavebeen,biologicallyspeaking,thatis,ifonehadgrownanddevelopedinanunimpededway.Humanandpersonalpossibilitieshavebeenlost.Theworldhasbeennarrowed,andsohasconsciousness.Capacitieshavebeeninhibited.” AbrahamMaslow3.PreventionthroughCultivat40“Wehavediscoveredthattherearehumanstrengthsthatactasbuffersagainstmentalillness:courage,future-mindedness,optimism,interpersonalskill,faith,workethic,hope,honesty,perseverance,thecapacityforflowandinsight,tonameseveral...Wehaveshownthatlearningoptimismpreventsdepressionandanxietyinchildrenandadults,roughlyhalvingtheirincidenceoverthenexttwoyears...Similarly,Ibelieve,thatifwewishtopreventdrugabuseinteenagerswhogrowupinaneighborhoodthatputsthematrisk,thattheeffectivepreventionisnotremedial.Ratheritconsistsofidentifyingandamplifyingthestrengthsthattheseteensalreadyhave.”

MartinSeligman“Wehavediscoveredthatthere41CultivatingCapacityStronger“psychologicalimmunesystem”Largerandstronger“psychologicalengine”MentalhealthatHarvardCultivatingCapacityStronger“42“ThemessageofthePositivePsychologymovementistoremindourfieldthatithasbeendeformed.Psychologyisnotjustthestudyofdisease,weakness,anddamage;italsoisthestudyofstrengthandvirtue.Treatmentisnotjustfixingwhatiswrong;italsoisbuildingwhatisright.Psychologyisnotjustaboutillness