雙語-【白皮書】新時代的中國綠色發展新時代的中國綠色發展China’sGreenDevelopmentintheNewEra前言Preface一、堅定不移走綠色發展之路I.StayingFirmlyCommittedtoGreenDevelopment二、綠色空間格局基本形成II.ABasicGreenTerritorialConfigurationIsinPlace三、產業結構持續調整優化III.AdjustingandImprovingtheIndustrialStructure五、綠色生活方式漸成時尚V.Eco-FriendlyLivingBecomesthePrevailingEthos六、綠色發展體制機制逐步完善VI.ImprovingtheInstitutionsandMechanismsforGreenDevelopment七、攜手共建美麗地球家園VII.BuildingtheEarthintoaBeautifulHome結束語Conclusion

前言Preface綠色是生命的象征、大自然的底色，良好生態環境是美好生活的基礎、人民共同的期盼。綠色發展是順應自然、促進人與自然和諧共生的發展，是用最少資源環境代價取得最大經濟社會效益的發展，是高質量、可持續的發展，已經成為各國共識。

Greenisthecolorofnatureandthesymboloflife.Asoundeco-environmentisthebasicfoundationforabetterlife,andthecommonaspirationofthepeople.Greendevelopmentisdevelopmentthatfollowsthelawsofnaturetopromoteharmoniouscoexistencebetweenhumanityandnature,developmentthatobtainsthemaximumsocialandeconomicbenefitsatminimumcostinresourcesandenvironmentalimpact,andsustainableandhigh-qualitydevelopmentthatprotectstheeco-environment.Ithasbecomethegoalofallcountries.

幾千年來，中華民族尊重自然、保護自然，生生不息、繁衍發展，倡導“天人合一”是中華文明的鮮明特色。改革開放以來，中國把節約資源和保護環境確立為基本國策，把可持續發展確立為國家戰略，大力推進社會主義生態文明建設。

RespectingandprotectingnaturehasmadeanimportantcontributiontothesurvivalandprosperityoftheChinesenationoverthousandsofyears.Theconceptof“harmonybetweenhumanityandnature”isadistinctcharacteristicofChinesecivilization.Tovigorouslypromotethebuildingofasocialisteco-civilization,Chinahasestablishedafundamentalnationalpolicyofconservingresourcesandprotectingtheenvironment,andanationalstrategyofsustainabledevelopmentsincethelaunchofreformandopeningup.

中共十八大以來，在習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想指引下，中國堅持綠水青山就是金山銀山的理念，堅定不移走生態優先、綠色發展之路，促進經濟社會發展全面綠色轉型，建設人與自然和諧共生的現代化，創造了舉世矚目的生態奇跡和綠色發展奇跡，美麗中國建設邁出重大步伐。綠色成為新時代中國的鮮明底色，綠色發展成為中國式現代化的顯著特征，廣袤中華大地天更藍、山更綠、水更清，人民享有更多、更普惠、更可持續的綠色福祉。中國的綠色發展，為地球增添了更多“中國綠”，擴大了全球綠色版圖，既造福了中國，也造福了世界。

Sincethe18thCPCNationalCongressin2012,undertheguidanceofXiJinpingThoughtonSocialismwithChineseCharacteristicsforaNewEra,Chinahasfirmlyupheldthebeliefthatlucidwatersandlushmountainsareinvaluableassets.Ithasprioritizedeco-environmentalconservationandgreendevelopment,promotedthecomprehensivegreentransformationofeconomicandsocialdevelopment,andachievedmodernizationbasedonharmonybetweenhumanityandnature.Wondershavebeenaccomplishedineco-environmentalprotectionandgreendevelopment,andgreatstrideshavebeenmadeinbuildingabeautifulChina.GreenisthedefiningfeatureofChinaintheneweraandgreendevelopmentfeaturestheChinesepathtomodernization.Withmoreblueskies,greenmountains,andlucidwaters,theChinesepeoplecouldenjoymoreaccessibleandsustainablegreenbenefits.China’sgreendevelopmenthashelpedtoexpandthegreeningareasofitsownlandandtheearth,benefittingbothChinaandtheworldatlarge.

作為世界上最大的發展中國家，中國秉持人類命運共同體理念，堅定踐行多邊主義，提出全球發展倡議、全球安全倡議，深化務實合作，積極參與全球環境與氣候治理，為落實聯合國2030年可持續發展議程，推動全球可持續發展，共同構建人與自然生命共同體，共建繁榮清潔美麗的世界貢獻了中國智慧、中國力量。

Astheworld’slargestdevelopingcountry,Chinaiscommittedtotheideaofaglobalcommunityofsharedfuture.Ithasofferedunwaveringsupporttomultilateralism,proposedtheGlobalDevelopmentInitiativeandtheGlobalSecurityInitiative,expandedpracticalcooperation,andactivelyparticipatedinglobalenvironmentandclimategovernance.IthascontributedChinesewisdomandstrengthtoimplementingtheUN2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopment,creatingacommunityoflifeforhumanityandnature,andbuildingaclean,beautifulandprosperousworldofsustainabledevelopment.

為全面介紹新時代中國綠色發展理念、實踐與成效，分享中國綠色發展經驗，特發布本白皮書。

TheChinesegovernmentispublishingthiswhitepapertopresentafullpictureofChina’sideas,actions,andachievementsingreendevelopmentinthenewera,andtosharewiththeworlditsexperienceinthisregard.一、堅定不移走綠色發展之路I.StayingFirmlyCommittedtoGreenDevelopment中國順應人民對美好生活的新期待，樹立和踐行綠水青山就是金山銀山的理念，站在人與自然和諧共生的高度謀劃發展，協同推進經濟社會高質量發展和生態環境高水平保護，走出了一條生產發展、生活富裕、生態良好的文明發展道路。

Tomeetthepeople’sdesireforabetterlife,Chinahastreatedlucidwatersandlushmountainsasinvaluableassetsandworkedtomaintainharmonybetweenhumanityandnatureinitsdevelopment.Chinafavorshigh-qualityeconomicgrowth,high-levelenvironmentalprotection,andapathofsounddevelopmentbasedonhighereconomicoutputandlivingstandards,andhealthyecosystems.

（一）堅持以人民為中心的發展思想1.Applyingapeople-centereddevelopmentphilosophy

以人民為中心是中國共產黨的執政理念，良好生態環境是最公平的公共產品、最普惠的民生福祉。隨著中國現代化建設的不斷推進和人民生活水平的不斷提高，人民對優美生態環境的需要更加迫切，生態環境在人民生活幸福指數中的地位不斷凸顯。中國順應人民日益增長的優美生態環境需要，堅持生態惠民、生態利民、生態為民，大力推行綠色生產生活方式，重點解決損害群眾健康的突出環境問題，持續改善生態環境質量，提供更多優質生態產品，讓人民在優美生態環境中有更多的獲得感、幸福感、安全感。

Thepeople-centeredphilosophyisagoverningprincipleoftheCommunistPartyofChina(CPC),andasoundeco-environmentisthefairestpublicproductandthemostinclusivepublicbenefit.AsChina’smodernizationadvancesandlivingstandardsimprove,thepopulardemandforabeautifulenvironmentisgrowing.Inthepeople’shappinessindex,theweightofenvironmenthasincreased.Tomeetthegrowingdemandforabeautifulenvironment,Chinahasstrengthenedeco-environmentalconservationandprotectionandvigorouslypromotedeco-friendlywaysofworkandlife.Ithasfocusedonsolvingthemajorenvironmentalproblemsthatseriouslyendangerpeople’shealth,improvedthequalityoftheenvironmentandecosystems,andprovidedmorequalityeco-environmentalgoods,soastohelppeoplefeelhappier,moresatisfied,andmoresecureinabeautifulenvironment.

（二）著眼中華民族永續發展2.FocusingonsustainabledevelopmentinChina

生態興則文明興，生態衰則文明衰。大自然是人類賴以生存發展的基本條件，只有尊重自然、順應自然、保護自然，才能實現可持續發展。中國立足環境容量有限、生態系統脆弱的現實國情，既為當代發展謀、也為子孫萬代計，把生態文明建設作為關系中華民族永續發展的根本大計，既要金山銀山也要綠水青山，推動綠水青山轉化為金山銀山，讓自然財富、生態財富源源不斷帶來經濟財富、社會財富，實現經濟效益、生態效益、社會效益同步提升，建設人與自然和諧共生的現代化。

Societywillprosperwhentheenvironmentimproves,andlosevigorastheenvironmentdegrades.Natureprovidesthebasicconditionsforhumansurvivalanddevelopment.Respecting,accommodating,andprotectingnatureisessentialforsustainabledevelopment.Bearinginmindthatitsenvironmentalcapacityislimitedanditsecosystemisfragile,Chinahasnotonlypursueddevelopmentforthepresentgeneration,butalsomappedoutplansforgenerationstocome.Itregardseco-environmentalconservationasfundamentaltosustainabledevelopmentinChina.Itvaluesboththeenvironmentandeconomicdevelopment,workstotranslateeco-environmentalstrengthsintodevelopmentstrengths,andalwayslookstorealizetheeconomicandsocialvaluethatlucidwatersandlushmountainshave,whichwillbringaboutfinancialreturns,eco-environmentalbenefits,socialbenefits,andharmonybetweenhumanityandnature.

（三）堅持系統觀念統籌推進3.Applyingsystemsthinkingandacoordinatedapproach

綠色發展是對生產方式、生活方式、思維方式和價值觀念的全方位、革命性變革。中國把系統觀念貫穿到經濟社會發展和生態環境保護全過程，正確處理發展和保護、全局和局部、當前和長遠等一系列關系，構建科學適度有序的國土空間布局體系、綠色低碳循環發展的經濟體系、約束和激勵并舉的制度體系，統籌產業結構調整、污染治理、生態保護、應對氣候變化，協同推進降碳、減污、擴綠、增長，推進生態優先、節約集約、綠色低碳發展，形成節約資源和保護環境的空間格局、產業結構、生產方式、生活方式，促進經濟社會發展全面綠色轉型。

Greendevelopmentisanall-roundrevolutionarychangeinourvalues,andinhowwework,live,andthink.Chinahasappliedsystemsthinkingtothewholeprocessofeconomicandsocialdevelopmentandeco-environmentalconservationandprotection.Ithastakenasoundapproachtotherelationshipsbetweendevelopmentandprotection,betweenoverallandlocalinterests,andbetweenthepresentandthefuture.Ithastakenascientific,moderate,andorderlyapproachtotheuseofterritorialspace,andpromotedasoundeconomicstructurethatfacilitatesgreen,low-carbon,andcirculardevelopment.Ithasfosteredaninstitutionalsystemthatcombinesbothconstraintsandincentivestocoordinateindustrialrestructuring,pollutioncontrol,eco-environmentalconservation,andclimateresponse.Chinahasendeavoredtocutcarbonemissions,reducepollution,expandgreendevelopment,andpursueeconomicgrowth.Ithasprioritizedeco-environmentalprotection,conservesresourcesandusesthemefficientlyforgreenandlow-carbondevelopment.Ithasdevelopedspatialconfigurations,industrialstructures,andwaysofworkandlifethathelpconserveresourcesandprotecttheenvironment,andpromotedgreenereconomicandsocialdevelopmentinallrespects.

（四）共謀全球可持續發展4.Workingtogetherforglobalsustainabledevelopment

保護生態環境、應對氣候變化，是全人類的共同責任。只有世界各國團結合作、共同努力，攜手推進綠色可持續發展，才能維持地球生態整體平衡，守護好全人類賴以生存的唯一家園。中國站在對人類文明負責的高度，積極參與全球環境治理，向世界承諾力爭于2030年前實現碳達峰、努力爭取2060年前實現碳中和，以“碳達峰碳中和”目標為牽引推動綠色轉型，以更加積極的姿態開展綠色發展雙多邊國際合作，推動構建公平合理、合作共贏的全球環境治理體系，為全球可持續發展貢獻智慧和力量。

Protectingtheenvironmentandcounteringclimatechangearethecommonresponsibilitiesofallcountries.Onlywhenallcountriesuniteandworktogethertopromotegreenandsustainabledevelopmentcanwemaintaintheoverallbalanceintheearth’secologyandprotecthumanity’soneandonlyhome.Chinahasshouldereditsresponsibilities,activelyparticipatedinglobalenvironmentalgovernance,andpledgedtoreachcarbonemissionspeakby2030andcarbonneutralityby2060.Itwilladvancethegreentransitionwiththesegoalsasthelead,playamoreactivepartinbilateralandmultilateralinternationalcooperationongreendevelopment,promoteafairandequitablesystemofglobalenvironmentalgovernance,andcontributeitswisdomandstrengthtoglobalsustainabledevelopment.二、綠色空間格局基本形成II.ABasicGreenTerritorialConfigurationIsinPlace中國積極健全國土空間體系，加強生產、生活、生態空間用途統籌和協調管控，加大生態系統保護修復力度，有效擴大生態環境容量，推動自然財富、生態財富快速積累，生態環境保護發生歷史性、轉折性、全局性變化，為經濟社會持續健康發展提供有力支撐。

Chinaismakingeffortstooptimizeitsgoverningsystemofterritorialspace.Thecountryhasstrengthenedtheoverallplanningandcoordinatedmanagementandcontrolofterritorialspaceforworkingandlivingandfortheenvironment.Ithasintensifiedeffortstoprotectandrestoreecosystems,effectivelyexpandedthecapacityoftheeco-environment,andpromotedtherapidaccumulationofnaturalwealthandeco-environ-mentalwealth,leadingtohistoric,transformative,andcomprehensivechangesineco-environmentalprotectionandprovidingstrongsupportforthesustainableandhealthydevelopmentoftheeconomyandsociety.

（一）優化國土空間開發保護格局1.Optimizingthedevelopmentandprotectionofterritorialspace

國土是綠色發展的空間載體。中國實施主體功能區戰略，建立全國統一、責權清晰、科學高效的國土空間規劃體系，統籌人口分布、經濟布局、國土利用、生態環境保護等因素，整體謀劃國土空間開發保護，實現國土空間開發保護更高質量、更可持續。

Acountry’sterritorialspaceisthecarrierforgreendevelopment.Chinahasimplementedafunctionalzoningstrategyandestablishedaunifiedterritorialspaceplanningsystemthatisscience-based,efficientandbuiltuponclearlydefinedpowersandresponsibilities.Takingintoconsiderationfactorssuchaspopulationdistribution,regionaleconomicstructures,landuse,andeco-environmentalprotection,ithasplannedforthedevelopmentandprotectionofterritorialspacewithaholisticapproach,soastoachievehigher-qualityandmoresustainabledevelopmentofitsterritorialspace.

實現國土空間規劃“多規合一”。將主體功能區規劃、土地利用規劃、城鄉規劃等空間規劃融合為統一的國土空間規劃，逐步建立“多規合一”的規劃編制審批體系、實施監督體系、法規政策體系和技術標準體系，強化國土空間規劃對各專項規劃的指導約束作用，加快完成各級各類國土空間規劃編制，逐步形成全國國土空間開發保護“一張圖”。

Chinahasintegrateddifferentplansintoasinglemasterplanforterritorialspacedevelopment.Ithasintegratedfunctionalzoning,landuse,urbanandruralplanning,andotherspatialplanningintoaunifiedterritorialspaceplan.Acomprehensivesystemintegratingplanningapproval,implementationsupervision,regulations,policiesandtechnicalstandardsistakingshape.Theroleofterritorialspaceplanninghasbeenstrengthenedinguidingandconstrainingvariousspecificplans.Ithasspedupthedraftingofvariousplansforterritorialspaceatalllevels.Asaresult,anoverallmasterplanwilleventuallybedrawnupforthedevelopmentandprotectionofterritorialspace.

統籌優化國土空間布局。以全國國土調查成果為基礎，開展資源環境承載能力和國土空間開發適宜性評價，科學布局農業、生態、城鎮等功能空間，優化農產品主產區、重點生態功能區、城市化地區三大空間格局。統籌劃定耕地和永久基本農田、生態保護紅線、城鎮開發邊界等空間管控邊界以及各類海域保護線，強化底線約束，統一國土空間用途管制，筑牢國家安全發展的空間基礎。

Concertedeffortshavebeenmadetooptimizetheuseofterritorialspace.Basedontheresultsofnationallandresourcesurveys,Chinahascarriedoutanevaluationofthecarryingcapacityofresourcesandtheenvironment,andsuitabilityoflanddevelopment.Ithasscientificallydesignatedagricultural,ecological,urbanandotherfunctionalzones,andimprovedtheterritorialspacelayoutthatconsistsofthreemajorzones–mainagriculturalproductionzones,keyecosystemservicezonesandurbanizedzones.Tostrengthennationalandregionaleco-environmentalsecurity,Chinahasdesignatedpermanentbasiccropland,drawnredlinesforeco-environmentalprotection,delineatedboundariesforurbandevelopment,andsetprotectionlinesforalltypesofseaareas,inacoordinatedmanner.Ithasestablishedcentralizedcontrolovertheuseofterritorialspaceandensuredthattheselinesarenotcrossed.

加強重點生態功能區管理。著力防控化解生態風險，將承擔水源涵養、水土保持、防風固沙和生物多樣性保護等重要生態功能的縣級行政區確定為重點生態功能區，以保護生態環境、提供生態產品為重點，限制大規模高強度工業化城鎮化開發，推動自然生態系統總體穩定向好，生態服務功能逐步增強，生態產品供給水平持續提升。

Chinahasstrengthenedthemanagementofkeyecosystemservicezonesandendeavoredtopreventandcontroleco-environmentalrisks.County-leveladministrativeunitsthatperformimportantecologicalfunctionssuchaswaterconservation,soilandwaterconservation,inhibitingwinds,fixingsand,andprotectingbiodiversityaredesignatedaskeyecosystemservicezones,whichshouldfocusonprotectingtheenvironmentandprovidingeco-environmentalproductsandberestrictedfromlarge-scaleindustrializationandurbanization.Asaresult,China’snaturalecosystemsaregenerallystableorimproving,eco-environmentalserviceshaveimproved,andthesupplyofeco-environmentalproductshascontinuedtoincrease.

（二）強化生態系統保護修復2.Strengtheningeco-environmentalconservationandrestoration

山水林田湖草沙是生命共同體。中國加強系統治理、綜合治理、源頭治理和依法治理，堅持保護優先、自然恢復為主，大力推動生態系統保護修復，筑牢國家生態安全屏障，筑牢中華民族永續發展的根基。

Mountains,rivers,forests,farmland,lakes,grasslandsanddesertsarecommunitiesoflife.Chinahassteppedupsystematic,comprehensive,andlaw-basedenvironmentgovernance,tacklingproblemsattheirsources.Prioritizingprotectionandfocusingonnaturalrestoration,ithasvigorouslypressedforwardwiththeprotectionandrestorationofecosystems,soastobuildasolidnationaleco-environmentalsecuritybarrierandstrengthenthefoundationsforthesustainabledevelopmentoftheChinesenation.

初步建立新型自然保護地體系。自然保護地是生態建設的核心載體。中國努力構建以國家公園為主體、自然保護區為基礎、各類自然公園為補充的自然保護地體系，正式設立三江源、大熊貓、東北虎豹、海南熱帶雨林、武夷山首批5個國家公園，積極穩妥有序推進生態重要區域國家公園創建。截至2021年底，已建立各級各類自然保護地近萬處，占國土陸域面積的17%以上，90%的陸地自然生態系統類型和74%的國家重點保護野生動植物物種得到了有效保護。

Anewtypeofprotectedarea(PA)systemhasbeensetup.PAsaremajorplatformsforeco-environmentalconservation.ChinaisdevelopingaPAsystemwithnationalparksasthemainstay,supportedbynaturereservesandsupplementedbynatureparks.Ithascreateditsfirstbatchoffivenationalparks–theThree-River-SourceNationalPark,theGiantPandaNationalPark,theNortheastChinaTigerandLeopardNationalPark,theHainanTropicalRainforestNationalPark,andtheWuyishanNationalPark.Itismakingsteadyprogressinbuildingnationalparksinenvironmentallyimportantregions.Asoftheendof2021,nearly10,000PAsofvarioustypesandlevelshadbeenestablished,coveringmorethan17percentofChina’slandarea,bringingundereffectiveprotection90percentofitsnaturalterrestrialecosystemtypesand74percentofkeystate-protectedwildlifespecies.

科學劃定生態保護紅線。生態保護紅線是國家生態安全的底線和生命線。中國將生態功能極重要、生態極脆弱以及具有潛在重要生態價值的區域劃入生態保護紅線，包括整合優化后的自然保護地，實現一條紅線管控重要生態空間。截至目前，中國陸域生態保護紅線面積占陸域國土面積比例超過30%。通過劃定生態保護紅線和編制生態保護修復規劃，鞏固了以青藏高原生態屏障區、黃河重點生態區（含黃土高原生態屏障）、長江重點生態區（含川滇生態屏障）、東北森林帶、北方防沙帶、南方丘陵山地帶、海岸帶等為依托的“三區四帶”生態安全格局。

Settingupscientificeco-environmentalconservationredlines(ECRLs).ECRLsarethelifelineofnationaleco-environmentalsecurity.Chinahasbroughtfunctionalareasofvitalimportance,exceedinglyfragileareas,andareasofpotentiallyvitaleco-environmentalvaluewithinthescopeoftheECRLframework.Morethan30percentofChina’slandarea–includingintegratedandoptimizedPAs–isnowundertheprotectionofECRLs.ThroughdrawingECRLsanddraftingecologicalprotectionandrestorationplans,thecountryhasconsolidatedanoveralleco-environmentalconservationconfigurationcomposedofThreeEco-zonesandFourShelterbelts–theQinghai-TibetPlateauEco-zone,theYellowRiverEco-zone(includingtheLoessPlateauEcologicalBarrier),theYangtzeRiverEco-zone(includingtheSichuan-YunnanEcologicalBarrier),and

theNortheast,North,South,andCoastalShelterbelts.

實施重要生態系統保護和修復重大工程。以國家重點生態功能區、生態保護紅線、自然保護地等為重點，啟動實施山水林田湖草沙一體化保護和修復工程，統籌推進系統治理、綜合治理、源頭治理。陸續實施三北、長江等防護林和天然林保護修復、退耕還林還草、礦山生態修復、“藍色海灣”整治行動、海岸帶保護修復、渤海綜合治理攻堅戰、紅樹林保護修復等一批具有重要生態影響的生態環境修復治理工程，科學開展大規模國土綠化行動，推動森林、草原、濕地、河流、湖泊面積持續增加，土地荒漠化趨勢得到有效扭轉。2012－2021年，中國累計完成造林9.6億畝，防沙治沙2.78億畝，種草改良6億畝，新增和修復濕地1200多萬畝。2021年，中國森林覆蓋率達到24.02%，森林蓄積量達到194.93億立方米，森林覆蓋率和森林蓄積量連續30多年保持“雙增長”，是全球森林資源增長最多和人工造林面積最大的國家。中國在世界范圍內率先實現了土地退化“零增長”，荒漠化土地和沙化土地面積“雙減少”，對全球實現2030年土地退化零增長目標發揮了積極作用。自2000年以來，中國始終是全球“增綠”的主力軍，全球新增綠化面積中約1/4來自中國。

Carryingoutmajorprojectsfortheconservationandrestorationofkeynationalecosystems.Withafocusonmajornationaleco-environmentalfunctionalareas,ECRLsandtodealwithproblemsbyaddressingtheirrootcauses.IthascarriedoutshelterbeltandnaturalforestprotectionandrestorationprogramssuchastheshelterbeltprograminnortheastChina,northChinaandnorthwestChina,programsreturningmarginalfarmlandtoforestsandgrasslands,theprogramforecologicalrestorationofabandonedmines,theBlueBayenvironmentimprovementinitiative,thecoastalbeltsprotectionandrestorationprogram,thecomprehensivemanagementoftheBohaiSeawaterenvironment,theconservationandrestorationofmangroveforests,andotherrestorationandrehabilitationprojectsofsignificanteco-environmentalimportance.Chinahascarriedoutlarge-scaleafforestationprojects,steadilyincreasedtheareaofforests,grasslands,wetlands,riversandlakes,andeffectivelyreversedthetrendofdesertification.

From2012to2021,64millionhectaresoftreeswereplanted.Duringthisperiod,desertificationpreventionandcontrolwascarriedoutover18.53millionhectaresofland,and40millionhectaresoflandwereimprovedthroughsowinggrass,andmorethan800,000hectaresofwetlandwereaddedorrestored.In2021,theforestcoverageratiohit24percent,whiletheforeststockvolumegrewto19.5billioncubicmeters.Bothfiguresrepresented30consecutiveyearsofgrowth,makingChinathecountrywiththehighestgrowthinforestresourcesandthelargestareaofman-madeforest.Chinaisalsothefirstcountrytorealizezeronetlanddegradation–itsdesertifiedandsandifiedareasarebothshrinking,andthisishelpingtheworldtoreachtheglobalgoalofzeronetlanddegradationin2030.Since2000,Chinahasledtheworldingreeningtheplanet,contributingaroundonefourthofthenewlyaddedgreenareasintheworld.

（三）推動重點區域綠色發展3.Promotingthegreendevelopmentofkeyregions

中國充分發揮區域重大戰略的提升引領作用，堅持生態優先、綠色發展理念推動實施區域重大戰略，著力打造綠色發展的第一梯隊，帶動全國經濟社會發展綠色化水平整體提升。

Chinagivesfullplaytotheguidingroleofmajorstrategiesforregionaldevelopmentandtheimplementationofthesestrategies,basedonprioritizingeco-environmentalconservationandpromotinggreendevelopment.Itworkstobuildthekeyregionsintopioneersandmodelsingreendevelopmenttoboostgreensocialandeconomicdevelopmentacrossthecountry.

推動京津冀協同發展生態環保率先突破。實施京津冀協同發展戰略，在交通、環境、產業、公共服務等領域協同推進，強化生態環境聯建聯防聯治。以京津冀地區為重點，開展華北地區地下水超采綜合治理，扭轉了上世紀80年代以來華北地下水位逐年下降的趨勢。高起點規劃、高標準建設雄安新區，圍繞打造北京非首都功能集中承載地，構建布局合理、藍綠交織、清新明亮、水城共融的生態城市，打造綠色高質量發展“樣板之城”。2021年，京津冀13個城市空氣質量優良天數比例達到74.1%，比2013年提升32.2個百分點，北京市大氣環境治理成為全球環境治理的中國樣本。

PushingforbreakthroughsinenvironmentalprotectioninthecoordinateddevelopmentoftheBeijing-Tianjin-Hebeiregion.Thestrategyfortheregion’scoordinateddevelopmenthasbeenimplemented,spurringtheintegrateddevelopmentofareassuchastransport,environment,industryPanel3Saihanba–FromDeserttoOasisandpublicservices,andstrengtheningjointpreventionandcontrolofenvironmentalproblems.Withtheregionasafocus,comprehensiveeffortshavebeenmadetoaddressoverexploitationofgroundwaterinnorthChina,withthegroundwaterlevelgoingdowncontinuouslysincethe1980sbeingreversed.Inthisregion,XionganNewAreaisbeingbuiltaccordingtoforward-lookingplansandhighstandards,withafocusondevelopingitintoadestinationforentitiesrelocatedfromBeijingastheirfunctionsarenon-essentialtoBeijing’sroleasthecapital.Xionganwillbebuiltintoaneco-friendlyexemplarcityofhigh-qualitygreendevelopmentwitharationallayout,agoodbalanceofbluewater,greenareas,cleanair,clearskiesandurbanfacilities.In2021,in13citiesintheregion,74percentofdayshadgoodairquality.Thiswasanincreaseof32percentagepointscomparedwith2013.Beijinghassetanexampleinairqualitycontrolfortheworld.

以共抓大保護、不搞大開發為導向推動長江經濟帶建設。長江是中華民族的母親河，也是中華民族發展的重要支撐。中國堅持把修復長江生態環境擺在壓倒性位置，協調推動經濟發展和生態環境保護，努力建設人與自然和諧共生的綠色發展示范帶，使長江經濟帶成為生態優先、綠色發展的主戰場。發揮產業協同聯動整體優勢，構建綠色產業體系，加快區域經濟綠色轉型步伐。大力推進長江保護修復攻堅戰，深入實施城鎮污水垃圾處理、化工污染治理、農業面源污染治理、船舶污染治理和尾礦庫污染治理“4+1”工程，全面實施長江十年禁漁，開展長江岸線利用項目及非法矮圍清理整治。2018年以來，累計騰退長江岸線162公里，灘岸復綠1213萬平方米，恢復水域面積6.8萬畝，長江干流國控斷面水質連續兩年全線達到Ⅱ類。

Promotingwell-coordinatedenvironmentalconservationandavoidingexcessivedevelopmentwhiledevelopingtheYangtzeRiverEconomicBelt.TheYangtzeRiveristhemotherriveroftheChinesenation,andapowerhouseforChina’sdevelopment.TherestorationoftheYangtzeRiver’seco-environmentisatoppriority.Chinaiscoordinatingeconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotectionandbuildinganeconomicbeltepitomizinggreendevelopmentandharmonybetweenhumanityandnature.

Takingadvantageoftheopportunitiesofferedbyindustrialintegration,theYangtzeRiverEconomicBeltisbuildingagreenindustrialsystemandacceleratingitsgreeneconomictransformation.Atoughbattlehasbeenlaunchedtoprotectandrestoretheeco-environmentintheYangtzeRiverBasin:Intenseeffortshavebeenmadetocarryoutthe“4+1”project–thetreatmentofurbansewageandgarbage,chemicalpollution,agriculturalnon-pointsourcepollution,shippollutionandtailingpondpollution;acomprehensive10-yearfishingbanintheYangtzeRiverBasinhasbeenimplemented;actionhasbeentakentoregulatebanksdevelopmentprojectsandremoveillegaldykes.Since2018,unauthorizedstructuresalong162kilometersoftheriverbankshavebeendemolished,morethan12squarekilometersalongthebankshavebeenrevegetated,and4,533hectareshavebeenreturnedtowater.Thewaterqualityatthestate-monitoredsectionsofthemainstreamoftheYangtzeRiverhasreachedGradeIIlevel(thesecondbestlevel)forthepasttwoyears.

發揮長三角地區綠色發展表率作用。加快長三角生態綠色一體化發展示范區建設，率先探索將生態優勢轉化為經濟社會發展優勢、從項目協同走向區域一體化制度創新，依托優美風光、人文底蘊、特色產業，集聚創新要素資源，夯實綠色發展生態本底，打造綠色創新發展高地。

ThepioneeringroleoftheYangtzeRiverDeltaregioningreendevelopment.TheconstructionoftheYangtzeRiverDeltaIntegratedGreenDevelopmentDemonstrationZonewillbeaccelerated,toexplorewaystotranslateeco-environmentalstrengthsintosocialandeconomicbenefits,andwaysfortheregiontotransitionfromcoordinatedprojectexecutiontoregionalintegratedinstitutionalinnovation.Withpicturesquescenery,arichculture,specialtyindustries,andaclusterofinnovationresources,theregionwilllayasolidfoundationforgreendevelopment,anddevelopintoahubforgreenandinnovation-drivendevelopment.

推動黃河流域生態保護和高質量發展。把保護黃河作為中華民族發展的千秋大計，堅持對黃河上下游、干支流、左右岸生態保護治理工作統籌謀劃。開展全流域生態環境保護治理，推動上中游水土流失和荒漠化防治以及下游河道和灘區綜合治理，黃河泥沙負荷穩步下降，確保黃河安瀾。堅持以水定城、以水定地、以水定人、以水定產，走水安全有效保障、水資源高效利用、水生態明顯改善的集約節約發展之路。沿黃地區在保護傳承弘揚黃河文化、發展特色產業上積極探索，培養壯大新產業新業態，推動生態、經濟價值同步提升，讓黃河成為惠民利民的生態河、幸福河。

Eco-environmentalconservationandhigh-qualitydevelopmentintheYellowRiverBasin.ProtectingtheYellowRiverisalong-termstrategyoffundamentalimportancetotheChinesenation.ChinahasmadecoordinatedplansandcarriedoutecologicalprotectionandimprovementintheentireYellowRiverBasin,includingsoilerosionanddesertificationcontrolinitsupperandmiddlereachesandcomprehensivetreatmentofrivercoursesandbanksinthelowerreaches.ThesedimentloadoftheYellowRiverhassteadilyfallen,whichhelpstoensureitssafety.Wateravailabilityhasbeenadeterminingfactorinurbanandindustrialdevelopment,agriculture,andpopulationdistribution.Apathofintensivewater-conservationhasbeenfollowedsothatwatersecurityhasbeeneffectivelyensured,waterresourcesareusedefficiently,andtheecologyhasimproved.AreasalongtheYellowRiverarebeingprotectedinordertocarryforwardanddisseminatetheYellowRiverculture,developspecialtyindustriesandnurturenewindustriesandbusinessmodels.Thishasraisedboththeeco-environmentalandeconomicvalueoftheriver,tothebenefitofthepeople.

建設美麗粵港澳大灣區。以建設美麗灣區為引領，著力提升生態環境質量，探索綠色低碳的城市建設運營模式，促進大灣區可持續發展，使大灣區天更藍、山更綠、水更清，打造生態安全、環境優美、社會安定、文化繁榮的粵港澳大灣區。

BuildingabeautifulGuangdong-HongKong-MacaoGreaterBayArea.Chinahasvigorouslyimprovedthequalityoftheeco-environmentinthebayarea,exploredgreenandlow-carbonurbanconstructionandoperationmodels,andpromotedsustainabledevelopment,makingitsskiesbluer,mountainsgreener,andwaterclearer.Theareawillenjoyasafeandbeautifuleco-environment,astablesociety,andculturalprosperity.

（四）建設生態宜居美麗家園4.Buildingabeautifulhomewithapleasantlivingenvironment

城鄉是人們聚居活動的主要空間。中國把綠色發展理念融入城鄉建設活動，大力推動美麗城市和美麗鄉村建設，突出環境污染治理，著力提升人居環境品質，打造山巒層林盡染、平原藍綠交融、城鄉鳥語花香的美麗家園。

Urbanandruralareasarethecarriersofhumansettlementsandactivities.Chinaintegratesthephilosophyofgreendevelopmentintourbanandruralconstruction,andpromotesbeautifulcitiesandbeautifulcountrysideinitiatives.Withprioritygiventoenvironmentalpollutioncontrol,Chinastrivestoimprovethelivingenvironmenttobuildabeautifulhomefeaturinglushmountains,greenfields,singingbirds,andblossomingflowers.

建設人與自然和諧共生的美麗城市。中國把保護城市生態環境擺在突出位置，推進以人為核心的城鎮化，科學規劃布局城市的生產空間、生活空間、生態空間，打造宜居城市、韌性城市、智慧城市，把城市建設成為人與自然和諧共生的美麗家園。堅持尊重自然、順應自然，依托現有山水脈絡等獨特風光推進城市建設，讓城市融入大自然，讓居民望得見山、看得見水、記得住鄉愁。持續拓展城市生態空間，建設國家園林城市、國家森林城市，推進城市公園體系和綠道網絡建設，大力推動城市綠化，讓城市再現綠水青山。2012－2021年，城市建成區綠化覆蓋率由39.22%提高到42.06%，人均公園綠